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57 results for “marine dispersal”
Quantifying dispersal variability among nearshore marine populations
<p>Project measuring variability in larval dispersal for clownfish <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>. This repository is organized into 3 folders:</p> <ol> <li>code -This contains the R code to produce the results in the manuscript “Quantifying dispersal variability among nearshore marine populations”. My original coding was done in Jupyter Notebooks (IR Kernel). These notebooks are included in the folder "WorkingJupyterNotebooks", and can be viewed as HTML using the web site <a href="https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/">https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/</a>. The .R files were produced by downloading these notebooks as .R files.</li> <li>data -This contains the data to run the analysis using the code. The genomic data here is a filtered to use in Colony2. It also contains a backup of the SQL database with all data for the clownfish field and wetlab work in the Pinsky lab.</li> <li>genomics -This is the version of <a href="https://github.com/pinskylab/genomics">https://github.com/pinskylab/genomics</a> as it was at the time of this project. It contains all molecular wetlab metadata, raw genomic data, bioinformatics code, and protocols.</li> </ol> <p>Please contact Katrina at <a href="mailto:kat.catalano@rutgers.edu">kat.catalano@rutgers.edu</a> with any questions.</p>
Figure 3 in Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal
Figure 3. Median-joining haplotype networks of the Retropinnidae constructed from A, cytochrome b (1363 comparable sites) and B, 16s rRNA (575 comparable sites) alignments in POPART (for GenBank Accession numbers, see Supporting Information, Table S2). Haplotypes (circles) are proportional to frequency (numbers), with number of substitutions indicated by hatches along branches. Black circles represent undetected intermediary haplotypes, with colours corresponding to species.
Figure 1 in Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal
Figure 1. The extinct New Zealand grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus). Artwork by Frank Edward Clarke. Annotations in figure contain a nomen nudum. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
First come, first served: possible role for priority effects in marine populations under different degrees of dispersal potential
<p>Aim Studying clearly delineated populations in marine lakes, islands of sea, we investigate the interplay of habitat size, immigration, and priority effects in shaping marine population genetic structure. Location Marine lakes and coastal locations in Indonesia, Palau, Papua New-Guinea and Australia. Taxon Mussels (Mytillidae, Brachidontes spp.) Methods Populations were sampled from four coastal locations and 22 marine lakes of similar age (~8,000 years), yet differing in size (0.04 - 4.7 km2) and degree of connection to the adjacent sea. While some lakes are highly connected, allowing potential influx of larvae from the sea, others have very limited water exchange. We assessed the phylogeographic structure and demographic history using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data, and combined this with geometric morphometrics. The effects of lake characteristics on population genetic diversity and structure were tested using linear regression and Mantel tests. Results Each lake contained one of six distinct genetic lineages, which were characterized by deep phylogenetic splits and significant morphometric differences. These lineages likely represent separate species. The lineages showed similar demographic patterns, with lakes containing founder populations that rapidly expanded and diverged. Genetic diversity within lake populations was significantly correlated with lake area, but not with physical connection to the adjacent sea. Within lineages that occurred in multiple lakes there was strong population structure (average ΦST 0.65), which did not conform to an isolation-by-distance pattern or to the degree of dispersal potential. Main Conclusions Marine lakes across a gradient of physical isolation show strong population structure and evidence for in situ divergence. We hypothesize that the observed genetic structure is the result of priority effects. In addition, reduction of habitat size appears to reduce genetic diversity, even at very small spatial scales. Our findings are relevant in the context of ongoing alterations to coastal hydrodynamics, which lead to habitat reduction and influence migration among populations at fine spatial scales.</p>
Data from: Cycles of trans‐Arctic dispersal and vicariance, and diversification of the amphi‐boreal marine fauna
<p>The amphi‐boreal faunal element comprises closely related species and conspecific populations with vicarious distributions in the North Atlantic and North Pacific basins. It originated from an initial trans‐Arctic dispersal in the Pliocene after the first opening of the Bering Strait, and subsequent vicariance through the Pleistocene when the passage through the Arctic was severed by glaciations and low sea levels. Opportunities for further dispersal have risen at times however, and molecular data now expose more complex patterns of inter‐oceanic affinities and dispersal histories. For a general view on the trans‐Arctic dynamics and of the roles of potential dispersal‐vicariance cycles in generating systematic diversity we produced new phylogeographic data sets for amphi‐boreal taxa in 21 genera of invertebrates and vertebrates, and combined them with similar published data sets of mitochondrial coding gene variation, adding up to 89 comparisons involving molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, polychaetes, fishes and mammals. Only 39% of the cases correspond with a simple history of Pliocene divergence; in most taxonomical groups, the range of divergence estimates implies connections through the entire Pliocene–Pleistocene‐Holocene time frame. Repeated inter‐oceanic exchange was inferred for 23 taxa, and the latest connection was usually post‐glacial. Such repeated invasions have usually led to secondary contacts and occasionally to widespread hybridization between the different invasion waves. Late‐ or post‐glacial exchange was inferred in 50% of the taxa, stressing the importance of the relatively recent invasions to the current diversity in the Northern Atlantic. Individual taxa also showed complex idiosyncratic patterns and histories, and several instances of cryptic speciation were recognized. In contrast to a simple inter‐oceanic vicariance scenario underlying amphi‐boreal speciation, the data expose complex patterns of reticulation and introgression that complicate the interpretation of taxon boundaries in the region.</p>
Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
Aim: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur rarely but play a fundamental role in shaping species biogeography. Lying at the heart of island biogeography theory, LDD relies on unusual events to facilitate colonisation of new habitats and range expansion. Despite the importance of LDD, it is inherently difficult to quantify due to the rarity of such events. We estimate the probability of LDD of the seagrass Heterozostera nigricaulis, a common Australian species, across the Pacific Ocean to colonise South America.Location: Coastal Chile, Australia and the Pacific Ocean. Methods: Genetic analysis of H. nigricaulis collected from Chile and Australia were used to assess the relationship between the populations and levels of clonality. Ocean surface current models were used to predict the probability of propagules dispersing from South East Australia to Central Chile and shipping data used to determine the likelihood of anthropogenic dispersal. Results: Our study infers that the seagrass H. nigricaulis dispersed from Australia across the entire width of the Pacific (~14,000 km) to colonise South America on two occasions. Genetic analyses reveal that these events led to two large isolated clones, one of which covers a combined area of 3.47 km2. Oceanographic models estimate the arrival probability of a dispersal propagule within 3 years to be at most 0.00264%. Early shipping provides a potential alternative dispersal vector, yet few ships sailed from SE Australia to Chile prior to the first recording of H. nigricaulis and the lack of more recent and ongoing introductions demonstrate the rarity of such dispersal. Main Conclusion: These findings demonstrate LDD does occur over extreme distance despite very low probabilities. The large number of propagules (100s of millions) produced over 100s of years suggests that the arrival of propagules in Chile was inevitable and confirms the importance of LDD for species distributions and community ecology.
Individual variation in marine larval-fish swimming speed and the emergence of dispersal kernels
<p>Dispersal emerges as a consequence of how an individual's phenotype interacts with the environment. Not all dispersing individuals have the same phenotype, and variation among individuals can generate complex variation in the distribution of dispersal distances and directions. While active locomotion performance is an obvious candidate for a dispersal phenotype, its effects on dispersal are difficult to measure or predict, especially in small organisms dispersing in wind or currents. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of larval swimming on dispersal and settlement of coral-reef fish larvae using a high-resolution biophysical model. The model is, to date, the only biophysical model of marine larval dispersal that has been statistically validated against genetic parentage estimates of larval origin and destination, and incorporates empirically-estimated larval behaviors and their ontogeny. Larval swimming, in combination with depth, orientation, and navigation behaviors, actually reduced dispersal distances compared to those of passive larvae. Swimming had no consistent effects on long distance dispersal, but increased the spread of settlement locations. Swimming speed, in contrast, did not consistently affect median dispersal distances, but faster swimming larvae had greater mean and maximum dispersal distances than slower swimming larvae. Finally, faster larval swimming speeds consistently increased the probability of settlement. Our analysis shows how larval swimming differentially affects multiple properties of dispersal kernels. In doing so, it indicates how selection could favor faster larval swimming to increase settlement, which may actually result in longer dispersal distances as a by-product of larvae trying to locate habitat rather than to disperse greater distances.</p>
Systematics of the New World bats Eptesicus and Histiotus suggest trans-marine dispersal followed by Neotropical cryptic diversification
<p>Biodiversity can be boosted by colonization of new habitats, such as different continents and remote islands. Molecular studies have suggested that recently evolved organisms probably colonized already separated continents by dispersal, either via land bridge connections or crossing the ocean. Here we test the on-land and trans-marine dispersal hypotheses by evaluating possibilities of colonization routes over Bering land bridge and across the Atlantic Ocean in the cosmopolitan bat genus <em>Eptesicus</em> (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Previous molecular studies have found New World <em>Eptesicus</em> more closely related to <em>Histiotus</em>, a Neotropical endemic lineage with enlarged ears, than to Old World <em>Eptesicus</em>. However, phylogenetic relationships within the New World group remained unresolved and their evolutionary history was unclear. Here we studied the systematics of New World <em>Eptesicus</em> and <em>Histiotus</em> using extensive taxonomic and geographic sampling, and genomic data from thousands of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs). We estimated phylogenetic trees using concatenation and multispecies coalescent. All analyses supported four major New World clades and a novel topology where <em>E. fuscus</em> and <em>Histiotus</em> are sister clades that together diverged from two sister clades of Neotropical <em>Eptesicus</em>. Intra-clade divergence suggested cryptic diversity that has been concealed by morphological features, especially in the Neotropics where taxonomic re-evaluations are warranted. Molecular dating estimated that Old World and New World clades diverged around 17 million years ago followed by radiation of major New World clades in the mid-Miocene, when climatic changes might have facilitated global dispersal and radiation events. Biogeographic ancestral reconstruction supported the Neotropical origin of the New World clades, suggesting a trans-Atlantic colonization route from North Africa to the northern Neotropics. We highlight that trans-marine dispersal may be more prevalent than currently acknowledged and may be an important first step to global biodiversification.</p>
Data from: Fossils indicate marine dispersal in osteoglossid fishes, a classic example of continental vicariance
<p>The separation of closely-related terrestrial or freshwater species by vast marine barriers represents a biogeographic riddle. Such cases can provide evidence for vicariance, a process whereby ancient geological events like continental rifting divided ancestral geographic ranges. With an evolutionary history extending tens of millions of years, freshwater ecology, and distribution encompassing widely separated southern landmasses, osteoglossid bonytongue fishes are a textbook case of vicariance attributed to Mesozoic fragmentation of the Gondwanan supercontinent. Largely overlooked fossils complicate the clean narrative invoked for extant species by recording occurrences on additional continents and in marine settings. Here we present a new total-evidence hypothesis for bonytongue fishes combined with quantitative models of range evolution and show that the last common ancestor of extant osteoglossids was likely marine, and that the group colonized freshwater settings at least four times when both extant and extinct lineages are considered. The correspondence between extant osteoglossid relationships and patterns of continental fragmentation therefore represents a striking example of biogeographic pseudocongruence. Contrary to arguments against vicariance hypotheses that rely only on temporal or phylogenetic evidence, these results provide direct palaeontological support for enhanced dispersal ability early in the history of a group with widely separated distributions in the modern day.</p>
The Small World of Global Marine Fisheries: The Cross-Boundary Consequences of Larval Dispersal
<p>This dataset contains the key intermediate inputs and tabular results generated as part of the paper "The Small World of Global Marine Fisheries". The main directories are as follows:</p> <p> - transitions: Matrices describing the probability of particle transitions.</p> <p> - spawn: Collated information on spawning locations and larval dynamics.</p> <p> - spawn-transits: Species-level transition probabilities.</p> <p> - weights: Collated information on EEZs and on sovereign regions.</p> <p> - atrisk: Import and export flows, and corresponding risk factors.</p> <p> - economics: Data files to support economic calculations</p> <p> - saudata: Data from Sea Around Us.</p> <p> - shapefiles: Geospatial information.</p>
Larval and adult traits coevolve in response to asymmetric coastal currents to shape marine dispersal kernels
<p>Dispersal emerges as an outcome of organismal traits and external forcings. However, it remains unclear how the emergent dispersal kernel evolves as a by-product of selection on the underlying traits. This question is particularly compelling in coastal marine systems where dispersal is tied to development and reproduction, and where directional currents bias larval dispersal downstream causing selection for retention. We modelled the dynamics of a metapopulation along a finite coastline using an integral projection model and adaptive dynamics to understand how asymmetric coastal currents influence the evolution of larval (pelagic larval duration) and adult (spawning frequency) life history traits, which indirectly shape the evolution of marine dispersal kernels. Selection induced by alongshore currents favors the release of larvae over multiple time periods, allowing long pelagic larval durations and long-distance dispersal to be maintained in marine life cycles in situations where they were previously predicted to be selected against. Two evolutionary stable strategies emerged: one with a long pelagic larval duration and many spawning events resulting in a dispersal kernel with a larger mean and variance, and another with a short pelagic larval duration and few spawning events resulting in a dispersal kernel with a smaller mean and variance. Our theory shows how coastal ocean flows are important agents of selection that can generate multiple, often co-occurring, evolutionary outcomes for marine life history traits that affect dispersal.</p>
How did subterranean amphipods cross the Adriatic Sea? Phylogenetic evidence for the dispersal-vicariance interplay mediated by marine regression-transgression cycles
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Larval and adult traits coevolve in response to asymmetric coastal currents to shape marine dispersal kernels
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First come, first served: possible role for priority effects in marine populations under different degrees of dispersal potential
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Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
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Systematics of the New World bats Eptesicus and Histiotus suggest trans-marine dispersal followed by Neotropical cryptic diversification
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Data from: Fossils indicate marine dispersal in osteoglossid fishes, a classic example of continental vicariance
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Data from: How do seemingly non-vagile clades accomplish trans-marine dispersal? Trait and dispersal evolution in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)
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Individual variation in marine larval-fish swimming speed and the emergence of dispersal kernels
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Evolution of interspecific variation in marine larval dispersal kernels: The role of larval navigation ability
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