Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic 'y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of three significantly different kinds of last-stage lecithotrophic (non-feeding) y-nauplii (Facetotecta) illustrating key characters (general body size and shape, and morphology of labrum and caudal spines) used herein to separate and describe 34 y-naupliar morphospecies, with various measurements explained directly on the figure. A–B. Hansenocaris demodex Olesen et al., 2022, ventral view with detail of labral area. C. Hansenocaris cristalabri Olesen & Grygier, 2022 (holotype, NHMD), lateral view. D–F. Type K, lateral view with details of labrum and caudal spines. A–B from Olesen et al. (2022); C from Olesen & Grygier (2022).

Fig. 12 in Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic 'y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii

Fig. 12. Last-stage nauplii of two different morphospecies of y-larvae (Facetotecta) from Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan). A–D. Y-nauplius Type U*. E–G. Y-nauplius Type V. Shown either in life (A, E–G) or as slide-mounted exuviae (B–D). Abbreviations: A1 = first antenna; A2 = second antenna; Md = mandible.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic 'y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii

Fig. 1. Field work to collect y-larvae (Facetotecta) at Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan) in 2018 and 2019. A. Example of newly collected y-nauplii (19 specimens) and y-cyprids (1 specimen). B. Seven lecithotrophic y-nauplii showing internal yolk and pigment, too early in development to be identified except for a specimen of Type AM and possible specimens of Types K and AG. C. Two common morphospecies of planktotrophic nauplii, Types A* and I*. D. Tray with code-labelled petri dishes used for rearing. E. Sesoko Island. F. Pier of Sesoko Station. G. Sorting and photography of y-larvae in the lab. A–C from Olesen et al. (2002).

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic 'y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii

Fig. 6. Last-stage nauplii of two different (morpho)species of y-larvae (Facetotecta) from Sesoko Island (Okinawa, Japan). A–F. Hansenocaris demodex Olesen et al., 2022 (all paratypes). G–L. Type C ('Bumblebee'). Shown either in life (A–B, G–H) or as slide-mounted exuviae (C–F, I –L). Abbreviations: A1 = first antenna; A2 = second antenna; Md = mandible.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

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Data from: macrofaunal diversity patterns in coastal marine sediments: re-examining common metrics and methods

Complex biodiversity patterns arise in marine systems due to overlapping ecological processes, including organism interactions, resource distribution, and environmental conditions. Despite the importance of documenting these patterns, describing diversity in natural ecosystems remains challenging. Here, we investigate three nearshore sub-Arctic sites to describe benthic macroinfaunal taxa and biological traits, with the ultimate aim of determining whether common diversity metrics and typical sampling efforts adequately capture community composition in these systems. First, we assess how diversity relates to sediment depth, and examine relationships among commonly used taxonomic and functional diversity indices. Second, using a power analysis, we explore how sampling effort influences the interpretation of diversity patterns in coastal systems. We report significant variation in community composition among sites, even across small spatial scales of kilometers, and find that taxonomically diverse communities do not necessarily correspond to high functional diversity. We further find that although environmental factors such as sediment depth consistently affect macroinfaunal diversity, the direction and magnitude of these relationships are site dependent. Finally, we demonstrate that typical sampling effort for coastal benthic studies may not capture macroinfaunal community composition adequately, potentially obscuring hotspots in common diversity metrics such as taxonomic or functional richness. Conversely, indices such as Simpson's diversity may be well-suited to resource-limited studies with restricted sampling capacity. Our results highlight the importance of adopting a multi-pronged approach to biodiversity assessment and determining optimal sample sizes for a wide range of marine benthic systems, particularly in the context of biodiversity monitoring for conservation purposes.

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Examining the diversity, stability and functioning of marine fish communities across a latitudinal gradient

Aim: As anthropogenic stressors on the biosphere intensify, understanding how communities respond to disturbances is critical. Biodiversity is often thought to promote the stability of communities over time and enhance ecosystem functioning. However, results have been inconsistent, and the multifaceted linkages among diversity, stability, and functioning under acute disturbances remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested the responses of marine fish communities to disturbance (i.e., acute habitat loss) across a diversity gradient spanning 35º degrees of latitude in the western Atlantic Ocean to assess the diversity-stability relationship and the interplay between diversity, stability, and fish biomass recovery (as a proxy for function) in marine fish communities. Location: Western Atlantic Ocean (Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida [USA], Belize, and Panama). Time period: 2016 – 2017 Major taxa studied: Small, bottom-dwelling ('cryptobenthic') fishes Results: Diversity showed a negative effect on community stability at both the regional (across docks) and local (within docks) scales. Similarly, local diversity was negatively correlated with ecosystem function. These effects are exacerbated by the habitat loss imposed via our experimental treatment. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that habitat loss may more intensively re-shuffle diverse, tropical communities, which impacts biomass recovery, our proxy of functioning. Contrary to ecological theory, in small-bodied, benthos-associated vertebrate communities, biodiversity may neither promote stability nor functioning, suggesting that human disturbances may be particularly impactful in tropical, high-diversity ecosystems.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Fig. 6. A in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 6. A, left dorsolateral view of the skull of DN2019-T4-001, Balaenoptera omurai; B, dorsal view of the vertex of the skull of DN2019-T4-001, Balaenoptera omurai; C, left lateral view of the skull of DN2019-T8-001, Dugong dugon.

Fig. 5. A in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 5. A selection of odontocete skulls, highlighting most of the species identified during the survey. All photographs of additional specimens can be viewed in the Supplemental Information. A, dorsal view of the skull of CI2019-T1-002, Neophocaena phocaenoides; B, ventral view of the skull of CI2019-T1-002, Neophocaena phocaenoides; C, dorsal view of the skull of DN2019-T1-005, Tursiops aduncus; D, ventral view of the skull of DN2019-T1-005, Tursiops aduncus; E, dorsal view of the skull of HA2019-T4-006, Sousa chinensis; F, ventral view of the skull of HA2019-T4-006, Sousa chinensis; G, dorsal view of the skull of HA2019-T4-001, Stenella attenuata; H, ventral view of the skull of HA2019-T4-001, Stenella attenuata; I, dorsal view of the skull of DN2019-T2-003, Lagenodelphis hosei; J, ventral view of the skull of DN2019-T2-003, Lagenodelphis hosei; K, dorsal view of the skull of HA2019-T4-002, Pseudorca crassidens; L, ventral view of the skull of HA2019-T4-002, Pseudorca crassidens; M, dorsal view of the skull of CI2019-T1-001, Feresa attenuata; N, ventral view of the skull of CI2019-T1-001, Feresa attenuata; O, dorsal view of the skull of DN2019-T1-022, Globicephala macrorhynchus; P, ventral view of the skull of DN2019-T1-022, Globicephala macrorhynchus; Q, dorsal view of the skull of DN2019-T1-007, Delphinus delphis (long-beaked form); R, ventral view of the skull of DN2019-T1-007, Delphinus delphis (long-beaked form); S, dorsal view of the skull of DN2019-T4-008, Grampus griseus; T, ventral view of the skull of DN2019-T4-008, Grampus griseus.

Fig. 4. A in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 4. A, collection of urns with marine mammal skulls from DN2019-T8, Đà Nẵng; B, central altar of HA2019-T4, Hội An; C, central altar of DN2019-T5 (Đà Nẵng) with glass casket of bones in the background; D, large tomb at the temple CI2019-T1 on the Cham Islands.

Fig. 3 in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 3. Six examples of central buildings of traditional whale temple complexes. A, HA2019-T2, Hội An; B, DN2019-T6, Đà Nẵng; C, DN2019-T7, Đà Nẵng; D, DN2019-T1, Đà Nẵng; E, HA2019-T1, Hội An; F, DN2019-T1, Đà Nẵng.

Fig. 2. A in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 2. A, the central altar of DN2019-T4, Đà Nẵng; B, temple near Hội An, HA2019-T4 in the shape of a Vietnamese fishing boat.

Fig. 1 in Whale temples are unique repositories for understanding marine mammal diversity in Central Vietnam

Fig. 1. The locations of whale temples visited during this study in central Vietnam marked with red triangles.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Global patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity in marine fishes

Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity. Examination of global patterns of genetic diversity can help highlight mechanisms underlying species diversity, though a recurring challenge has been that patterns may vary by molecular marker. Here, we compiled 6862 observations of genetic diversity from 492 species of marine fish and tested among hypotheses for diversity gradients: the founder effect hypothesis, the kinetic energy hypothesis, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis. We fit generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) and explored the extent to which various macroecological drivers (latitude, longitude, temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a concentration) explained variation in genetic diversity. We found that mitochondrial genetic diversity followed geographic gradients similar to those of species diversity, being highest near the Equator, particularly in the Coral Triangle, while nuclear genetic diversity did not follow clear geographic patterns. Despite these differences, all genetic diversity metrics were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration, while mitochondrial diversity was also positively associated with SST. Our results provide support for the kinetic energy hypothesis, which predicts that elevated mutation rates at higher temperatures increase mitochondrial but not necessarily nuclear diversity, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis, which posits that resource-rich regions support larger populations with greater genetic diversity. Overall, these findings reveal how environmental variables can influence mutation rates and genetic drift in the ocean, caution against using mitochondrial macro-genetic patterns as proxies for whole-genome diversity, and aid in defining global gradients of genetic diversity.

Figure 2 in Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

Figure 2: Shotgun sequencing data sourced from MG-RAST and manually binned into various oceanographic regions of the world. (Top) Relative abundances (using annotation e-value of 10−8) of fungal genera. Numbers across the top of histogram bars denote the number of datasets used in the analysis. Numbers at top of histogram do not match the total number of databases analyzed, as many samples had no fungal sequences remaining after subsampling. GOM is Gulf of Mexico. (Bottom left) Rarefaction curves showing the number of fungal genera detected as a function of the number of fungal sequences analyzed before database normalization. (Bottom right) Genera-based non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) spatial analysis with indicator taxa displayed, illustrating overlapping, similar fungal communities.

Figure 4 in Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

Figure 4: Shotgun sequencing data analyzed from metagenomic rapid annotations using subsystems technology (MG-RAST) of deposited datasets plotting richness and diversity as a function of latitude. Red colors depict open ocean samples. Black colors depict coastal samples.

Figure 3 in Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

Figure 3: 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing of global high-throughput sequencing datasets. Number at top of histogram indicates the number of samples used in this analysis. Numbers at top of histogram do not match the total number of databases analyzed, as many samples had no fungal sequences remaining after subsampling. (Top) Histogram of lowestlevel classification of marine fungal taxa using SILVA-classified datasets from various regions of the world. (Bottom left) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) spatial analysis of normalized sequencing datasets displaying color-coded sites with embedded colors representing sites from deeper (>35 m) and shallower depths. (Bottom right) Rarefaction curves showing the number of fungal genera detected as a function of the number of fungal sequences analyzed before database normalization.

Figure 1 in Global diversity and geography of planktonic marine fungi

Figure 1: Global map displaying high-throughput sequencing data sampling sites in red that were used in this review for analysis. Some points represent multiple datasets.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

FIGURE A11 A–B in The diversity of molluscan faunas in marine lakes of Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

FIGURE A11 A–B. Diodora sp. (L = 13.5 mm, H = 7.3 mm), C–D. Euchelus atratus (L = 13 mm, W = 10 mm) E–F. Neocollonia pilula (L = 5 mm, W = 4.5 mm), G. Rochia nilotica, with young on the adult, H. Tectus fenestratus (H = 17.5 mm, W = 16 mm), I–J. Trochus maculatus (L = 27.8 mm, W = 28.7 mm), K–L. Astralium calcar (L = 18.5 mm, W = 38.4 mm) with operculum, M. Acanthopleura spinosa. Scale bars: 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

FIGURE A10 A. Pteraeolidia semperi, B. Chromodoris lineolata, C in The diversity of molluscan faunas in marine lakes of Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

FIGURE A10 A. Pteraeolidia semperi, B. Chromodoris lineolata, C. Hypselodoris cf. placida, D. Phyllidiella nigra, E. Elysia marginata, F. Elysia sp., G. Thuridilla gracilis, H. Siphonaria sp., I–J. Nerita undata (L = 21 mm, W = 14.4 mm), K–L. Nerita striata (L = 15 mm, W = 11.1 mm), M–N. Nerita winteri (L = 12.1 mm, W = 8.7 mm), O–P. Neritodryas dubia (L = 14.9 mm, W = 9.8 mm), Q. Eoacmaea sp. (L = 9.3 mm, W = 4 mm), R–S. Diodora mus (L = 13.4 mm, W = 5.8 mm). Scale bars: 5 mm.