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34 results for “marine vertebrate”
Distinct latitudinal community patterns of Arctic marine vertebrates along the East Greenlandic coast detected by environmental DNA
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Greenland is one of the places on Earth where the effects of climate change are most evident. The retreat of sea ice has made East Greenland more accessible for longer periods during the year. East Greenland fjords have been notoriously difficult to study due to their remoteness, dense sea ice conditions and lack of infrastructure. As a result, biological monitoring across latitudinal gradients is scarce in East Greenland and relies on sporadic research cruises and trawl data from commercial vessels. We here aim to investigate the transition in fish and marine mammal communities from South to Northeast Greenland using environmental DNA (eDNA).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location: </span></strong><span>South to Northeast Greenland.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>We investigated the transition in fish and marine mammal communities from South to Northeast Greenland using eDNA metabarcoding of seawater samples. We included both surface and mesopelagic samples, collected over approximately 2400 km waterway distance, by sampling from Cape Farewell to Ella Island in August 2021.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> We demonstrate a clear transition in biological communities from south to northeast, with detected fish and mammal species matching known distributions. Samples from the southern areas were dominated by capelin (<em>Mallotus villotus</em>) and redfish (<em>Sebastes</em>), whereas northeastern samples were dominated by polar cod (<em>Boreogadus saida</em>), sculpins (<em>Myoxocephalus</em>) and ringed seal (<em>Pusa hispida</em>). We provide newly generated 12S rRNA barcodes from 72 fish species, bringing the public DNA database closer to full taxonomic coverage for Greenlandic fish species for this locus.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions: </span></strong><span>Our results demonstrate that eDNA sampling can detect latitudinal shifts in marine biological communities of the Arctic region, which can supplement traditional fish surveys in understanding species distributions and community compositions of marine vertebrates. Importantly, sampling of eDNA can be a feasible approach for detecting northward range expansions in remote areas as climate change progresses.</span></p>
Data from: Estimation of lifelong metabolic rates in marine fish: A combination of oxygen consumption measurements and δ13C metabolic proxy derived from vertebral structural carbonates
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Distinct latitudinal community patterns of Arctic marine vertebrates along the East Greenlandic coast detected by environmental DNA
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A large scale temporal and spatial environmental DNA biodiversity survey of marine vertebrates in Brazil following the Fundão tailings dam failure
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Data from: Determinants of individual foraging specialisation in large marine vertebrates, the Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals
1. The degree of individual specialization in resource use differs widely among wild populations where individuals range from fully generalized to highly specialized. This interindividual variation has profound implications in many ecological and evolutionary processes. A recent review proposed four main ecological causes of individual specialization: interspecific and intraspecific competition, ecological opportunity and predation. 2. Using the isotopic signature of subsampled whiskers, we investigated to what degree three of these factors (interspecific and intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity) affect the population niche width and the level of individual foraging specialization in two fur seal species, the Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella and Arctocephalus tropicalis), over several years. 3. Population niche width was greater when the two seal species bred in allopatry (low interspecific competition) than in sympatry or when seals bred in high-density stabilized colonies (high intraspecific competition). In agreement with the niche variation hypothesis (NVH), higher population niche width was associated with higher interindividual niche variation. However, in contrast to the NVH, all Antarctic females increased their niche width during the interbreeding period when they had potential access to a wider diversity of foraging grounds and associated prey (high ecological opportunities), suggesting they all dispersed to a similar productive area. 4. The degree of individual specialization varied among populations and within the annual cycle. Highest levels of interindividual variation were found in a context of lower interspecific or higher intraspecific competition. Contrasted results were found concerning the effect of ecological opportunity. Depending on seal species, females exhibited either a greater or lower degree of individual specialization during the interbreeding period, reflecting species-specific biological constraints during that period. 5. These results suggest a significant impact of ecological interactions on the population niche width and degree of individual specialization. Such variation at the individual level may be an important factor in the species plasticity with significant consequences on how it may respond to environmental variability.
Data from: Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles
Palaeoepidemiological studies related to palaeoecology are rare, but have the potential to provide information regarding ecosystem-level characteristics by measuring individual health. In order to assess factors underlying the prevalence of pathologies in large marine vertebrates, we surveyed ichthyosaurs (Mesozoic marine reptiles) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Early Jurassic: Toarcian) of Southwestern Germany. This Formation provides a relatively large sample from a geologically and geographically restricted interval, making it ideal for generating baseline data for a palaeoepidemiological survey. We examined the influence of taxon, anatomical region, body size, ontogeny, and environmental change, as represented by the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, on the prevalence of pathologies, based on a priori ideas of factors influencing population skeletal health. Our results show that the incidence of pathologies is dependent on taxon, with the small-bodied genus Stenopterygius exhibiting fewer skeletal pathologies than other genera. Within Stenopterygius, we detected more pathologies in large adults than in smaller size classes. Stratigraphic horizon, a proxy for palaeoenvironmental change, did not influence the incidence of pathologies in Stenopterygius. Quantification of the occurrence of pathologies within taxa and across guilds is critical to constructing more detailed hypotheses regarding changes in the prevalence of skeletal injury and disease through Earth history.
Data from: A dynamic state model of migratory behavior and physiology to assess the consequences of environmental variation and anthropogenic disturbance on marine vertebrates
Integrating behavior and physiology is critical to formulating new hypotheses on the evolution of animal life-history strategies. Migratory capital breeders acquire most of the energy they need to sustain migration, gestation and lactation before parturition. Therefore, when predicting the impact of environmental variation on such species, a mechanistic understanding of the physiology of their migratory behavior is required. Using baleen whales as a model system, we developed a dynamic state variable model that captures the interplay among behavioral decisions, energy, reproductive needs and the environment. We applied the framework to blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean, and explored the effects of environmental and anthropogenic perturbations on female reproductive success. We demonstrate the emergence of migration to track prey resources, enabling us to quantify the trade-offs among capital breeding, body condition, and metabolic expenses. We predict that periodic climatic oscillations affect reproductive success less than unprecedented environmental changes do. The effect of localized, acute anthropogenic impacts depended on whales' behavioral response to the disturbance; chronic, but weaker, disturbances had little effect on reproductive success. Because we link behavior and vital rates by modeling individuals' energetic budgets, we provide a general framework to investigate the ecology of migration and assess the population consequences of disturbance, while identifying critical knowledge gaps.
Using vertebrate environmental DNA from seawater in biomonitoring of marine habitats
<p>Conservation and management of marine biodiversity depends on biomonitoring of marine habitats,<br> but current approaches are resource-intensive and require different approaches for different organisms. Environmental<br> DNA (eDNA) extracted from water samples is an efficient and versatile approach to detecting aquatic<br> animals. In the ocean, eDNA composition reflects local fauna at fine spatial scales, but little is known about the<br> effectiveness of eDNA-based monitoring of marine communities at larger scales. We investigated the potential of<br> eDNA to characterize and distinguish marine communities at large spatial scales by comparing vertebrate species<br> composition among marine habitats in Qatar, the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf), based on eDNA<br> metabarcoding of seawater samples. We conducted species accumulation analyses to estimate how much of the<br> vertebrate diversity we detected. We obtained eDNA sequences from a diverse assemblage of marine vertebrates,<br> spanning 191 taxa in 73 families. These included rare and endangered species and covered 36% of the bony fish<br> genera previously recorded in the gulf. Sites of similar habitat type were also similar in eDNA composition. The<br> species accumulation analyses showed that the number of sample replicates was insufficient for some sampling<br> sites but suggested that a few hundred eDNA samples could potentially capture >90% of the marine vertebrate<br> diversity in the study area. Our results confirm that seawater samples contain habitat-characteristic molecular<br> signatures and that eDNA monitoring can efficiently cover vertebrate diversity at scales relevant to national and<br> regional conservation and management.</p>
Using vertebrate environmental DNA from seawater in biomonitoring of marine habitats
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Data from: Determinants of individual foraging specialisation in large marine vertebrates, the Antarctic and Subantarctic fur seals
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Data from: A dynamic state model of migratory behavior and physiology to assess the consequences of environmental variation and anthropogenic disturbance on marine vertebrates
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Data from: Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles
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FIGURE 7. Marine vertebrates from the Strelovec Formation. A in Revisiting horseshoe crab fossils from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Strelovec Formation Konservat-Lagerstätte of Slovenia
FIGURE 7. Marine vertebrates from the Strelovec Formation. A: Placopleurus sp. PMSL T-899. B: Sangiorgioichthys sp. PMSL T-900. C: Marcopoloichthys sp. preserving ocular structures. PMSL T-1745. D: Eosemionotus sp. PMSL T- 1262. E Saurichthys sp. with stomach contents containing Eosemionotus sp. A and E reflected to align with other images. Image credit: Jure Žalohar.
Convergent evolution of a vertebrate-like methylome in a marine sponge
GEO Series GSE124016. Amphimedon queenslandica; Mnemiopsis leidyi; Nematostella vectensis; Sycon ciliatum. 36 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.