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FIGURE 2 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 2. Correlation of the Central and Eastern Paratethyan regional stages with standard chronostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy modified after Harzhauser et al. (2004), Studencka, (1999), Ionesi (1991), and Vernyhorova (2015).

FIGURE 1 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 1. Geographic location map of the Volhynian fossil-bearing sites: 1 – Brykiv; 2 – Vilkhovets; 3 – Kolubaivtsi; 4 – Khotin; 5 – Hrushivtsi; 6 – Khonkivtsi; 7 – Karpov Yar (Naslavcea); 8 – Darabani; 9 – Ghireni; 10 – Cordăreni; 11 – Hănești; 12 – Mitoc; 13 – Drăgușeni; 14 – Stâncești; 15 – Leucucești; 16 – Basarabi; 17 – Stăuceni; 18 – Erbiceni; 19 – Românești; 20 – Aroneanu; 21 – Voinești; 22 – Amvrosiivka; 23 – Saur-Mohyla.

FIGURE 5 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 5. Marine mammals from the Volhynian beds of the Moldavian Platform: A – Phocinae indet. 2, scapula and caudal vertebra, Stăuceni; B – Kentriodon fuchsii, a lumbar vertebra, dorsal and posterior view, Basarabi; C – Kentriodontidae indet. 1 (cf. Imerodelphis thabagarii), lumbar vertebra, dorsal and anterior view, Saur-Mohyla; D – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; E – Kentriodontidae indet. 2, thoracic vertebra, anterior view, Stâncești; F – Kentriodontidae indet. 3, caudal vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Stăuceni; G – Pachyacanthus sp., thoracic vertebra, anterior and lateral view, Vilkhovets; H – Cetotheriidae indet., caudal vertebra, dorsal and lateral view, Stăuceni; I-J –? Mysticeti indet. ("Archaeocetus fockii"), rib fragment, lateral view and cross-section (I), caudal vertebra (J), dorsal and lateral view, Drăgușeni. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A–I and 5 cm in J.

FIGURE 4 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 4. The partial skeleton of a true seal (Phocinae indet. 1) from the Volhynian beds of Kolubaivtsi (Ukraine). Scale bar equals 10 cm.

FIGURE 6 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 6. The periotic bone of Kentriodon fuchsii from the Volhynian of Stăuceni (Romania) in ventral (A), lateral (B), and posterior view (C). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; ap, anterior process; fc, ventral foramen of the facial canal; fo, fenestra ovalis; fr, fenestra rounda; pbf, posterior bullar facet; pc, pars cochlearis; pb, periotic body; pp, posterior process; vt, ventrolateral tuberosity. Scale bars equal 2 cm.

FIGURE 3 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 3. Fish remains from the Volhynian beds of Romania and Ukraine: A-B – Sarmatella doljeana (Kramberger, 1884), anterior part of the body (A), and caudal part (B), Leucuşeşti; C – Clupeinae gen. et sp. indet., isolated scale, Voineşti; D-E – Scombroidei indet., caudal part (D), Erbiceni, and middle part of the body (E), Aroneanu; F – Sparus brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), skeleton, Hrushivtsi; G-H – Sparus cf. brusinai (Kramberger, 1882), right dentary in lateral (G) and dorsal view (H), Pârâul lui Gheorghe; I – Bothus parvulus (Kramberger, 1883), body imprint, Româneşti. Scale bars equal 2 mm in C, 5 mm in A-B, D-E, G-I, and 2 cm in F.

FIGURE 7 in The Volhynian (late Middle Miocene) marine fishes and mammals as proxies for the onset of the Eastern Paratethys re-colonisation by vertebrate fauna

FIGURE 7. Suggested scheme of marine vertebrate fauna dispersal in the Eastern Paratethys during the Volhynian age (modified after Schneider et al., 2013).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Biofouling sponges as natural eDNA samplers for marine vertebrate biodiversity monitoring

These are the raw sequencing data and associated analysis codes for the study of "biofouling sponges as natural eDNA samplers for marine vertebrate biodiversity monitoring".

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Data from: Ecological forensic testing: Using multiple primers for eDNA detection of marine vertebrates in an estuarine lagoon subject to anthropogenic influences

Many critical aquatic habitats are in close proximity to human activity (i.e., adjacent to residences, docks, marinas, etc.), and it is vital to monitor biodiversity in these and similar areas that are subject to ongoing urbanization, pollution, and other environmental disruptions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an accessible, non-invasive genetic technique used to detect and monitor species diversity and is a particularly useful approach in areas where traditional biodiversity monitoring methods (e.g., visual surveys or video surveillance) are challenging to conduct. In this study, we implemented an eDNA approach that used a combination of three distinct PCR primer sets to detect marine vertebrates within a canal system of Biscayne Bay, Florida, an ecosystem representative of challenging sampling conditions and a myriad of impacts from urbanization. We detected fish species from aquarium, commercial, and recreational fisheries, as well as invasive, cryptobenthic, and endangered vertebrate species, including charismatic marine mammals such as the protected West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus. Our results support the potential for eDNA analyses to supplement traditional biodiversity monitoring methods and ultimately serve as an important tool for ecosystem management. This approach minimizes stress or disturbance to organisms and removes the intrinsic risk and logical limitations of SCUBA diving, snorkeling, or deploying sensitive equipment in areas that are subject to high vessel traffic and/or low visibility. Overall, this work sets the framework to understand how biodiversity may change over different spatial and temporal scales in an aquatic ecosystem heavily influenced by urbanization and validates the use of eDNA as a complementary approach to traditional ecological monitoring methods.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

FIGURE 3 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 3. Geologic map of Tlaxiaco showing the position and shape Yosobé and La Lobera localities (modified from SGM 2000a, 2000b, 2009).

FIGURE 6 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 6. Planohybodus sp. from Yosobé; 1, isolated and fragmented tooth, specimen IGM 9316. 2-5, fragment of a dorsal spine in anterior (2), lateral (3), posterior (4), and cross-section (5) views, specimen IGM 9317. Arrow indicates the anterior edge of the predorsal spine.

FIGURE 10 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 10. Vertebrates of marine reptiles from Yosobé. 1-3, Specimen IGM 9324, undetermined thalattosuchian crocodyliform in anterior (1), dorsal (2), and lateral (3) views. 4-6, Specimen IGM 9325, undetermined ophtalmosaurid ichthyosaur in anterior (4), dorsal (5), and ventral (6) views. In both specimens the arrows show the anterior direction. Abbreviations: dp, diapophysial process; fna, facet for the neural arch; ias, intervertebral articular surfaces; ncf, neural canal floor; ncs, neurocentral suture; nf, nutritive foramen; ns, neural spine; pz, posterior zygapophysis.

FIGURE 2 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 2. Map of the Tlaxiaco Basin and distribution of the vertebrate fossil localities and areas reported before the present manuscript. 1, Cerro de la Virgen; 2, Petlalcingo area; 3, Wieland´s area; 4, Amoltepec area; 5, Papalutla; 6; La Lobera; 7, Yosobé (6 and 7 are new localities reported in the present paper).

FIGURE 5 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 5. Yosobé locality. 1, general view of this locality showing the limestone layers (arrows) and fossil-bearing shale strata (between the arrows), and part of the village of Tlaxiaco in background. 2, bituminous and fossiliferous shale layers at Yosobé with some nodules in situ (arrows).

FIGURE 9 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 9. Trunk remains of a Pleuropholidae fish, specimen IGM 9323 from Yosobé. Abbreviations: fsc, body-flak scales; rsc, rhomboidal scales.

FIGURE 4 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 4. Geologic map and lithostratigraphical column of Yosobé. M, Marl stratum; L1-L8, limestone strata; the intermediate strata (L1-L2, L2-L3, ... L7-L8) are the bituminous shales layers that carry the vertebrate assemblage of Yosobé.

FIGURE 8 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 8. Jurassic remains of Ginglymondi fishes from localities near Tlaxiaco. 1-4, Scheenstia sp., specimen IGM 9320 from Tithonian strata of La Lobera, including a group of disarticulated scales (1), isolated scale (2), and a possible fragment of a vomer with teeth (in ventral view and lateral view, 3 and 4, respectively). 5, isolated scale of an undetermined Lepisosteiform described here as Morphotype 1, specimen IGM 9321 from Kimmeridgian strata of Yosobé. 6-7, scales of both sides of the body of an undetermined Lepisosteiform described here as Morphotype 2, specimen IGM 9322 from Kimmeridgian strata of Yosobé. Abbreviations: adp, anterior dorsal process; avp, anterior ventral process; dp, dorsal process; arrows indicate the anterior edge of the scales.

FIGURE 7 in Late Jurassic marine vertebrates from Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico

FIGURE 7. Gyrodus sp., specimen IGM 9318 from Yosobé. 1, general view. 2, close up of possible vomerine teeth. Abbreviations: dsoc, dermosupraoccipital; fr, frontal; hm, hyomandibular; op, opercle; pa, parietal; pop, preopercle; s, scale; sc, sclerotic.