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1,515 results for “marshes”
Decomposition, porewater, plant and animal collection, and soil temperature data in Airport Marsh, Sapelo Island, 7/2019-7/2020
Environmental gradients can affect organic matter decay within and across wetlands and contribute to spatial heterogeneity in soil carbon stocks. We tested the sensitivity of decay rates to tidal flooding and soil depth in a minerogenic salt marsh using the tea bag index (TBI). Tea bags were buried at 10- and 50- cm along transects sited at lower, middle, and higher elevations that paralleled a headward eroding tidal creek. Plant and animal communities and soil properties were characterized once while replicate tea bags and porewaters were collected 3 and 4 times respectively over one year.
Effects of large mammal herbivory on salt marsh invertebrate communities varies with grazing type
We studied mammalian grazing (cattle, feral horses, and artificial grazing) on three barrier islands on the coast of Georgia, USA. All three grazing types altered invertebrate community composition, but in different ways. Cattle grazing had the most negative impact on plant height, chlorophyll content and toughness, and on the density and diversity of invertebrates, while artificial grazing produced some positive effects on planthoppers, herbivorous Chaetopsis spp. flies, and spiders. Although the responses to grazing of some plant traits and some invertebrate taxa were variable, plant height and katydid (Orchelimum fidicinium) density were consistently reduced by the three grazing types. Katydids did not have a feeding preference for grazed versus ungrazed plants, but grew better on ungrazed plants.
Georgia Salt Marsh: Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Bulk Density, Moisture, and Texture
As part of project predicting soil carbon at depth from that found at the surface using remote sensing, 28 soil cores were taken from six salt marshes along the Georgia coastline. Cores were taken as deep as possible (25 – 165 cm) and sectioned into 5 cm depths. Soils were analyzed for organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), bulk density (BD), and particle size (by horizon). Stable carbon isotopes were obtained in three marshes on Sapelo Island; a subset was also analyzed for radiocarbon.
Eddy covariance (EC) vertical carbon fluxes from a Georgia tidal salt marsh from 2014 to 2024
We present our methodology and data for science ready vertical carbon fluxes from a Spartina alterniflora tidal salt marsh as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Vertical carbon fluxes were measured through the eddy covariance (EC) method from 2014 to 2024. The EC flux tower was located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. The proportional influence of marsh habitats on the flux measurements were 4% tall, 38% short, and 58% medium height form Spartina alterniflora. We present the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross primary production (GPP) at 30-minute fluxes (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), daily averages (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and totals (g C m-2 day-1), and annual (g C m-2 year-1) quantities. We provide estimated uncertainty for each flux at each integrated timescale as 95% confidence intervals. Providing open access to 10-year carbon flux datasets can facilitate collaboration for advancing regional and global blue carbon synthesis and scale-up studies.
Habitat range and phenotypic variation in twelve salt marsh plants on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA.
We measured traits of twelve salt marsh plant species at sites around Sapelo Island GA in August of 1999. Plant species represent six families - Asteraceae: Aster tenuifolius L., Borrichia frutescens L., Iva frutescens L.; Bataceae: Batis maritima L.; Chenopodiaceae: Salicornia bigelovii Torrey, Salicornia virginica L.; Juncaceae: Juncus roemerianus Scheele; Plumbaginaceae: Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton; Poaceae: Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl., Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth; all nomenclature follows Radford et al. (1968). Soil cores were taken adjacent to each plant to measure soil water content, porewater salinity, and organic content.
Annual monitoring of high marsh plots dominated by Juncus and Borrichia at the GCE LTER from 2013 - 2025
Annual monitoring of high marsh plots dominated by Juncus and Borrichia. Plots were established at GCE sites 6 and 10 in 2013, and are monitored annually. The goal is to determine how annual variation in climate and other abiotic factors affects the vegetation composition.
Annual monitoring of mid-marsh grazing scar at eight GCE LTER sampling sites from 2017 - 2025
Damage by chewing herbivores (grazing scars) was measured at eight sampling sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER study area annually in July. Visual surveys were conducted along 8 2m by 10m transects randomly allocated within the mid-marsh zone at each site. Herbivore damage was measured by visually estimating the percent area of leaves missing (grazing scars) to haphazardly chosen leaves along the transect. This survey was conducted as part of the GCE invertebrate monitoring program, and will be performed annually to assess long-term changes in relative species abundances across the GCE study area. In 2024 only 3 sites were sampled due to time and weather constraints.
Long-term monitoring of seven high marsh plant mixtures on Sapelo Island GA
We set up plots (1x2m) in 1996 in mixtures or on vegetation borders at three sites. We set up 16 plots for each of seven mixtures - Marsh Landing (Juncus-Meadow, Spartina-Meadow, and Spartina-Batis mixtures), Teal Boardwalk (Juncus-Spartina mixture) and Shell Hammock (Juncus-Spartina, Juncus-Meadow, and Spartina-Meadow mixtures). Half were watered with fresh water 3 times per week (W) and half were controls (C). Watering stopped in April 2000. Plots were monitored to document changes in plant community composition (percent cover) over time.
Fall 2022 grasshopper monitoring -- mid-marsh grasshopper abundance and species diversity at eight GCE LTER sampling sites
Grasshopper abundance and species diversity were investigated at eight sampling sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER study area in July 2022. Visual surveys were conducted along 8 2m by 10m transects randomly allocated within the mid-marsh zone at each site. All grasshoppers observed within each transect were counted and identified to species, if possible. This survey was conducted as part of the GCE invertebrate monitoring program, and will be performed annually to assess long-term changes in relative species abundances across the GCE study area.
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
We analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of slump blocks within Dean Creek, a creek located on Sapelo Island (GA) and surrounded by salt marsh. To accomplish this, we utilized 11 images of Dean Creek captured between March 2020 and March 2021, which were acquired by using a DJI Matrice 210 UAV. For each image, we manually digitized the perimeters of slump blocks, which have the distance from intact marsh boundary exceeding 0.3 m. These digitized perimeters were subsequently converted into polygons to determine the size, number and cumulative area of slump blocks in each image. Temporal changes to the slump blocks between subsequent images were also analysed. The coordinate system of these polygon data is WGS 1984 UTM Zone 17N.
Fall 2023 grasshopper monitoring -- mid-marsh grasshopper abundance and species diversity at eight GCE LTER sampling sites
Grasshopper abundance and species diversity were investigated at eight sampling sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER study area in August 2023. Visual surveys were conducted along 8 2m by 10m transects randomly allocated within the mid-marsh zone at each site. All grasshoppers observed within each transect were counted and identified to species, if possible. This survey was conducted as part of the GCE invertebrate monitoring program, and will be performed annually to assess long-term changes in relative species abundances across the GCE study area.
Fall 2024 grasshopper monitoring -- mid-marsh grasshopper abundance and species diversity at eight GCE LTER sampling sites
Grasshopper abundance and species diversity were investigated at eight sites within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems (GCE) LTER study area in August 2024. Visual surveys were conducted along eight 2m by 10m transects randomly located within the mid-marsh zone at each site. All grasshoppers observed within each transect were counted and identified to species, if possible. This survey is conducted annually to assess spatial patterns of grasshopper abundance and long-term changes in relative species abundances across the GCE study area. In 2024, only 3 sites were sampled due to time and weather constraints.
Comparing vertical accretion, organic carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen burial between a natural, never diked tidal salt marsh and a hydrologically restored tidal salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia.
Restoration of tidal marshes throughout the 20th century have attempted to bring back important functions of natural tidal systems. In this study, vertical accretion, organic carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen burial were compared between a natural, never diked tidal salt marsh and a hydrologically restored tidal salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia to examine the impacts of restoration years later. On Sapelo Island there are two marshes near the University of Georgia Marine Institute, one of which is a natural marsh, and one of which is a restored marsh. The restored marsh had been diked in 1948, and the dike was breached, allowing for the marsh to be restored, in 1956. Soil cores were collected from both marshes, and the sediments were analysed for Nitrogen and Carbon concentrations and bulk density. This analysis was used to determine accretion rates for the two marshes as well as changes in the restored marsh since the dike was breached. Nitrogen burial, carbon sequestration, and soil accretion in the restored marsh as compared to the natural marsh were the focus of this study.
Elevation and soil salinity transects at Airport Marsh and Old Beach Road on Sapelo Island, Georgia in 2001
To examine the relationship between elevation and soil characteristics, I sampled two sites on Sapelo Island (Old Beach Road and Airport Marsh) in July of 2001. At each site, I collected 160 soil samples across a transect from the high to the low marsh, and surveyed the relative elevation of each sample location with a theodolite. I determined soil water content gravimetrically, soil organic content by ashing samples, and soil salinity by rehydrating dried soils, adding deionized water, measuring the salinity of the supernatant, and back calculating to the original soil water content.
Borrichia removal experiment at Dean Creek marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia between 1995 and 2001
To examine the effect of Borrichia on Batis and Sarcocornia sp., I completely clipped all vegetation from six 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrats in a mixed stand of the three species at the Dean Creek marsh in June 1995. Six additional plots were left unmanipulated as controls. Removal and control plots were fully interspersed. I clipped Borrichia from the removal plots every 6 months but allowed other plant species to re-colonize.
Marsh vegetation and soil survey at Marsh Landing, Sapelo Island GA from July 1999.
To document edaphic and vegetation patterns in a Georgia marsh, I sampled seven vegetation "zones" at Marsh Landing on Sapelo Island in July, 1999. Vegetation zones were delineated based on vegetation composition. I located 8 transects running from the Juncus zone in the high marsh down into the short S. alterniflora zone. The tall Spartina zone was not sampled. I sampled a single quadrat (0.25 m x 0.25 m) in each vegetation zone along each transect, for a total of 56 plots. I measured canopy height with a meter stick. I harvested aboveground biomass within each quadrat, sorted it to species, dried and weighed it. I measured soil water content gravimetrically by drying surface (4 cm deep) soil cores and expressing results as (water mass)/(mass of wet core). I determined porewater salinity by rehydrating dried soil cores with a known volume of deionized water, measuring the salinity of the supernatant after 48 h, and back-calculating to the volume of water originally present. I measured soil organic content as loss on ignition of dried soil cores at 450oC for 12 h. I measured relative elevation of each vegetation zone with a theodolite, with the elevation of the lowest zone arbitrarily set to zero. The resulting dataset describes how plant species composition, richness, height and biomass varies as a function of abiotic conditions in the upper part of a Georgia marsh.
PIE LTER surface elevation table (SET) pin height data from twelve marsh sites in northeast Massachusetts.
Surface elevation table (SET) measurements from 26 SETs at 9 marsh sites in the Plum Island Sound Long-Term Ecological Research Site in the Great Marsh, Massachusetts. SET measurements are useful for determining the relative elevation change of marsh sediments. Precise measurements of sediment elevation in marshes is useful for determining rates of elevation change in response to changes in sea level.
PIE LTER 5-minute marsh water table height at Shad Creek, Rowley, MA from May-November 2020.
Measurements of water table height in the Shad Creek marsh located near the Shad Creek eddy flux tower, Rowley, MA. Measurements were taken every 5 minutes at each logger along a transect of water level loggers running perpendicular to the Shad Creek stream bank at Shad Creek from May-November 2020.
PIE LTER 5-minute marsh water table height at Shad Creek, Rowley, MA from April-October 2021.
Measurements of water table height in the Shad Creek marsh located near the Shad Creek eddy flux tower, Rowley, MA. Measurements were taken every 5 minutes at each logger along a transect of water level loggers running perpendicular to the Shad Creek stream bank at Shad Creek Island from April-October 2021.
PIE LTER 10-minute marsh water table height at Shad Creek, Rowley, MA from May-November 2023.
Measurements of water table height in the Shad Creek marsh located near the Shad Creek eddy flux tower, Rowley, MA. Measurements were taken every 10 minutes at each logger along a transect of water level loggers running perpendicular to the Shad Creek stream bank at Shad Creek from May-November 2023.
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