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671 results for “mediating effect”
Fig. 6 in Effects of the interannual variations in the flood pulse mediated by hypoxia tolerance: the case of the fish assemblages in the upper Paraná River floodplain
Fig. 6. Relationships between each assemblage attribute and dissolved oxygen, in years of short (white) and moderate floods (black). Attributes where either calculated for the entire fish assemblage (STH+SIH) (a-c) and for the subsets of STH (d-f) and SIH (g-i). Numbers 1-6 are codes of the sampling stations (see Fig. 1).
Datasets of the paper "Retrieval-Mediated Directed Forgetting in the Item-Method Paradigm: The Effect of Semantic Cues"
<p>Data sets and analyses scripts of the paper "Retrieval-Mediated Directed Forgetting in the Item-Method Paradigm: The Effect of Semantic Cues".</p>
Online Supplemental Tables - An atlas of genome-wide gene expression and metabolite associations and possible mediation effects towards body mass index
<p>Summary statistics of metabolite-gene expression associations and mediation analyses of effects on body mass index.</p> <p>The corresponding publication is currently under revision.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 1</strong>: Gene expression-metabolite association summary statistics from 97 metabolites and metabolite ratios and up to 15175 genes calculated seperately in the LIFE-Adult, LIFE-Heart, LIFE-AMI and the Sorb studies. Associations were adjusted for six covariates.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 2</strong>: Random-effects meta-analyzed gene expression-metabolite association summary statistics. P-Values were adjusted for multiple testing using a hierarchical adjustment procedure both on local (within phenotypes) and on global (across phenotypes) level.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 3</strong>: Single-study association results needed for checking mediation analysis assumptions and for calculating mediation statistics. Only gene expression probe-metabolite pairs that associated significantly at hierarchical FDR=5% in the gene-expression-metabolite association meta-analysis qualified for these associations.The following Associations were tested: gene expression probes ~ metabolites, log-BMI ~ metabolites log-BMI ~ gene expression, log-BMI ~ gene expression + metabolite. Associations were adjusted for six covariates. P-values</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 4</strong>: Meta-analyzed association results needed for checking mediation analysis assumptions and for calculation mediation statistics.</li> <li><strong>Online Supplemental Table 5: </strong>Mediation analysis summary statistics. Mediations of gene expression effects (exposure) via metabolite effects (mediatior) and of metabolite effects (exposure) via gene expression effects (mediator) on body mass index (outcome) were tested.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
<p>1. Crop diversification offers a promising solution to meet expanding global food demands while maintaining ecosystem services. Diversification strategies that employ mixed planting to reduce pest damage (e.g., intercropping), termed "associational effects" (AE) in the ecological literature, can decrease (associational resistance) or increase (associational susceptibility) herbivore abundance on a focal plant. While application of AE to agroecosystems typically reduces pest abundance, the range of outcomes varies widely.</p> <p>2. We conducted a meta-analysis using 272 estimates of insect herbivore abundance on crops neighbored by a conspecific or heterospecific from 44 studies undertaken on six continents. We focus on four agricultural crops well-represented from sites across the globe to test hypotheses related to understanding how herbivore traits (diet breadth, feeding guild, origin), plant traits (crop type, phylogenetic distance to neighbor), and environmental context (climate, experimental design) contribute to variation in the outcomes of associational effects.</p> <p>3. Overall, bicultures provided a strong reduction of insect abundance on the focal crop. Climate and interactions between herbivore traits, particularly diet breadth and origin, and plant traits or environmental context mediated the strength of associational effects.</p> <p>4. Bicultures provided the strongest reductions in insect abundance at low latitudes and this effect decreased at higher latitudes, but only for insects with certain traits. Abundance of generalist herbivores and globally distributed pests tended to be most strongly negatively affected by bicultures, under certain contexts, whereas specialist herbivores and native pests were less affected by neighbors.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and application. This meta-analysis highlights that variability in AE is determined in part by the interactive effects of herbivore traits and environmental context and provides guidance for incorporating beneficial ecological interactions into integrated pest management strategies.</p>
Stage-mediated priority effects and season lengths shape long-term competition dynamics
<p>The relative arrival time of species can affect their interactions and thus determine which species persist in a community. Although this phenomenon, called priority effect, is widespread in natural communities, it is unclear how it depends on the length of growing season. Using a seasonal stage-structured model, we show that differences in stages of interacting species could generate priority effects by altering the strength of stabilizing and equalizing coexistence mechanisms, changing outcomes between exclusion, coexistence, and positive frequency dependence. However, these priority effects are strongest in systems with just one or a few generations per season and diminish in systems where many overlapping generations per season dilute the importance of stage-specific interactions. Our model reveals a novel link between the number of generations in a season and the consequences of priority effects, suggesting that consequences of phenological shifts driven by climate change should depend on specific life histories of organisms.</p>
Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: a review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics
<p>Human activities have increased the intensity and frequency of natural stressors and created novel stressors, altering host-pathogen interactions, and changing the risk of emerging infectious diseases. Despite the ubiquity of such anthropogenic impacts, predicting the directionality of outcomes has proven challenging. Here, we conduct a review and meta-analysis to determine the primary mechanisms through which stressors affect host-pathogen interactions and to evaluate the impacts stress has on host fitness (survival and fecundity) and pathogen infectivity (prevalence and intensity). We assessed 891 effect sizes from 71 host species (representing seven taxonomic groups) and 78 parasite taxa from 98 studies. We found that infected and uninfected hosts had similar sensitivity to stressors and that responses varied according to stressor type. Specifically, limited resources compromised host fecundity and decreased pathogen intensity, while abiotic environmental stressors (e.g., temperature and salinity) decreased host survivorship and increased pathogen intensity, and pollution increased mortality but decreased pathogen prevalence. We then used our meta-analysis results to develop Susceptible-Infected theoretical models to illustrate scenarios where infection rates are expected to increase or decrease in response to resource limitation or environmental stress gradients. Our results carry implications for conservation and disease emergence and reveal areas for future work. </p>
Species richness: a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality
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Data for: Effective population size mediates the impact of pollination services on pollen limitation
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The effect of experimental pollinator decline on pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits
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Stage-mediated priority effects and season lengths shape long-term competition dynamics
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Environmental context and herbivore traits mediate the strength of associational effects in a meta-analysis of crop diversity
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Population density and timing of breeding mediate effects of early life conditions on recruitment
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Data from: Seed fate in ant-mediated dispersal: Seed dispersal effectiveness in the Ectatomma ruidum (Formicidae) - Zanthoyxlum ekmanii (Rutaceae) system
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Grow fast but don’t die young: maternal effects mediate life-history tradeoffs of lizards under climate warming
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Host-pathogen interactions under pressure: a review and meta-analysis of stress-mediated effects on disease dynamics
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Data from: Non-consumptive predator effects modify crayfish induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: field and mesocosm experiments
1. We addressed the implications of limb loss and regeneration for multi-species interactions and their impacts on ecosystem engineering in freshwater stream environments. 2. We included regenerative and non-regenerative crayfish as well as fish predators in a 2x2 factorial design to assess the effects on water turbidity of interactions between crayfish ecosystem engineers differing in regenerative status and their fish predators. 3. We demonstrated that crayfish limb loss and predation risks lead to more turbidity in field and mesocosm conditions. Moreover, ongoing regeneration of crayfish increased turbidity, while fish presence seemed to hinder crayfish turbidity-inducing behaviors (such as tail-flipping and burrowing) in the mesocosm experiment. 4. We confirmed that greater numbers of crayfish produce a greater amount of turbidity in-situ in streams. 5. Although mechanical burrowing crayfish capacities may depend on crayfish burrowing classification (primary, secondary, or tertiary), our work emphasizes the implication for turbidity levels of crayfish autotomy in freshwater streams.
Strength in numbers? Cytotype frequency mediates effect of reproductive barriers in mixed-ploidy arrays.
When differentiated lineages come into contact, their fates depend on demographic and reproductive factors. These factors have been well-studied in taxa of the same ploidy, but less is known about sympatric lineages that differ in ploidy, particularly with respect to demographic factors. We assessed prezygotic, postzygotic, and total reproductive isolation in naturally-pollinated arrays of diploid-tetraploid and tetraploid-hexaploid population mixes of Campanula rotundifolia by measuring pollinator transitions, seed yield, germination rate, and proportion of hybrid offspring. Four frequencies of each cytotype were tested, and pollinators consistently overvisited rare cytotypes. Seed yield and F1 hybrid production were greater in 4X-6X arrays than 2X-4X arrays, while germination rates were similar, creating two distinct patterns of reproductive isolation. In 2X-4X arrays, postzygotic isolation was near-complete (3% hybrid offspring), and prezygotic isolation associated with pollinator preference is expected to facilitate the persistence of minority cytotypes. However, in 4X-6X arrays where postzygotic isolation permitted hybrid formation (44% hybrids), pollinator behavior drove patterns of reproductive isolation, with rare cytotypes being more isolated and greater gene flow expected from rare into common cytotypes. In polyploid complexes, both the specific cytotypes in contact and local cytotype frequency, likely reflecting spatial demography, will influence likelihood of gene exchange.
Data from: They like it cold, but only in winter: climate‐mediated effects on a hibernator
<ol> <li>Variations in ambient temperature (T<sub>a</sub>) profoundly influence energy consumption in endotherms and therefore their survival and fitness. But depending on whether endotherms are hibernating or active, the same changes in T<sub>a</sub> may have opposing consequences for their energy consumption.</li> <li>The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how variations in T<sub>a</sub>, occurring during hibernation and during the active period of a hibernator, affect different fitness relevant traits.</li> <li>To understand whether changes in T<sub>a</sub> impact phenology, body mass and reproduction in a small mammalian hibernator, we analysed T<sub>a</sub> variations and detailed capture-mark-recapture data on edible dormice (Glis glis) collected between 1993 and 2016 in South-West Germany.</li> <li>Results revealed that during hibernation a T<sub>a</sub> increase of 1°C advanced the date of first capture after hibernation by 6 days, but only if food availability during the preceding year was low. In contrast, after years of comparatively high food availability, date of first capture was not affected by T<sub>a</sub>, but dormice had a significantly lower body mass after emergence, if T<sub>a</sub> during hibernation was elevated (3 to 6g per 1°C). We presume that an earlier emergence as well as a lower body mass after emergence potentially reduce the chance to survive.</li> <li>During the active period of edible dormice, mean spring T<sub>a</sub> a did not affect the date of birth but was positively associated with litter size, potentially improving reproductive success.</li> <li>Results of this study highlight that, depending on the physiological state of a hibernator, an increase in T<sub>a</sub> can have positive and negative effects on fitness relevant traits.</li> </ol>
Data from: Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild
<p class="western">High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies (<i>Protopiophila litigata</i>) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that 'silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.</p>
Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a mediator of the effects of a supergene on social behavior
<p>Supergenes, or linked groups of alleles that are inherited together, present excellent opportunities to understand gene-behavior relationships. In white-throated sparrows (<i>Zonotrichia albicollis</i>), a supergene on the second chromosome associates with a more aggressive and less parental phenotype. This supergene includes the gene for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide known to play a causal role in both aggression and parental behavior. Here, using a free-living population, we compared levels of VIP mRNA between birds with and without the supergene. We focused on the anterior hypothalamus and infundibular region, two brain regions containing VIP neurons known to play a causal role in aggression and parental behavior, respectively. First, we show that the supergene enhances VIP expression in the anterior hypothalamus and that expression positively predicts vocal aggression independently of genotype in both sexes. Next, we show that the supergene reduces VIP expression in the infundibular region, which suggests reduced secretion of prolactin, a pro-parental hormone. Thus, patterns of VIP expression in these two regions are consistent with the enhanced aggression and reduced parental behavior of birds with the supergene allele. Our results illustrate mechanisms by which elements of genomic architecture, such as supergenes, can contribute to the evolution of alternative behavioral phenotypes.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.