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33 results for “megafires”
Supplementary material 6 from: Jones GM, Gutiérrez RJ, Kramer HA, Tempel DJ, Berigan William J, Whitmore Sheila A, Peery MZ (2019) Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018). Nature Conservation 37: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32741
: Data type: Representative photographs of two spotted owl nest areas burned at high fire severity during the King Fire (2014) and three general areas within the Eldorado Study Area in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA that depict three general fire severity classes of this fire.
Supplementary material 3 from: Jones GM, Gutiérrez RJ, Kramer HA, Tempel DJ, Berigan William J, Whitmore Sheila A, Peery MZ (2019) Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018). Nature Conservation 37: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32741
: Data type: Representative photographs of two spotted owl nest areas burned at high fire severity during the King Fire (2014) and three general areas within the Eldorado Study Area in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA that depict three general fire severity classes of this fire.
Supplementary material 1 from: Jones GM, Gutiérrez RJ, Kramer HA, Tempel DJ, Berigan William J, Whitmore Sheila A, Peery MZ (2019) Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018). Nature Conservation 37: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32741
: Data type: Representative photographs of two spotted owl nest areas burned at high fire severity during the King Fire (2014) and three general areas within the Eldorado Study Area in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA that depict three general fire severity classes of this fire.
Supplementary material 5 from: Jones GM, Gutiérrez RJ, Kramer HA, Tempel DJ, Berigan William J, Whitmore Sheila A, Peery MZ (2019) Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018). Nature Conservation 37: 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.37.32741
: Data type: Representative photographs of two spotted owl nest areas burned at high fire severity during the King Fire (2014) and three general areas within the Eldorado Study Area in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA that depict three general fire severity classes of this fire.
Poor quality monitoring data underestimate the impact of Australia's megafires on a critically endangered songbird
<p>Aim: Catastrophic events such as south-eastern Australia's 2019/20 megafires are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Rapid, well-informed conservation prioritisation will become increasingly crucial for minimising biodiversity losses resulting from megafires. However, such assessments are susceptible to bias, because the quality of monitoring data underpinning knowledge of species' distributions is highly variable and they fail to account for differences in life-history traits such as aggregative breeding. We aimed to assess how impact estimates of the 2019/20 megafires on the critically endangered regent honeyeater <i>Anthochaera phrygia </i>varied according to the quality of available input data and assessment methodology.</p> <p>Innovation: Using Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Mapping, we estimated the impact of the megafires on the regent honeyeater using six monitoring datasets that differ in quality and temporal span. These datasets are representative of the variable quality of monitoring data available for assessing fire impact on 326 other threatened species; most are poorly monitored and few have standardised, species-specific monitoring programs. We found that assessments based on Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and public sightings underestimated the fire impact relative to recent, targeted monitoring datasets; a MaxEnt model, sightings from a national monitoring program and nest locations since 2015. Using an impact threshold of 30% of habitat burned, regent honeyeaters would not meet this criteria using estimates derived from EOO, AOO or public sightings, but would exceed the cut-off based on estimates derived from the targeted monitoring data that account for population density.</p> <p>Main conclusions: To ensure that conservation prioritisation has the greatest capacity to minimise biodiversity losses, we highlight the need to improve targeted, threatened species monitoring. We demonstrate the importance of using recent, standardised monitoring data to estimate accurately the impact of major ecological disturbances, particularly for declining, nomadic species undergoing range contractions.</p>
Data from: Megafires attract avian scavenging but carcasses still persist
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Responding to the biodiversity impacts of a megafire: a case study from south-eastern Australia’s Black Summer
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High fire frequency and the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity
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Poor quality monitoring data underestimate the impact of Australia’s megafires on a critically endangered songbird
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Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
<p class="Disstext">Temperature at fine spatial scales is an important driver of nest site selection for many avian species during the breeding season and can influence nest success. Sagebrush (<i>Artemisia spp.</i>) communities have areas with high levels of vegetation heterogeneity and high thermal variation; however, fire removes vegetation that provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. To examine the influence of microclimates on Greater Sage-Grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) nest site selection and nest success in a fire affected landscape, we measured black bulb temperature (<i>T<sub>bb</sub></i>) and vegetation attributes (e.g. visual obstruction) at 3 spatial scales (i.e. nest bowl, microsite, and landscape) in unburned and burned areas. Nest bowls exhibited greater buffering of <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> than both nearby microsites and the broader landscape. Notably, nest bowls were warmer in cold temperatures, and cooler in hot temperatures, than nearby microsites and the broader landscape, regardless of burn stage. Nest survival (NS) was higher for nests in unburned areas compared to nests in burned areas (unburned NS = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.54; burned NS = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.46). Amount of bare ground was negatively associated with nest survival, but effects diminished as the amount of bare ground reached very low levels. Shrub height and visual obstruction were positively associated with nest survival during the entire study period whereas, minimum <i>T<sub>bb</sub></i> had a weaker effect. Our findings demonstrate that thermoregulatory selection by Greater Sage-Grouse at nest sites had marginal effects on their nest survival. However, given that increases in vegetation structure (e.g. shrub height) provide thermal refuge and increase nest survival, vegetation remnants or regeneration in a post-fire landscape could be critical to Greater Sage-Grouse nesting ecology.</p>
Taxonomic revision reveals potential impacts of Black Summer megafires on a cryptic species
<p><b>Context:</b> Sound taxonomy is the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Without a fundamental understanding of species delimitations, as well as their distributions and ecological requirements, our ability to conserve them is drastically impeded. Cryptic species – two or more distinct species currently classified as a single species – present a significant challenge to biodiversity conservation. How do we assess the conservation status and address potential drivers of extinction if we are unaware of a species' existence? Here, we present a case where the reclassification of a species formerly considered widespread and secure – the sugar glider (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) – has dramatically increased our understanding of the potential impacts of the catastrophic 2019–20 Australian megafires to this species.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We modelled and mapped the distribution of the former and reclassified sugar glider (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>). We then compared the proportional overlap of fire severity classes between the former and reclassified distribution, and intersect habitat suitability and fire severity to help identify areas of important habitat following the 2019–20 fires.</p> <p><b>Key Results:</b> Taxonomic revision means that the distribution of this iconic species appears to have been reduced to 8% of its formerly accepted range. Whereas the 2019–20 Australian megafires overlapped with 8% of the formerly accepted range, they overlapped with 33% of the proposed range of the redefined <i>Petaurus breviceps</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our study serves as a sombre example of the substantial risk of underestimating impacts of mega-disturbance on cryptic species, and hence the urgent need for cataloguing Earth's biodiversity in the age of megafire.</p>
Greater Sage-grouse nest bowls buffer microclimate in a post-megafire landscape although effects on nest survival are marginal
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Taxonomic revision reveals potential impacts of Black Summer megafires on a cryptic species
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