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135 results for “metropolitan area”
Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012
Waterways are often the focus of restoration efforts in urban areas. In arid regions, passive discharge of urban water sources may stimulate the recovery or growth of wetland and riparian features in dewatered or ephemeral aquatic systems. In the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA), sections of the Salt and Gila Rivers have been the targets of active restoration through seeding, planting, and irrigation. At the same time, revegetation has occurred in some sections of the rivers in response to runoff from urban water sources (e.g., storm drains). This dataset catalogs the results of herpetological surveys conducted at several locations along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and around the GPMA beginning in March 2012. Survey locations include riparian areas in urban and non-urban locations that have been (actively) restored or have revegetated in response to urban runoff, and that feature ephemeral or perennial sources of water. This is a long-term monitoring effort of the CAP LTER with on-going data collection.
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013
Waterways are often the focus of restoration efforts in urban areas. In arid regions, passive discharge of urban water sources may stimulate the recovery or growth of wetland and riparian features in dewatered or ephemeral aquatic systems. In the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA), sections of the Salt and Gila Rivers have been the targets of active restoration through seeding, planting, and irrigation. At the same time, revegetation has occurred in some sections of the rivers in response to runoff from urban water sources (e.g., storm drains). This dataset catalogs the results of bird surveys conducted at several locations along the Salt River in and around the GPMA beginning in March 2013. Monitoring locations focus on reaches of the river with different characteristics, including: (1) urbanized with perennial water and actively restored (n=2 reaches), (2) urbanized with perennial water and passively restored (n=2 reaches), (3) urbanized with ephemeral water but not restored (n=2 reaches), and (4) non-urban reference areas with perennial water (n=1 reach). This program expands on bird monitoring that the CAP LTER conducts at other locations in and around the GPMA, and complements herpetological surveys that are performed at these locations along the Salt River where the bird surveys are performed. This is a long-term monitoring effort of the CAP LTER with on-going data collection.
Composited land surface temperature of the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert derived from cloud-free, summer (June, July, and August) Landsat imagery: 1985-2020
This project calculates land surface temperature (LST) from remotely sensed imagery. The intent is to extend the previous version of the LST data for the CAP LTER study area in central Arizona, USA to include 2020 and update the products so that they are based on a composite of images from each year (all available cloud-free acquisitions from June, July, and August) in the analysis to reduce the potential for outlier images or pixels to impact analyses. The aim is to make updated LST data accessible to stakeholders and researchers studying the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area. LST is calculated from cloud-free Landsat 5 and 8 imagery (30m resolution) from summer months (June, July, and August) in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. All images are cropped to the CAP LTER study area boundary.
Urban Ecological Infrastructure (UEI) in the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert region (2010-2017)
Urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) encompasses all infrastructure in a city that supports ecological structure and function, and by extension, provides ecosystem services to urban residents and is a broad, all-encompassing concept for "nature in cities". This idea includes commonly recognized forms of infrastructure, such as parks, residential yards, community gardens, lakes and rivers, and street trees. But UEI also includes less recognized forms, such as vacant lots, agricultural fields, canals, and water retention basins. Despite being widely recognized as important to urban landscapes, the wide variety, and various forms of urban ecological infrastructure are rarely documented in a single source. To address this, we consolidated various aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland UEI throughout the Phoenix Metropolitan area so researchers can incorporate this UEI into project designs and models. Since people’s perceptions of UEI differ not only by the three broad classifications but also by the individual characteristics of UEI, each feature is classified not only as aquatic, terrestrial, or wetlands but also given on of fifteen unique classifications. Incorporation of UEI into both planning and research design can promote practices that increase both biodiversity and human well-being while also possibly limiting negative landscape perceptions.
Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)
This data package consists of 26 years (1998-2023) of environmental data and 22 years (2000-2022) years of bioclimatic data associated with CAP-LTER long-term point-count bird censusing sites (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4777d7f0a899f506d6d4f9b5d535ba09), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). The environmental variables include land surface temperature (LST), three spectral indices of vegetation and water – the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) – and four spectral indices of impervious surface/urbanization. Impervious surface indices include the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), the normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), the enhanced normalized differences impervious surface index (ENDISI), and the normalized impervious surface index (NISI). LST and all spectral indices were derived from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. The seven bioclimatic variables (e.g., air temperature, precipitation) were sourced from 1-km resolution gridded estimates of daily climatic data from NASA Daymet V4. We created temporally-aggregated Daymet raster images by calculating mean pixel-values for each season and year, as well as seasonally and annually summed precipitation. We summarized the values of each environmental variable by generating variously-sized (100-m, 500-m, 1000-m) buffers around each bird point count location and extracting weighted mean values of each environmental variable, with each pixel's values weighted by the proportion of its area falling within the buffer. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of s
Seasonal and annual vegetation surveys of wetlands along the Salt River in and near the greater metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona
The Salt River Biodiversity Project collects vegetation data in several urban wetlands across the Phoenix area (Arizona) along the historic channel of the Salt River. This study, along with bird and reptile monitoring (Bateman and Childers 2022, Bateman and Warren 2022), began in 2012. These biodiversity monitoring initiatives help understand how community composition, biodiversity, and ecosystem structure are changing as a result of pressures such as urbanization, climate change, and land management decisions. This dataset contains vegetation assessments from 2012 as well as a reassessment ten years later (2022 and 2023). Bateman, H. and D. Childers. 2022. Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3cc81cce91185cdeeded320c4a3528df> Accessed 2024-09-11. Bateman, H. and P. Warren. 2022. Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/070c0bec46e1336684c534f9a4034334> Accessed 2024-09-11.
Long-term composited Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) for the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA, metropolitan area and the surrounding Sonoran desert derived from annual and seasonal Landsat imagery, 1998 to 2023
Abstract ======== This data package consists of multiple decades of modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) raster data across the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) study area within metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona (USA), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). By providing a metric by which to reliably identify bodies of open water, these MNDWI data are intended to facilitate analyses of land-based environmental variables (e.g., urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature) and can also be used to track long-term and seasonal change in the coarse extent of open water as a land-cover type. MNDWI was derived, following the methods of Xu (2006), from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of the spectral index, can be found in the data package metadata (see \'Methods and Protocols\') and accompanying Javascript code. **Citations:** - Gorelick N, Hancher M, Dixon M, et al. (2017) Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment 202:18--27. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031> - Xu, H. (2006). Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. *International Journal of Remote Sensing*, *27*(14), 3025--3033. <https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179>
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in parcels of residential areas in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2010 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/653/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. In 2010, the survey was expanded to include an assessment of residential parcels overlapping the survey plot at sites in residential areas. Many of the same variables that are measured in the 30m x 30m survey plot are measured in the parcel, including an inventory of perennial plants, and the biovolume of trees. In addition, a detailed assessment of characteristics of the parcel is performed. Investigators interested in data from the broader Ecological Survey of Central Arizona that includes all survey plots should should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200' to locate those and other data related to the CAP LTER's ESCA.
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, ongoing since 1999 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/652/3. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey, formerly known as the survey 200 and renamed to ESCA in 2015, is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. A pilot survey was conducted in 1999, and the first full ESCA was conducted in 2000. The maiden survey in 2000 featured a suite of measurements that were not assessed in later surveys, including data from a portable weather station set up during the field survey at each location, organic matter decomposition, pollen,
American Residential Macrosystems - Leaf functional traits and raw data in five major metropolitan areas, 2012-2013
"We used leaf functional traits in residential yards and nearby natural areas to assess biotic ecological homogenization in five cities across the U.S. that span major ecological biomes and climatic regions: Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, and Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN."
American Residential Macrosystems - Bird community data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"This dataset includes abundance of breeding bird species recorded in residential yards and nearby natural and interstitial areas (i.e.unmanaged vegetation areas in the residential/wildland interface) in six cities across the U.S. Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Phoenix, AZ. Yards were grouped in 4 categories based on fertilizer input frequency, landscaping style and their impact on hydrology: high-input lawns, low-input lawns, wildlife-certified yards and yards with low impact on hydrology (or rain gardens). Bird data was collected via standardized 10-min point counts during the breeding season in 2017 or 2018. "
Hohokam canals as multi-use facilities: Pre-historic canal system in the central Arizona-Phoenix metropolitan area
This is the digitized version of a map of the Hohokam canal system in what is now the Phoenix metropolitan area. It is based on the thesis research by J. B. Howard (Howard, J. (1990). Paleohydraulics : techniques for modeling the operation and growth of prehistoric canal systems. Thesis (M.A.)--Arizona State University, 1990). The original paper map is based on previous archaeological data, overlayed onto USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps to recreate the canal pattern.
Morphological and nutritional characteristics of Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona (July-September 2015)
Gambel's Quail, Callipepla gambelii, are gregarious birds commonly found in the southwestern deserts of the United States and Northwestern Mexico. With expanding urbanization, these birds are often found in exurban and suburban areas where they have access to food sources that may differ from those used by birds living in rural-urban fringes. To investigate this question, we compared the morphology and nutritional physiology of quail sampled at sites varying with respect to land use and cover. We hypothesized that quail living in urbanized areas have access to a greater variety of food sources and to more stable food resources, and so are in better body condition, than quail residing in less urbanized areas. We sampled birds at locations in the Phoenix, Arizona (USA) area, that vary with respect to land use and cover types. Birds were weighed and we measured their body length and chest circumference. A blood sample was collected from the jugular vein of each individual for analysis of plasma glucose, total proteins, triglycerides, and free glycerol using commercially available kits. Consistent with our hypothesis, birds living in more urbanized environments were longer, and they had larger chest circumferences and greater circulating triglyceride concentrations than birds living in less developed areas, suggesting greater access to lipid-rich foods. In addition, the abundance of grass at the sampling sites was associated positively with plasma protein concentrations but negatively with plasma free glycerol levels. Areas with more grass may provide birds with less dietary fats than the diet of urban birds, resulting in the breakdown of triglycerides into free glycerol. These findings are the first to demonstrate an association between urbanization and the morphology and nutritional physiology of Gambel's Quail.
Butterfly heavy metal content, wing size, egg count, and brain mass in the Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP) Metropolitan Area
We collected 26 common species of butterflies across a gradient of lead pollution in the Twin Cities metropolitan area (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA). We measured their thorax lead concentrations and their body condition including wing area, number of eggs, and brain mass. We also quantified lead in the soil, host plant leaves, and air (through lichen bio-monitors) at sites where the butterflies were collected.
Odonata Assemblage in Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico (2018-2019, Wet and Dry Season)
Data comes from a project that aimed to identify the effects of urbanization on stream habitat quality and associated odonate assemblages in Puerto Rico. In this study, 16 streams along a rural to urban gradient in the San Juan Metropolitan Area were sampled. Each stream was characterized using the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP) for Puerto Rico and by analyzing their surrounding land cover. A 100-m segment of each stream was surveyed to assess adult odonate richness and abundance during the rainy and dry seasons. Adults were identified visually, and their abundance was recorded. Data is a product of: Maldonado-Benítez, Mariani-Ríos & Ramírez (2022): Effects of urbanization on Odonata assemblages in tropical island streams in San Juan, Puerto Rico. International Journal of Odonatology, 25, 31–42 doi:10.48156/1388.2022.1917163
FRAME (FoRests Among Managed Ecosystems) – Plant community and seed bank composition in forests, Philadelphia metropolitan area, USA, 2017-2019
Our study objectives were to conduct a Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) removal experiment in three forest sites experiencing different invasion intensities and to restore native plant biodiversity while preventing secondary invasion. The study was conducted in and around Newark, DE, from 2017-2019, and data collection is complete. We utilized three management strategies: invasive plant removal, removal followed by native seed addition, and removal plus native seed and mulched invasive stem addition. We investigated the similarity between seed bank species composition and existing vegetation before and after removal to assess the potential for passive restoration. Two seasons after removal, we found that simply removing rose increased native species richness, Native Floristic Quality Assessment (FQAIN), and native shrub abundance in our medium invasion site, and total species richness in our low and medium invasion sites. Compared to removal alone, native seed addition, with and without mulch addition, resulted in larger native and total species richness and FQAIN increases at all sites, larger increases in native shrub abundance and exotic species richness in our medium invasion site, and larger reductions in exotic and total shrub abundance in our low and medium invasion sites. Following removal, species similarity between seed bank and vegetation improved for all three sites. Our results indicate that removal of Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) alone increased native plant biodiversity in the medium invasion scenario, but the seed bank may not provide a large native species pool. Additional management strategies lead to improved outcomes, especially in our most invaded forest, demonstrating the need to conduct multiple plant removal treatments across forests with varying site conditions and plant invasion intensity to improve management recommendations.
American Residential Macrosystems - Soil chemistry data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"In six major U.S. metropolitan cities (Boston, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis St. Paul, and Phoenix), 1 meter soil cores were collected to evaluate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycle processes that are sensitive to land management. Laboratory methods followed those used by Raciti et al. (2011a,b) to measure microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, microbial respiration, potential net nitrogen mineralization, potential net nitrifcation, potential denitrifcation, and pools of extractable ammonium and nitrate. "
American Residential Macrosystems - Tree Survey Data for six major metropolitan areas, 2012-2013
"This dataset contains measurements and iTree output (www.itreetools.org) of woody plant species observed in residential yards and nearby natural areas. Data were collected to assess biotic ecological homogenization in six cities across the U.S. that span major ecological biomes and climatic regions: Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, and Phoenix, AZ."
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in parcels of residential areas in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2010 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/115/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/653/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. In 2010, the survey was expanded to include an assessment of residential parcels overlapping the survey plot at sites in residential areas. Many of the same variables that are measured in the 30m x 30m survey plot are measured in the parcel, including an inventory of perennial plants, and the biovolume of trees. In addition, a detailed assessment of characteristics of the parcel is performed. Investigators interested in data from the broader Ecological Survey of Central Arizona that includes all survey plots should should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200' to locate those and other data related to the CAP LTER's ESCA.
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, ongoing since 1999 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/247/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/652/3. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey, formerly known as the survey 200 and renamed to ESCA in 2015, is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. A pilot survey was conducted in 1999, and the first full ESCA was conducted in 2000. The maiden survey in 2000 featured a suite of measurements that were not assessed in later surveys, including data fr
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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