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FIGURE 9 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 9. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [S]), SEM images: (A–D) valves and (E) stem of ophicephalous pedicellariae, and (F) spine from bourrelet. Scale bars: A–D, 50 µm; E–F, 100 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 8. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [sytype]): (A–C, F) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (D–E, G–I) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B) oral view of test, (C) internal view of petal III (light-colored pores in the middle are not open on the outside of the test), (D) plates beyond ambulacrum I, (E) periproct (external view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (F) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, and (G–I) internal views of the phyllodes V, II and III, respectively. Scale bars: A, C–I, 1 mm; B, 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 1. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU): test of holotype in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, and (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes; and test of paratype in (D) aboral and (E) posterior view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 4. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 (CASIZ 222205 [neotype] [A–E]; CASIZ 112683B [F–G, I–J]; CASIZ 112683A [H]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view; SRµCT-based volume renderings of apical disc in (F) external and (G) internal view (arrows indicate calcareous ridges beneath madreporic plate), (H) of peristome in internal view, and of periproct in (I) internal and (J) external view. Scale bars: A–E, 5 mm; F–J, 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 3. Cassidulus caribaearum (?) (MNHN-IE-2013-10590 [syntype?]): photos of (A) internal and (B) external view of oral region of carapace; (C) part of the aboral region of carapace showing petal II or V (according to the position of smaller column of pore-pairs); (D) detail of phyllode I, arrows indicate sphaeridiae in enclosed pits; and drawings of internal view of phyllodes (E) V and (F) III, and (G) petal depicted in (C). Scale bars: A–C, 5 mm; D, 2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 2. Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU; all from holotype except B, F–H): (A–D, G–H) SRµCT-based volume renderings and (E–F, I–L) drawings showing (A) apical disc, (B–D) internal view of petals I–III, respectively, (E) plates beyond ambulacrum V, (F) periproct (internal view; solid white region indicates anal opening), (G) internal view of peristome and phyllodes, (H) longitudinal section of phyllode III (arrows indicate sphaeridia), and (I–L) internal views of the phyllodes V, II–IV, respectively. Scale bars: A–L, 1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 10. SRµCT-based volume renderings of bourrelets from (A–B) Cassidulus briareus sp. nov. (MP 1267 MNHWU [paratype]) and (C–F) Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): (A, C) oral view of test showing the peristome and part of the phyllodes I, III–V; dotted lines indicate region depicted in (B) and (D), i.e., cross section (x – x' axis) of bourrelet 5 on the left, and of phyllode III on the right (the inside of the test is towards the top of the page); (E) frontal cross section (y – y' axis) of test showing depression on bourrelets 2 and 3; and (F) internal view of test showing phyllodes I and V, and basicoronal 5 between them. AMB, ambulacrum; INT, interambulacrum. Scale bars: A–F, 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 7. Kassandrina malayana comb. nov. (Mortensen, 1948b) (ZMUC 236 [syntype]): photos of test in (A) aboral and (B) oral view, (C) detail of peristome and phyllodes, and test in (D) side and (E) posterior view. Kassandrina florescens comb. nov. (CASIZ 71853): test in (F) aboral and (G) oral view, and (H) detail of peristome and phyllodes. Scale bars: A–B, D–G, 10 mm; C, H, 5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 5. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 (CASIZ 222205 [neotype] [A–D, I–L]; CASIZ 112638 [E–G, M]), SEM images: (A–B) juveniles attached to the test; (C) aboral, (D) bourrelet, (E) oral and (F) miliary spines; stalk of (G) large tridentate pedicellariae (detail of projections in H), (I) small tridentate pedicellariae (detail of stereom in J), and of (K) ophicephalous pedicellariae; (L) sphaeridium; and (M) young spine. Scale bars: A–B, M, 100 µm; C–I, 200 µm; K–L, 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 in Synchrotron micro-CT scanning leads to the discovery of a new genus of morphologically conserved echinoid (Echinodermata: Cassiduloida)

FIGURE 6. Cassidulus caribaearum Lamarck, 1801 (CASIZ 222205 [neotype] [B–E, J–L]; CASIZ 112638 [A, F–I]), SEM images: valves of (A–B) triphyllous pedicellariae, (C–D) ophicephalous pedicellariae, (E–G) large tridentate pedicellariae ([H] detail of valve head), and (I–K) small tridentate pedicellariae ([L] detail of valve head). Scale bars: A–B, 15 µm; C–D, H, L, 30 µm; E–G, I–K, 100 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

Micro-CT scans of unloaded and loaded glenoid bone used for DVC

Micro-CT (mCT) scans to estimate glenoid bone strain with Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). There are 8 mCT sets of the same sample. Sets mCT1 to mCT6 are unloaded glenoid for error estimation. Sets mCT7 and mCT8 are used for strain measurement: set mCT7 is unloaded and set mCT8 corresponds to 1500 N axial loading. Scans were performed consecutively pairwise: after each scan pair, the specimen was removed from the micro-CT and repositioned. Rigid registration of the fixed side and bone masking have been performed. Scans format is MHD.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Paired X-ray Micro CT Scanning and individual foraminifera isotopic analysis reveal (de)coupled changes in carbonate preservation and temperature

To assess the coupling between drivers of isotopic variability and carbonate dissolution in foraminifera, we combine individual foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses (IFA) and X-ray MicroCT Scanning (XMCT)-based measurements of test densities (a proxy for the extent of post-depositional dissolution). As a proof-of-concept application of this approach, we analyze Globigerina bulloides tests from both coretop and downcore (latest Miocene/earliest Pliocene-aged) sediment from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) Site 1088 (Agulhas Ridge). Sediments from both the core intervals were wet-sieved over a 150 μm sieve and oven-dried at 55°C overnight. Individual tests of G. bulloides were picked from the >150 μm size fraction and gently brushed with the wet tip of a paintbrush to remove any adhering clay. Broken or partially fragmented tests were avoided. 25-50 individuals were mounted on a 1.2cm x 1 cm cardboard sample holder using double-sided carbon and imaged at a time on a Bruker Skyscan 1272 Micro-CT Scanner. In total, 123 individuals from the coretop sample and 88 individuals from the downcore sample were scanned. Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotopic compositions of individual foraminifera were measured using a Kiel Carbonate Device IV coupled to a Thermo Fisher MAT 253 Plus Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS). All individuals were weighed on a Sartorius ultramicrobalance before analysis, and only samples with mass >10 µg were analyzed as per the long-term precision setup of analyzing small quantities of carbonates on this machine. The XMCT-IFA dataset in this study consists of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of 90 foraminifera (67 coretop and 23 downcore individuals). We compare population averages of XMCT parameters and isotopic compositions from both the coretop and downcore sediments.

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Micro CT scans of TMP2023.012.0237 - Pterosaur cervical vertebra with bite mark

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publicMay 2024View details →

Figures 31-33 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 31-33 Quasicalathus, light microscopic images of the holotypes of Q. agonicollis sp. nov. (31.) and Q. conservans sp. nov. (32, 33.). 31. Ventral side of head showing chaetotaxy of mentum; 32. General view of the amber piece with fossil in dorsal view; 32. Left lateral view. Abbreviations: ce – compound eye; el – elytron; ems – external seta of submentum; gu – gula; ims – internal seta of submentum; msf – mesofemur; mt – mentum; mtf – metafemur; prf – profemur; pt – pronotum.

Figures 47-51 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 47-51 Quasicalathus elpis (Ortuño and Arillo 2009), volume rendering of specimen "Groehn 7889". 47. Dorsal aspect; 48. Left lateral aspect; 49. Ventral aspect; 50. Pronotum (the arrows point to the insertions of the lateral setae); 51. Prosternum (for better view the prolegs are partly removed using the clipping plane function of Amira software. Abbreviations: cx – procoxa; psp – prosternal process; tr – protrochanter.

Figures 6-12 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 6-12 Quasicalathus elpis (Ortuño and Arillo 2009), light microscopic images of specimens "Groehn 7889" (6–8.) and "Groehn 7962" (9–12.). 6, 10. General view of the amber pieces (in Fig. 6, only the part of the large amber piece bearing the Quasicalathus fossil is shown); 7. Ventral side of body; 8. Left mesotarsi iv + v; 9. Pronotum and anterior part of elytra, left side of body; 11, 12. Medial part of left elytron (Fig. 12 shows the enlarged part of the elytron marked by the white frame in Fig. 11; the white arrow points to the insertion of the discal seta). Abbreviations: bs – insertion of the pronotal laterobasal seta; hm – humerus; I–VIII – elytral intervals 1–8.

Figures 34-38 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 34-38 Quasicalathus elpis (Ortuño and Arillo 2009), volume rendering of specimens "Groehn 4879" (34–37.) and "Groehn 7814" (38.). 34. Dorsal aspect; 35. Right lateral aspect; 36. Ventral aspect; 37, 38. Prosternum and basal portions of prolegs. Abbreviations: cx – procoxa; fm – profemur; psp – prosternal process; tr – protrochanter.

Figures 81-89 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 81-89 Quasicalathus conservans sp. nov., volume rendering of the holotype. 81. Head, dorsal aspect (the arrows point to the insertions of the supraorbital setae); 82. Head, ventral aspect; 83. Left external part of metathorax, ventral view; 84. Submentum (the arrows point to the insertions of the four lateral setae); 85. Posterior part of prosternum and procoxae; 86. Posterior part of metasternum and metacoxae; 87–89. Preserved remains of the aedeagus (87. Right lateral aspect; 88. Dorsal aspect; 89. Left lateral aspect). Abbreviations: bb – basal bulb of aedeagal median lobe; ce – compound eye; cxp – metacoxal plate; eph – partly evaginated lobes of endophallus; gu – gula; mem – metepimeron; mes – metepisternum; mtt – mentum tooth; mv – metaventrite; pcx – procoxa; pmr –preserved distal part of right paramere of aedeagal median lobe; psp – prosternal process; sc – scutellum; sps – setae of sensory pit; tl – terminal lamella of aedeagal median lobe.

Figures 61-64 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 61-64 Quasicalathus elpis (Ortuño and Arillo 2009), volume rendering of specimens "MAIG 76" (61–63.) and "GZG 16185" (64.); 61. Dorsal aspect; 62. Right lateral aspect; 63, 64. Pronotum (the pronotal outline on left side is highlighted by dotted line in Fig. 64).

Figures 39-46 from: Schmidt J, Scholz S, Will K (2022) Character analysis and descriptions of Eocene sphodrine fossils (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using light microscopy, micro-CT scanning, and 3D imaging. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69(1): 19-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.79931

Figures 39-46 Quasicalathus elpis (Ortuño and Arillo 2009), volume rendering of specimen "Groehn 7814" using different grey scales of the Amira software. 39. Dorsal aspect; 40. Lateral aspect. The displaced aedeagus (highlighted by red colour) was separated by the segmentation function of Amira software in Figures 39 and 40; 41. Head (the arrows point to the insertions of the supraorbital setae); 42. Pronotum (the arrows point to the insertions of the lateral setae); 43–46. Remains of the aedeagus in right lateral aspect (43.); Left lateral aspect (44.); Left lateral aspect (45.); Dorsal aspect (46.). The distal margins of the styloid apophysis of the right paramere in Fig. 43 and the lobate apophysis of the left paramere in Fig. 45 are highlighted by red dotted lines. Abbreviations: bb – basal bulb of aedeagal median lobe; os – distal ostium; pml – left paramere; pmr – right paramere; tl – terminal lamella of median lobe.