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CFRP Micro-computed tomography - twill weave

<p>A dataset containing three micro-computed tomography scans of a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer. The composites consist of twill weave reinforcement and epoxy matrix. Two samples (P1 and P3) have random stacking sequences, sample P5 has controlled stacking sequence. The uploaded dataset contains metadata files.</p>

Figure 4 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 4. Pharyngeal anatomy of Syllidae: Syllis gracilis (a-c, PTA stained) and Hediste diversicolor (d-h,). Syllis a) section through body showing the proventriculus; b) surface morphology, lines c where transverse section c image taken, line d where transverse section d image taken; c) TS showing pharyngeal tube; d) TS showing proventricle. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Hediste e) surface morphology; f) section through pharynx, lines g and h where transverse section images taken; g) TS through anterior pharynx at level of jaws; h) TS through distal pharynx. TS through pharynx indicates that the pharynx is not symmetrical, particularly in the distal part. Scale bars e, f = 5.00 mm, g,h = 1.00 mm. Images 1a–d were produced using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Images i-h were produced using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM (60 KV, 2 sec exposure, molybdenum target). Abbreviations used:; DLM–dorsal longitudinal muscles; J–jaws; M–mouth; P–pharynx; Pr–prostomium; PO–proventricle; PS–proboscidian sheath; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscles.

Figure 3 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 3 Pharyngeal anatomy of Hesionidae: Hesiospina similis (a-c, PTA staining); Phyllodocidae: Phyllodoce lineata (d-f, PTA staining) and Nephtyidae Nephtys hombergi (g, Iron stain, h-i, unstained). Hesiospina a) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; b) section through everted pharynx; c) TS showing distal pharynx as indicated by line in b. Phyllodoce d) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; e) section through pharynx; f) TS showing distal pharynx as indicated by line in e. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Nephtys images from three different individuals g) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; h) section showing pharynx but not everted; i) TS of distal pharynx indicated by line in h. Scale bar = 1.00 mm Hesiospina and Phyllodoce have long thin pharynges while Nepthys has a medium lengthed phaynx. Only Nepthys shows the cruciform muscle arrangement in the distal pharynx, in the others the muscles do not appear to form these discrete blocks. Images 3a–f were produced using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Images 3g–i were produced using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM (60 KV, 2 sec exposure, molybdenum target.) Abbreviations used: OPM–outer pharyngeal muscles; P–pharynx; Pr–prostomium; PS–proboscidian sheath; T–teeth; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscle.

Figure 1 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 1. Transverse sections of Hediste diversicolor after treatment with reversible stains or drying agents. a) Silver stain, the gut and main muscle blocks can be seen but also showing paper material used to stabilise the specimen surrounding the central image (molybdenum target, 131 KV, 354 millisec exposure; b) iron stain, again gut and main muscles can be seen but also ventral blood vessels linking the central ventral blood vessel to the network surrounding the gut (molybdenum target, 131 KV, 500 millisec exposure); c) Iodine shows similar anatomical features as Iron stained material (molybdenum target, 130 KV, 320 millisec exposure); d) Hexamethyldisilizane (HDMS) image shows more clearly the internal anatomy including the ventral blood vessels (molybdenum target, 110 KV, 300 millisec exposure). Scale bar = 1.00 mm. Specimens were scanned using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM. Abbreviations: Ac–internal paradpodial acicula; DLM–dorsal longitudinal muscle; G–gut; Plc-V–Plexus lateral connective blood vessels; VB–ventral blood vessel; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscles

Figure 2 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 2. Pharyngeal anatomy of Glyceridae: Glycera tesselata (PTA-staining) (a–c); Pilargidae: Sigambra parva (d–f) and Polynoidae: Lepidonotus clava (g-i). Glycera a) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; b) longitudinal section through everted pharynx; c) transverse section of gut as indicated by line in b); scale bars = 0.5 mm. Sigambra d) surface morphology showing everted morphology; e) longitudinal section through the pharynx; f) transverse section through distal pharynx as indicated by the line in e); scale bars = 0.5 mm. Lepidonotus g) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; h) longitudinal section through pharynx; i) transverse section through distal pharynx as indicated by line in h); scale bar = 1.00 mm. P = pharynx. All three examples show a relatively short axial pharynx approximately as wide as long. The distal part of the pharynx is characterised by distinct muscle blocks which when contracted form a cruciform cross section. Specimens were scanned using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Abbreviations used: J–jaws; P–pharynx; PG–poison glands; Pr–prostomium; PS–proboscidian sheath; RM–ring muscle.

Figure 1 in The first extinct species of Acritus LeConte, 1853 (Histeridae: Abraeinae) from Eocene Baltic amber: a microscopic beetle inclusion studied with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Figure 1. Photomicrographs of Acritus sutirca sp. nov., holotype, no. 5541 (MAIG), habitus: (a) ventral view; (b) dorsal view; (c) left lateral view; (d) frontal view. Scale bar represents 0.2 mm.

Figure 2. X in The first extinct species of Acritus LeConte, 1853 (Histeridae: Abraeinae) from Eocene Baltic amber: a microscopic beetle inclusion studied with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Figure 2. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Acritus sutirca sp. nov., holotype, no. 5541 (MAIG), habitus: (a) dorsal view; (b) left lateral view; (c) ventral view; (d) right lateral view. Scale bar represents 0.2 mm.

Figure 4. X in The first extinct species of Acritus LeConte, 1853 (Histeridae: Abraeinae) from Eocene Baltic amber: a microscopic beetle inclusion studied with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Figure 4. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Acritus sutirca sp. nov., holotype, no. 5541 (MAIG): (a–d) aedeagus in dorsal, ventral view and lateral views; (e) antennae. Scale bar represents 0.1 mm.

Figure 3. X in The first extinct species of Acritus LeConte, 1853 (Histeridae: Abraeinae) from Eocene Baltic amber: a microscopic beetle inclusion studied with X-ray micro-computed tomography

Figure 3. X-ray micro-CT renderings of Acritus sutirca sp. nov., holotype, no. 5541 (MAIG), habitus: (a) frontal view; (b) caudal view. Scale bar represents 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: a1 – antennomere 1 (scape); ey – compound eye; py – pygidium; pp – propygidium.

Fig. 20. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 20. A. Part of a pinned Omorgus gigas (Harold, 1872) beetle a few hundred slices away from the pinned area. B. The normal morphology of the beetle is no longer visible due to the metal artefact appearing in the pinned area. Image by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 15 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 15. Polychaete specimen (Lumbrineris latreillii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834) in a composite rendering showing the location of organs of interest within the animal. Soft tissues are volume-rendered, jaws were segmented individually and surface-rendered in different colours. The coloured arrows at the upper left corner indicate the orientation of the scanned specimen in three views (x, y and z axes). Image by HCMR micro-CT lab, CC-BY Sarah Faulwetter.

Fig. 1 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the image acquisition process. Image by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) micro-CT lab.

Fig. 19 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 19. Scan of a marine worm (polychaete) with motion artefacts. The structures are not clearly defined due to specimen movement during the scanning procedure. Image by HCMR micro-CT lab.

Fig. 4 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 4. Example of the projection images resulting from the scanning process. Image by HCMR micro- CT lab.

Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 22. A. Monkey vertebra without metal support. B. A metal artefact (yellow arrow) is created due to the metal rod used to support a series of vertebrae on a mounted skeleton. Photo courtesy of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 3 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 3. The spectrum generated by an X-ray generator at 100kV with and without filtering. Image generated by the simulation environment https://www.oem-xray-components.siemens.com/x-ray-spectra-simulation.

Fig. 21. A. 3D in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 21. A. 3D model of the Omorgus gigas (Harold, 1872) beetle after a quick segmentation, including the metal artefact. B. 3D model of the same specimen after manual removal of the pin in the Dragonfly software (http://www.theobjects.com/dragonfly/). Clicking on the image opens the 3D model. Photo courtesy of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) / DIGIT-3 Belspo, CC-BY-NC-ND Jonathan Brecko.

Fig. 10. Measuring the maximum width W in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 10. Measuring the maximum width W (in pixels) of the projected specimen (as the distance from the rotation axis - dotted line - to the farthest end of the sample) to calculate the number of radiographs needed. This measurement is done for the angular position of the rotating platform where the projected specimen is the widest. For a complete rotation, the projected specimen would stay within the limits of the rectangle. Photo by MNHN.

Fig. 17 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 17. Scan of a marine worm (polychaete) without (A) and with (B) ring artefacts correction during the reconstruction procedure. The red square indicates the presence of ring artefacts which are reduced in (B) following the ring artefacts correction. Images by HCMR micro-CT lab.

Fig. 9 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols

Fig. 9. External morphology of the polychaete Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834. Specimen had been preserved in ethanol and was subsequently blotted dry on a tissue and scanned in air. The remaining ethanol (shown by arrows) can be observed clinging to the anterior end of the polychaete. Image by HCMR micro-CT lab, CC-BY Sarah Faulwetter.