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147 results for “microendemic”
Data from: Genomic data reveal ancient microendemism in forest scorpions across the California Floristic Province
The California Floristic Province (CFP) in western North America is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot. Elucidating patterns of endemism and the historical drivers of this diversity has been an important challenge of comparative phylogeography for over two decades. We generated phylogenomic data using ddRADseq to examine genetic structure in Uroctonus forest scorpions, an ecologically restricted and dispersal-limited organism widely distributed across the CFP north to the Columbia River. We coupled our genetic data with species distribution models (SDMs) to determine climatically suitable areas for Uroctonus both now and during the Last Glacial Maximum. Based on our analyses, Uroctonus is composed of two major genetic groups that likely diverged over 2 million years ago. Each of these groups itself contains numerous genetic groups that reveal a pattern of vicariance and microendemism across the CFP. Migration rates among these populations are low. SDMs suggest forest scorpion habitat has remained relatively stable over the last 21 000 years, consistent with the genetic data. Our results suggest tectonic plate rafting, mountain uplift, river drainage formation and climate-induced habitat fragmentation have all likely played a role in the diversification of Uroctonus. The intricate pattern of genetic fragmentation revealed across a temporal continuum highlights the potential of low-dispersing species to shed light on small-scale patterns of biodiversity and the underlying processes that have generated this diversity in biodiversity hotspots.
FIGURE 7 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 7. Map of Madagascar showing the east coast localities discussed in the text. Two localities only 7 km apart, Ambodivoahangy and Ambinaitelo, are depicted by a single symbol. B. ssp. refers to three separate and genetically divergent populations that require further study.
FIGURE 6 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 6. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of the advertisement call of Blommersia variabilis sp. nov. from the type locality Ambodivoahangy, recorded on 3 April 2010.
FIGURE 5 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 5. Dorsolateral (a) and ventral (b) views of the male holotype of Blommersia variabilis sp. nov. (ZSM 237/2010) in life.
FIGURE 4 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 4. Scatterplot of relative femoral gland length (FGL/SVL ratio) and relative distance between inner edges of femoral glands (FGD/SVL) in the three endemic Blommersia species of Madagascar's northern central east coast, and B. wittei. Based on measurements provided in Table 1 (B. variabilis sp. nov. and some B. wittei) and Vences et al. (2010) for B. dejongi and B. galani, as well as type specimens of B. wittei (only male specimens with complete measurement data were used). Arrow points to a putative hybrid between a female B. galani and male B. dejongi (specimen ZSM 452/2006).
FIGURE 3 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 3. Alignment of polymorphic sites in Rag1 sequences of Blommersia variabilis sp. nov., B. dejongi, B. galani and B. domerguei. Note that one specimen of B. galani (ZSM 452/2006) is a putative hybrid of B. dejongi x B. galani.
FIGURE 1. A in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 1. A maximum likelihood phylogram based on 16S rRNA variation depicting relationships among specimens of Blommersia variabilis sp. nov., as well as two closely related species. Symbols at nodes indicate maximum likelihood support/ Bayesian posterior probability/bootstrap support for maximum parsimony. Only values over 90% or 0.9 are shown (** – 100% or 1.00 pp; * –>90% or>0.9 pp).
FIGURE 2 in A new microendemic frog species of the genus Blommersia (Anura: Mantellidae) from the east coast of Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Haplotype network based on variation in Rag1 sequences in three microendemic Blommersia species from the east coast of Madagascar. Haplotypes inferred by Phase v2.1.1 software (Stephens et al. 2001; Stephens & Scheet 2005). H1-H7 denote major haplotypes.
FIGURE 4 in Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 4. Head drawings of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. (holotype, ZSM 2130/2007). (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal view. Drawings by Ruth Kühbandner.
FIGURE 6 in Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 6. Map of northern Madagascar showing localities of Madagascarophis specimens studied morphologically (see Table 1).
FIGURE 2 in Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Throat scalation in preserved specimens of Madagascarophis: (A) M. fuchsi sp. nov. (ZSM 2130/2007, holotype); (B) M. c. septentrionalis (MNHN 1985.391, holotype); (C) M. c. septentrionalis (MNHN 1985.391, paratype); (D) M. ocellatus (MNHN 1977.1056, holotype). The inframaxillaries (genials) are outlined in black. Not to scale.
FIGURE 1 in Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 1. (A) Bayesian tree of representative Madagascarophis samples, based on 2197 nucleotide positions of two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, cytochrome b) and one nuclear gene (c-mos). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given above branches, parsimony bootstrap values below branches. (B) Median-joining haplotype network of c-mos sequences. Circles represent haplotypes, short lines crossing indicate nucleotide substitutions (no heterozygous sequences were observed in the cmos data set).
FIGURE 5 in Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar
FIGURE 5. (A) Holotype of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. in life (ZSM 2130/2007). (B) Madagascarophis colubrinus septentrionalis from Windsor Castle (ZSM 2212/2007) in life, representing a typical color morph of the northernmost populations.
FIGURE 4 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 4. Boxplots comparing selected morphometric measurements and scale counts among Chalarodon madagascariensis (left, A, dark brown) and C. steinkampi sp. nov. (right, B, light brown). Plots show relative forelimb lengths (ratios to snoutvent length; RELFOL), number of dorsal crest scales (DCSC), ventral scales from chin fold to cloaca (VEN), scales around midbody (MID), number of cross bars on throat (TCB), and number of scales in contact with mental (NSCM). Test statistics are from non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis comparisons (equivalent to Mann-Whitney U-tests given only two groups are compared). In addition to these scale counts, most of which are statistically different but show overlap in values between the two species, diagnostic differences are found in the keeled vs. smooth state of ventrals and gulars (variables VK and GK in Tab. 3).
FIGURE 5 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 5. Detailed views on mental region(A–B), belly scales (C–D) and hemipenes (E–F) of Chalarodon steinkampi sp. nov. (ZSM 835/2010) in comparison with C. madagascariensis (ZSM 832/2010). The ulcer-like tubercles on the belly in (C) were not studied but might be due to unidentified parasites. Note the long distal lobe of the hemipenis of C. steinkampi (F) and the pair of distinctly enlarged scales posterior to the cloaca of the males (E–F). Photographs by M. Franzen.
FIGURE 6 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 6. Holotype of Chalarodon steinkampi sp. nov. (ZSM 835/2010): (A) head with parietal eye in dorsal view, (B) dorsal view, (C) ventral view. Photographs by M. Franzen.
FIGURE 3 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 3. Photographic comparisons of specimens of Chalarodon steinkampi sp. nov. (A: probably ZSM 836/2010, C: ZSM 835/2010, E: ZSM 834/2010, 835/2010, 836/2010) collected 30 km north of Amboasary with specimens of C. madagascariensis (B, D, F) collected at the closest known neighboring locality, 5 km north of Amboasary. (A–D) Specimens in life, photographed in the field and (E, F) ventral views of freshly dead specimens; (E) ZSM 834–836/2010, two paratypes and holotype of C. steinkampi; (F) ZSM 832/2010, ZSM 833/2010, and UADBA (ZCMV 12907).
FIGURE 2 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Molecular results and geographical context: (A) localities of the specimens of Chalarodon madagascariensis and C. steinkampi sp. nov. included in the molecular analyses. (B) Bayesian phylogenetic tree (see Table 1 for voucher numbers) based on the 16S mtDNA dataset and (C) haplotype network of the nDNA marker c-mos. Circles represent haplotypes (size proportional to the number of individuals), black lines represent mutational steps and black dots missing haplotypes, and brown curves represent connections between haplotypes found co-occurring in heterozygous individuals.
FIGURE 1 in A likely microendemic new species of terrestrial iguana, genus Chalarodon, from Madagascar
FIGURE 1. Designated lectotype of Chalarodon madagascariensis (ZMB 4360) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral view.
FIGURE 20 in A new microendemic species of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from southern Brazil and revalidation of Tropidurus catalanensis Gudynas & Skuk, 1983
FIGURE 20. Tropidurus torquatus from Brasília National Park, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Central Brazil (not collected).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.