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Sun compass neurons are tuned to migratory orientation in monarch butterflies
Every autumn, monarch butterflies migrate from North America to their overwintering sites in Central Mexico. To maintain their southward direction, these butterflies rely on celestial cues as orientation references. The position of the sun combined with additional skylight cues are integrated in the central complex, a region in the butterfly's brain that acts as an internal compass. However, the central complex does not solely guide the butterflies on their migration but helps monarchs in their non-migratory form manoeuvre on foraging trips through their habitat. By comparing the activity of input neurons of the central complex between migratory and non-migratory butterflies, we investigated how a different lifestyle affects the coding of orientation information in the brain. During recording, we presented the animals with different simulated celestial cues and found that the encoding of the sun was narrower in migratory compared to non-migratory butterflies. This feature might reflect the need of the migratory monarchs to rely on a precise sun compass to keep their direction during their journey. Taken together, our study sheds light on the neural coding of celestial cues and provides insights into how a compass is adapted in migratory animals to successfully steer them to their destination.
Data from: Different genetic structures revealed resident populations of a specialist parasitoid wasp in contrast to its migratory host
Genetic comparisons of parasitoids and their hosts are expected to reflect ecological and evolutionary processes that influence the interactions between species. The parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis, and its host diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, provide opportunities to test whether the specialist natural enemy migrates seasonally with its host or occurs as resident population. We genotyped 17 microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial genes for 158 female adults of C. vestalis collected from 12 geographical populations, as well as nine microsatellite loci for 127 DBM larvae from six separate sites. The samplings covered both the likely source (southern) and immigrant (northern) areas of DBM from China. Populations of C. vestalis fell into three groups, pointing to isolation in northwestern and southwestern China and strong genetic differentiation of these populations from others in central and eastern China. In contrast, DBM showed much weaker genetic differentiation and high rates of gene flow. TESS analysis identified the immigrant populations of DBM as showing admixture in northern China. Genetic disconnect between C. vestalis and its host suggests that the parasitoid did not migrate yearly with its host but likely consisted of resident populations in places where its host could not survive in winter.
NBM: an Open Dataset for the Acoustic Monitoring of Nocturnal Migratory Birds in Europe
<p>This is the dataset presented in the paper "NBM: an Open Dataset for the Acoustic Monitoring of Nocturnal Migratory Birds in Europe", which can be found here: <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03633">https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.03633</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Update 2025, June 13th</strong></p> <p>- A <strong>metadata file</strong> can now be found alongside the dataset ("metadata.csv"): it contains the recording date for original NBM files whenever available, and date and location for all but two of the files originating from Xeno-Canto. All audio samples in the train_nbm_orig folder were recorded in France, but no precise location is available for this collection.</p> <p>- Irregularities due to unconstrained text input in several annotation files have been fixed; in particular all annotated parasitic and background noise are now gathered in two classes: <strong>0: Background </strong>and<strong> 0: Other biophonia</strong>. Unidentified bird vocalizations fall under the <strong>Other </strong>category.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>File description</strong></p> <p>Files come in three directories: train_nbm_orig, train_nbm_xc and test.</p> <p>Each is composed of a list of .wav files with its .txt annotations file. All bird vocalizations are linked to a <strong>species </strong>and are annotated both in <strong>time </strong>and <strong>frequency</strong>.</p> <p>The train dataset is composed of a total of 2,077 audio files and 13,359 annotations, for a total of ~38 hours of recording. Among these, 883 files were downloaded from Xeno-canto and finely hand-annotated.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Bibtex)</p> <pre>@article{airale2024nbm, title={NBM: an Open Dataset for the Acoustic Monitoring of Nocturnal Migratory Birds in Europe}, author={Airale, Louis and Pajot, Adrien and Linossier, Juliette}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.03633}, year={2024} }<br><br></pre> <p><strong>License</strong></p> <p>This dataset is distributed under a non-commercial, non-derivative license (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Special thanks to all contributors to the initial NBM database: Adrien Pajot, Aymeric Mousseau, Christophe Mercier, Frédéric Cazaban, Gaëtan Mineau, Ghislain Riou, Guillaume Bigayon, Hervé Renaudineau, Kévin Leveque, Lionel Manceau, Mathurin Aubry, Maxence Pajot, Nidal Issa, Willy Raitière, and equal thanks to all anonymous further contributors.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Acknowledgments also go to all contributors of the Xeno-Canto database whose recordings where used to build this dataset:</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Joost van Bruggen, Ricardo Hevia, Paul Kelly, Franck Hollander, Frédéric Cazaban, Ireneusz Oleksik, Irish Wildlife Sounds, Stanislas Wroza, Cedric Mroczko, Will Scott, Sergi, Chris Batty, Martin Billard, Juha Saari, Julien Bottinelli, Mark Pearson, Uku Paal, Christophe Mercier, Thierry THOMAS, Samuel Levy, Paul Coiffard, Lluís Brotons, Jorge Leitão, Alan Dalton, David Tattersley, Xavier Riera, Lars Mogensen, Feliu López i Gelats, José Manuel Reyes Páez, Jon Sparshott, Sergi Carreras, Marta Celej, julien Rochefort, Chèvremont Fabian, MILLON Xavier, Ed Stubbs, Niels Van Doninck, Jarek Matusiak, Anthony ROUX, Dan Lombard, C PAL, Ray Tsu </span><span lang="EN-US">诸仁</span><span lang="EN-US">, Martijn Verdoes, Pierrick Devoucoux, Manceau Lionel, Lionel Manceau, Vandousselaere Patrick, Volker Arnold, Lars Edenius, Krzysztof Deoniziak, Albert Noorlander, Robert Ekman, Oriol Baena, Mr Mark Shorten, Beatrix Saadi-Varchmin, Simon Kiesé, Robert Manzano, Martin Fousert, Simon Gillings, Lisette, Marco Dragonetti, Cédric PEIGNOT, Adrien CHARBONNEAU, Gosse Hoekstra, Christian Kerihuel, Koen Lepla, Daniele Baroni, Peter van Vlaardingen, Albert Subirà, Alain Malengreau, Julien Piette, Calum Mckellar, Mikael Litsgård, Martin Grienenberger, Sven Kransel, Oliwier Myka, Susanne Kuijpers, Pierre Foulquier, Paolo Zucca, Maties, Geoffrey Monchaux, Jean COURTIN, Pere Josa, Stein Ø. Nilsen, florent yvert, John Sirrett, Toby Carter, Grzegorz Lorek, Tom Jordan, Miguel Tirado, Helder Cardoso, Ignaas Robbe, James P, Corentin Rivière, Romuald Mikusek, David Santamaría Urbano, Diego Fernandez Martinez, Tanguy Loïs, Camille Vacher, Frank Pierik, Testaert Dominique, Piotr Szczypinski, Rafael Costas, Patrick Franke, Ad Hilders, J. Veeken, Thijs Calu, David Pennington, Nic Hallam, Albert Lastukhin, Dominique Guillerme, W. Agster, Nittert van de Water, Marcos Prada Arias, Francesco Barberini, Enrico Hübner, Luca Forneris, Graham Clarke, Mike Douglas, Johan Willner, Sébastien Arriubergé, Rafał Szczerbik, Alessandro Pavesi, Jarred Johnson, Tomasz Wałachowski, Cédric JOUVE, Tom Gheskiere, jesus carrion, David Darrell-Lambert, Graham Sparshott, Théo Hervé, Martin Sutherland, Quentin Giraud, Kévin Giraudin, LE ROY Renaud, August Thomasson, Marcin Sołowiej, Filippo Ceccolini, BirdingAlbufera, Armin Kreusel, Robert Thorpe, Sannier, Oscar Vilches, Paweł Szymański, Jerome Fischer, Matt Slaymaker, Gil Lissens, Sidney M, Matthias Feuersenger, JC Paniagua, Anita Rakitić, david m, Maxime Pirio, brickegickel, Mark Newsome, Sophie REVERDIAU, Oriol, Michaël Bridoux, Sonothèque ADVL, Kieran Nixon, Jochem verweij, Sjouke Scholten, Michael Brunhøj Hansen, Peter Stronach, Pere Josa Anguera, Esperanza Poveda, Johannes Dag Mayer, Pablo Valverde, Friedemann Arndt, Tristan Guillebot de Nerville, Adam Cross, Richard Drew, Cindie Arlaud, Petr Večeřa, Domagoj Tomičić, Guillaume Petitjean, riou, Peter Mattsson, Michał Jezierski, SCECB NATURA-Z, Karol Łanocha, Twan Mols, Klaus Fink, Dawid Jablonski, Arnold Meijer, Paul Ehlers, José Carlos Sires, manuel Grosselet, Birding The Strait, Charlie Bodin, Juan Carlos Paniagua, Nabholz Benoit, Fergus Crystal, Agris Celmins, Albert Cama, Iván Vega, John Muddeman, Adrien Mauss, Gerard Troost, Serge Hoste, Stefano Miceli, Joan Balfagon, Ace, Frank A. Roos, Tom Wulf, Vincent Palomares, Marcel Tenhaeff, Gabriel Hasan, James Lidster, Frank van de Weijer, Herman van Oosten, Alain Verneau, Herman van der Meer, Romain SPELLER, Johan Lorentzon, Thomas ARMAND, Chris Beach, Jacob Spinks, András Schmidt, Jonathan van Erkel, James Spencer, Rowan Wakefield, LEPAGE Frédéric, Itziar Gutiérrez, Severin Racky, NEVILLE MADON, B Whyte, Bodhuin Maxime, Benoit Paepegaey, Ruysschaert, Soulier Pierrick, Frederik Fluyt, Thomas Roux, Eduardo Realinho, Simon Elliott, Oscar Vilches Mendoza, Juan Pita-Romero Caamaño, Gary Elton, Marc Hughes, Raul Pascual, Nicolas Selosse, Arnaud Hedel, Gaëtan Mineau, Peter Boesman, Steve Flynn, Gerry p oneill, Andy Hultberg, Helmut Schaffer, Luca Giussani, edouard dansette, Gavia Stellata, Robert Schouw, Sławomir Karpicki-Ignatowski, mvallespirc, Mark Plummer, Chacron, Seynaeve Adriaan, Kristian Whittaker, Andreas Pettersson, Rafał Kurowski, Delpit, Anja van Halbeek, Lars Burnus, Benjamin Schedl, Sreekumar Chirukandoth, Mathias Götz, Mikhail Velikanov, Paul Bourdin, Török Tamás, Mehmet Ali Demiral, Manuel Grosselet, Olivier Swift, Yoann Blanchon, Jacob Bosma, Alexis Bukowski, Götz Ellwanger, Guillaume Bigayon, Charlie BODIN, Olivier SWIFT, Manuel Grosselet, Tero Linjama, Ad Postma, Eetu Paljakka, Jan Hein van Steenis, Alwin van Lubeck, Jacobo Ramil MIllarengo, Andrew Cobley, guus van duin, Meinolf Ottensmann, Steve Thorpe, Antoine Salmon, Alain Beuget, Simon Busuttil, Bertrand Dallet, Bill Haines, Robbin van Dijk, Jacopo Barchiesi, Johan Jordaans, Simon BAUDOUIN, Nelson Conceição, Teet Sirotkin, Dean McDonnell, Jocce Ekstrom, Michael John O Mahony, Fred Prak, Joachim Pintens, Christophe Legrand, Daniel Beuker, G Berger, Steve Blain, Boris Delahaie, Will Langdon, David Melichar, Emmanuel Roy, Jonas Brüggeshemke, YvesDS, FRIEDRICH Richard</span></p>
Male song structure predicts offspring recruitment to the breeding population in a migratory bird
<p>Bird song is a classic example of a sexually selected trait, but much of the work relating individual song components to fitness has not accounted for song typically being composed of multiple, often-correlated components, necessitating a multivariate approach. We explored the role of sexual selection in shaping complex male song of house wrens (<em>Troglodytes aedon</em>) by simultaneously relating its multiple components to fitness using multivariate selection analysis, which is widely used in insect and anuran studies but not in birds. The analysis revealed significant variation in the form and strength of selection acting on song across different selection episodes, from nest-site defense to recruitment of offspring to the breeding population. Males that sang more song typically employed in close communication sired more offspring that were subsequently recruited to the breeding population than those that sang far-communication song. However, this relationship was not consistent across earlier selection episodes, as evidenced by non-linear selection acting on these song components in other contexts. Collectively, our results present a complex picture of multivariate selection on male song structure that would not be evident using univariate approaches and suggest possible trade-offs within and among song components at different points of the breeding season. </p>
The role of tropical rainfall in driving range dynamics for a long-distance migratory bird
<p>Predicting how the range dynamics of migratory species will respond to climate change requires a mechanistic understanding of the factors that operate across the annual cycle to control the distribution and abundance of a species. Here we use multiple lines of evidence to reveal that environmental conditions during the nonbreeding season influence range dynamics across the lifecycle of a migratory songbird, the American redstart (<em>Setophaga ruticilla</em>). Using long-term data from the nonbreeding grounds and breeding origin estimated from stable hydrogen isotopes in tail feathers, we found that the relationship between nonbreeding season survival and migration distance is mediated by precipitation, but only during dry years. A long-term drying trend throughout the Caribbean is associated with higher mortality for individuals from the northern portion of the species' breeding range, resulting in an approximate 500 km southward shift in breeding origins of this Jamaican population over the past 30 years. This shift in connectivity is mirrored by changes in the redstarts breeding distribution of abundance. These results demonstrate that the climatic effects on demographic processes originating during the tropical nonbreeding season is actively shaping range dynamics in a migratory bird.</p>
Food and social cues modulate reproductive development but not migratory behavior in a nomadic songbird, the Pine Siskin (Pinus spinus)
<p>Many animals rely on photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic environmental cues to gather information and appropriately time life history stages across the annual cycle, such as reproduction, molt, and migration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the reproductive physiology, but not migratory behavior, of captive Pine Siskins responds to both food and social cues during the spring migratory-breeding period. Pine Siskins are a nomadic finch with a highly flexible breeding schedule and, in the spring, free-living Pine Siskins can wander large geographic areas and opportunistically breed. To understand the importance of non-photoperiodic cues to the migratory-breeding transition, we maintained individually housed birds on either a standard or enriched diet in the presence of group-housed heterospecifics or conspecifics experiencing either the standard or enriched diet type. We measured body condition and reproductive development of all Pine Siskins and, among individually housed Pine Siskins, quantified nocturnal migratory restlessness. In group-housed birds, the enriched diet caused increases in body condition and, among females, promoted reproductive development. Among individually housed birds, female reproductive development differed between treatment groups whereas male reproductive development did not. Specifically, individually housed females showed greater reproductive development when presented with conspecifics compared to heterospecifics. The highest rate of female reproductive development, however, was observed amongst individually housed females provided the enriched diet and maintained with group-housed conspecifics on an enriched diet. Changes in nocturnal migratory restlessness did not vary by treatment group or sex. By manipulating both the physical and social environment, this study demonstrates how multiple environmental cues can affect the timing of transitions between life history stages with differential responses between sexes and between migratory and reproductive systems.</p>
Energetic trade-offs in migration decision-making, reproductive effort, and subsequent parental care in a long-distance migratory bird
<p>Migratory species trade-off long-distance movement with survival and reproduction, but the spatiotemporal scales at which these decisions occur is relatively unknown. Technological and statistical advances allow fine-scale study of animal decision-making, improving our understanding of possible causes and therefore conservation management. We quantified effects of reproductive preparation during spring migration on subsequent breeding outcomes, breeding outcomes on autumn migration characteristics, and autumn migration characteristics on subsequent parental survival in Greenland white-fronted geese (<em>Anser albifrons flavirostris</em>). These are long-distance migratory birds with a ~50% population decline from 1999 to 2022. We deployed GPS-acceleration devices on adult females to quantify up to five years of individual decision-making throughout the annual cycle. Weather and habitat-use affected time spent feeding and overall dynamic body acceleration (i.e., energy expenditure) during spring and autumn. Geese that expended less energy and fed longer during spring were more likely to successfully reproduce. Geese with offspring expended more energy and fed for less time during autumn, potentially representing adverse fitness consequences of breeding. These behavioural comparisons among Greenland white-fronted geese improve our understanding of fitness trade-offs underlying abundance. We provide a reproducible framework for full annual cycle modelling using location and behaviour data, applicable to similarly studied migratory animals.</p>
Data from: Early-life variation in migration is subject to strong fluctuating survival selection in a partially migratory bird
<p>Population dynamic and eco-evolutionary responses to environmental variation and change fundamentally depend on combinations of within- and among-cohort variation in phenotypic expression of key life-history traits, and on corresponding variation in selection on those traits. Specifically, in partially migratory populations, spatio-seasonal dynamics depend on the degree of adaptive phenotypic expression of seasonal migration versus residence, where more individuals migrate when selection favours migration.</p> <p>Opportunity for adaptive (or, conversely, maladaptive) expression could be particularly substantial in early life, through initial development of migration versus residence. However, within- and among-cohort dynamics of early-life migration, and of associated survival selection, have not been quantified in any system, preventing any inference on adaptive early-life expression. Such analyses have been precluded because data on seasonal movements and survival of sufficient young individuals, across multiple cohorts, have not been collected.</p> <p>We undertook extensive year-round field resightings of 9,359 colour-ringed juvenile European Shags (<em>Gulosus aristotelis</em>) from 11 successive cohorts in a partially-migratory population. We fitted advanced Bayesian multi-state capture-mark-recapture models to quantify early-life variation in migration versus residence and associated survival across short temporal occasions through each cohort's first year from fledging, thereby quantifying the degree of adaptive phenotypic expression of migration within and across years.</p> <p>All cohorts were highly partially migratory, but the degree and timing of migration varied considerably within and among cohorts. Episodes of strong survival selection on migration versus residence occurred both on short timeframes within years, and cumulatively across whole years, generating instances of instantaneous and cumulative net selection that would be obscured at coarser temporal resolutions. Further, the magnitude and direction of selection varied among years, generating strong fluctuating survival selection on early-life migration across cohorts, as rarely evidenced in nature. Yet, the degree of migration did not strongly covary with the direction of selection, indicating limited early-life adaptive phenotypic expression.</p> <p>These results reveal how dynamic early-life expression and selection on a key life-history trait, seasonal migration, can emerge across seasonal, annual, and multi-year timeframes, yet be substantially decoupled. This restricts the potential for adaptive phenotypic, micro-evolutionary, and population dynamic responses to changing seasonal environments.</p>
F I G U R E 1 0 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 1 0 Heatmap of search time for eels within 3 m of the bar rack for 53 attempts by 34 individual eels. Successful passes are shown on the left, and unsuccessful passes on the right. The hydraulic gate is located on the right side. The colours represent the proportion of search time in each zone, averaged over all attempts
F I G U R E 8 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 8 Upper: eel observations along four transects (a–d, with simulated relative water velocities). Observations are coloured by swimming direction. Lower: the density distribution of relative velocities at eel locations for upstream and downstream swimming, with the cross-section relative water velocity distribution in grey., downstream;, upstream;, cross-section
F I G U R E 7 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 7 Vertical and lateral eel distribution in river cross-sections in three parts of the river: the upstream river reach (river), the ponded forebay area (ponded) and the intake channel (channel) (see Figure 2a) for combinations of swimming directions and time of day. The observations are weighted by eel ground velocity and the colours represent scaled density
F I G U R E 5 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 5 Relative depth (a) and width (b) distribution of eels in the upstream river reach. The observations are grouped by eels moving downstream or upstream and by time of day. The observations are weighted by eel ground velocity, and the depth data are from the middle 90% of the river width. Situation:, downstream day;, downstream night;, upstream day;, upstream night
F I G U R E 4 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 4 Detection of eels entering the study area at the Herting hydropower plant grouped by inflow discharge and day/night, displayed as (a) number of eels and (b) eels per hour of current discharge., day;, night
F I G U R E 3 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 3 Schematics of a river cross-section: (a) natural model and (b) rectangular model. Relative depth is defined as zrel ¼ z=d and relative width as Wrel ¼ x=W, where W is the river width and d is the local depth
F I G U R E 1 1 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 1 1 Typical search patterns of eels along the intake screen at the Herting hydropower plant. Top, vertical view; bottom, plan view
F I G U R E 9 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 9 Distribution of first observations of eels closer than 3 m from bar rack at Herting hydropower plant: (a) horizontal distribution and (b) vertical distribution. Distributions are based on 41 observed interactions with the bar rack
F I G U R E 2 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 2 (a) The intake site at the Herting hydropower plant with migration routes available during the study period: a full-depth bypass next to the H1 powerplant and concrete weirs with a nature-like fishway. Location of hydrophones are shown in red. Areas to be analysed are denoted by blue dashed lines. (b) Detailed sketch of the angled rack and bypass at powerhouse H1
F I G U R E 1 in Three-dimensional migratory behaviour of European silver eels (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a hydropower plant
F I G U R E 1 Map of Sweden and the Ätran catchment, showing dams with or without fish passage solutions
Fig. 3 in Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds
Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes obtained from infected waterfowl. Trees were rooted with mammalian Plasmodium outgroups. Node tips are labeled with parasite genus (Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium), followed by the lineage name, GenBank accession number for each sequence, host order (passerine/waterfowl), and the country/state from which the samples were collected. All haplotypes identified in this study are highlighted in red. Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities from the analysis. Asterisks after node tip labels indicate sequences from our study that were identical to lineages previously found in non-waterfowl hosts. All reference sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information website.
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b in Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds
Fig. 2. Minimum spanning network for haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes detected in South American waterfowl. Shaded circles represent unsampled nodes. All circles are drawn proportional to the frequency at which haplotypes were observed. Lines separating nodes are drawn to scale based on the number of nucleotide mutations, unless otherwise indicated by hash marks. Only haplotypes with a length of 358 bp or greater were included. Haplotype name abbreviations are as follows: Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.