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FIGURE 1 in Anthropogenic river fragmentation reduces long-term viability of the migratory fish Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Bryconidae) populations

FIGURE 1 | Study area of Salminus brasiliensis populations in the Uruguay River basin, southern Brazil. A. Picture of Canyon Agusto César Gorge, Upper Uruguay River (acquired rights); B. Picture of Yucumã our Moconá Falls (google font: https://7mar.com.ar/mocona). Salminus brasiliensis (personal picture).

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FIGURE 2 in Radiotagging a long-distance migratory characid fish: reproduction after surgery, tag losses, and effects in weight

FIGURE 2 | Percentage weight variation of fish that remained alive in the pond until the end of the experiment. Tagging occurred in 16–18/11/2016, survey 1 in 24/08/2016, survey 2 in 28/09/2016, survey 3 in 21/10/2016, survey 4 in 09/11/2016, and survey 5 in 03/05/2017. Reproduction occurred between survey 4 and survey 5.

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FIGURE 1 in Radiotagging a long-distance migratory characid fish: reproduction after surgery, tag losses, and effects in weight

FIGURE 1 | Mortality by event, treatment, and sex. Tagging occurred in 16–18/11/2016, survey 1 in 24/08/2016, survey 2 in 28/09/2016, survey 3 in 21/10/2016, survey 4 in 09/11/2016, and survey 5 in 03/05/2017. Reproduction occurred between survey 4 and survey 5. We excluded fishes with unidentified sex from the figure.

FIGURE 5 in The main channel and river confluences as spawning sites for migratory fishes in the middle Uruguay River

FIGURE 5 | Longitudinal profile of the Uruguay River depicting the upper, middle and lower reaches, the position of dams and the number of migratory species recorded in studies that sampled ichthyoplankton.

FIGURE 3 in The main channel and river confluences as spawning sites for migratory fishes in the middle Uruguay River

FIGURE 3 | Proportion Capture (%) of the different embryonic development stages of fishes captured in the middle Uruguay River and tributaries, between October 2016 and January 2017. Degree of embryonic development: Segmentation (S), Head-Tail (HT) and Free-Tail (FT).

FIGURE 4 in The main channel and river confluences as spawning sites for migratory fishes in the middle Uruguay River

FIGURE 4 | Proportion Capture (%) of the different larval development stages of fishes captured in the middle Uruguay River and tributaries, between October 2016 and January 2017. Degree of larval stages of development: LV = Yolk-sac larvae, PF = Preflexion, F = Flexion and PoF = Postflexion.

FIGURE 2 in The main channel and river confluences as spawning sites for migratory fishes in the middle Uruguay River

FIGURE 2 | Spatial distribution of median, first and third quartile, maximum and minimum densities of fish eggs and larvae collected in the middle Uruguay River and tributaries, between October 2016 and January 2017. Different letters within each graph indicate a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). A. Eggs; and B. Larvae.

FIGURE 1 in The main channel and river confluences as spawning sites for migratory fishes in the middle Uruguay River

FIGURE 1 | The Uruguay River basin, the study area in the middle Uruguay River, and the six sampling sites investigated (Chan-C, Trib-C, Chan-I, Trib-I, Chan-P, and Trib-P).

Fig. 6 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 6. Above: Retreat of the Pilcomayo River and dynamic creation of new flood plains due to self-blockage (silting up) of the river channel. This caused a retreat of hundreds of kilometers of the choke point in a few decades (indicated by the black arrow) and an upstream migration of the flood plains. Bullets indicate migrating Sábalo population in the Pilcomayo River (white) and Sábalo population in the La Plata basin (black). Below: Breakthrough of Pilcomayo River bank inundating new areas in the Chaco floodplain area.

Fig. 5 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 5. (a) Mean annual discharge and Sábalo catches over the years in the Pilcomayo River near Villa Montes. (b) Calculated and observed Sábalo catches based on the data presented in Fig. 4a. Correlations were obtained by stepwise multiple linear regression with backward selection (SPSS v. 15.0). The river discharge of the seven preceding years (Y1-Y7) plus the current year (Y0) were used in the analyses. The solid line is based upon the years 1980-2006. The dashed line is based upon the years 1997-2007. (c) Observed Sábalo catches plotted against the calculated Sábalo catches for the years 1980-1996 and 1997- 2006. Data of Sábalo catches and mean river discharges were obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia).

Fig. 4 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 4. (a) Mean annual discharge for the Pilcomayo River since 1960. The values were calculated for the hydrological year, which runs from October of the previous year until September of the current year. Data were obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia). (b) Mean monthly values of the Southern Oscillation Index (dots) and mean annual discharges of the Pilcomayo River (open circles), since 1976. Mean annual discharge values were calculated from data obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia). The values were calculated for the hydrological year, which runs from October of the previous year until September of the current year.

Fig. 3 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 3. Total dissolved solids concentration (TDS) in Pilcomayo River water (a) or water temperature (b) and gonadal maturation indices of Sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus) fish versus time (May 1998 until February 1999). The gonadal maturation indices are scaled from 1 to 6 in which 6 represents spawning.

Fig. 3 in Blockage of migration routes by dam construction: can migratory fish find alternative routes?

Fig. 3. Relationship between the time of recapture (days) and the movement (km) of individuals of the curimba P. lineatus, after the fish were caught and tagged near the Porto Primavera Dam. The movements above the 0 km axis represent upstream movements, and movements below the axis indicate downstream travels. The release locality of the fish is indicated in the figure (downstream or upstream).

Fig. 2 in Blockage of migration routes by dam construction: can migratory fish find alternative routes?

Fig. 2. Mean (±SE) of release-recapture time lag (a), distance traveled (b) and speed developed (c) by individual curimba Prochilodus lineatus in the Upper Paraná River region, tagged and released downstream (Down) and upstream (Up) from the Porto Primavera Dam. Location indicates, respectively, the "release point – recapture point" in relation to the Porto Primavera Dam.

Fig. 8 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 8. Scatterplot of the relationship between time to fatigue (min) and percent fatigued for piaus of three different speed classes (lines represent fit of the models for each size class).

Fig. 7 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 7. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of prolonged speed (length/s) per fatigue time (min/10) for the piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 6 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 6. Mean (± standard deviation – SD; minimum – Min; and Maximum – Max) values of time to fatigue (min) per speed class (lengths/s) for piau Leporinus reinhardti.

Fig. 5 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 5. Curves representing the relationship between critical speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau at different temperatures, compared to two salmonids (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus nerka).

Fig. 4 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 4. Curves representing the relationship between critical swimming speed (m/s) and length (m) for the piau (continuous line in the squares on the top left of the figure) and some species from the temperate zone. Full names of some species are given in Table 2).

Fig. 1 in Blockage of migration routes by dam construction: can migratory fish find alternative routes?

Fig. 1. Map of the study area, which includes the stretch of the Paraná River between the Jupiá and Itaipu reservoirs. Numbers between parentheses are the numbers of individuals of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) recaptured in each place (details given in Results).