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110 results for “molecular adaptation”
Molecular evolution and depth-related adaptations of rhodopsin in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika
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TE invasion fuels molecular adaptation in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster
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Data supporting: Molecular, behavioural and morphological comparisons of sperm adaptations in a fish with alternative mating tactics
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PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds. in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds.
Parallel molecular mechanisms for enzyme temperature adaptation
<p><span>The mechanisms that underly the adaptation enzyme activities and stabilities to temperature are fundamental to our understanding of molecular evolution and how enzymes work. Herein, we investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of enzyme temperature adaption, combining deep mechanistic studies with comprehensive sequence analyses of thousands of enzymes. We show that temperature adaptation in ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) arises primarily from one residue change with limited, local epistasis</span><span> and we establish the underlying physical mechanisms</span><span>. </span>This residue change occurs in diverse KSI backgrounds, suggesting parallel adaptation to temperature. We identify residues associated with organismal growth temperature in 1005 diverse bacterial enzyme families, suggesting widespread parallel adaptation. We assess the properties of these residues, molecular interactions and interaction networks that appear to underly temperature adaptation.</p>
Data from: Molecular phenotyping of maternally mediated parallel adaptive divergence within Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria
When similar selection acts on the same traits in multiple species or populations, parallel evolution can result in similar phenotypic changes, yet the underlying molecular architecture of parallel phenotypic divergence can be variable. Maternal effects can influence evolution at ecological timescales and facilitate local adaptation, but their contribution to parallel adaptive divergence is unclear. In this study, we (i) tested for variation in embryonic acid tolerance in a common garden experiment and (ii) used molecular phenotyping of egg coats to investigate the molecular basis of maternally mediated parallel adaptive divergence in two amphibian species (Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria). Our results on three R. arvalis and two R. temporaria populations show that adaptive divergence in embryonic acid tolerance is mediated via maternally derived egg coats in both species. We find extensive polymorphism in egg jelly coat glycoproteins within both species and that acid-tolerant clutches have more negatively charged egg jelly – indicating that the glycosylation status of the jelly coat proteins is under divergent selection in acidified environments, likely due to its impact on jelly water balance. Overall, these data provide evidence for parallel mechanisms of adaptive divergence in two species. Our study highlights the importance of studying intraspecific molecular variation in egg coats and, specifically, their glycoproteins, to increase understanding of underlying forces maintaining variation in jelly coats.
Long-term adaptation of lymphoma cell lines to hypoxia is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms that are targetable with specific inhibitors - Supplemental Data Tables
<p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Metabolome.xlsx</strong> - a complete list of measured metabolites for Ramos and HBL2 cell lines. Peak area values for normoxic and hypoxia-adapted cells in triplicates. Mean log 2 fold change and adjusted P values are provided for all metabolites except those under the limits of detection.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Transcriptome Differential Expression.xlsx</strong> - the tables of all transcripts detected in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls. Fold change and log 2 fold change, log 2 CPM, F statistic, P value and False Discovery Rate (FDR) were calculated using EdgeR package. Last column shows if a transcript was significantly <em>up</em>- or <em>down</em>regulated or not (<em>ns</em>).</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Transcriptome Gene Set Analysis.xlsx</strong> - the tables of the gene set enrichment analysis of Reactome pathways in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Proteome Differential Expression.xlsx</strong> - the tables of proteins detected and differentially expressed in hypoxia-adapted HBL2 and Ramos lymphoma cell lines compared to normoxic controls.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Data Table - Cell lines SNV characterization.xlsx</strong> - the tables of mutations (single nucleotide variations and short indels) detected in four tested lymphpoma cell lines and corresponding primary tumor (PT) samples. AF_CTRL - allelic frequency (0..1) in healthy control DNA from the patient, AF_PT - allelic frequency in primary tumor, AF_PDCL - allelic frequency in patient-derived cell line. DP - total sequence depth, TLOD - Log odds that the variant is present in the tumor sample relative to the expected noise. Gencode and HGNC annotation columns are output of the Funcotator analysis. SNVs were detected using Mutect2 as a part of GATK 4.6.0.0 somatic variat calling pipeline.</p>
Proof -of -Concept Study To Stratify Targeted Therapies Adapted To Molecular Profiling
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02613962. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 5. Publications: 5.
Adapting Treatment to the Tumor Molecular Alterations for Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors: MyOwnSpecificTreatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02029001. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Molecular phenotyping of maternally mediated parallel adaptive divergence within Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria
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Parallel molecular mechanisms for enzyme temperature adaptation
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Chromosome-level clam genome helps elucidate the molecular basis of adaptation to a buried lifestyle
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Data from: Molecular investigation of genetic assimilation during the rapid adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fishes
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Non-adaptive molecular evolution of seminal fluid proteins in drosophila
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Molecular adaptation and convergent evolution of frugivory in Old World and New World fruit bats
<p>Repeated adaptations to the same dietary niche in different lineages are a hallmark in mammalian ecology. Molecular evolutionary analysis is powerful to dissect the evolutionary history of dietary adaptations based on the knowledge of gene functions. Here we used genome-wide analyses of molecular evolution to examine two lineages of bats that have independently evolved obligate frugivory: the Old World family Pteropodidae and the New World subfamily Stenodermatinae, although ancestral bats were insectivorous. We report novel genome sequences of two New World fruit bats (<i>Artibeus jamaicensis</i> and <i>Sturnira hondurensis</i>), which together provide a framework for comparisons with Old World fruit bats. Comparative genomics of 10 bat species, which have diverse diets across their phylogeny, revealed a number of convergent molecular signatures underlying evolutionary adaptations to obligate frugivory. We identified three subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes, losses of three bitter taste receptor genes, losses of two digestive enzyme genes, and convergent amino acid substitutions in several metabolic genes that are specifically linked to frugivory. This study provides an excellent model to explore molecular adaptations contributing to convergent evolution of obligate frugivory, and will facilitate future studies of ecological adaptations in mammals.</p>
Data from: Molecular signatures of lineage-specific adaptive evolution in a unique sea basin: the example of an anadromous goby Leucopsarion petersii
Climate changes on various time scales often shape genetic novelty and adaptive variation in many biotas. We explored molecular signatures of directional selection in populations of the ice goby Leucopsarion petersii inhabiting a unique sea basin, the Sea of Japan, where a wide variety of environments existed in the Pleistocene in relation to shifts in sea level by repeated glaciations. This species consisted of two historically allopatric lineages, the Japan Sea (JS) and Pacific Ocean (PO) lineages, and these have lived under contrasting marine environments that are expected to have imposed different selection regimes caused by past climatic and current oceanographic factors. We applied a limited genome-scan approach using seven candidate genes for phenotypic differences between two lineages in combination with 100 anonymous microsatellite loci. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene, which is an important regulator of food intake and potent orexigenic agent, and three anonymous microsatellites were identified as robust outliers, that is, candidate loci potentially under directional selection, by multiple divergence- and diversity-based outlier tests in comparisons focused on multiple populations of the JS vs. PO lineages. For these outlier loci, populations of the JS lineage had putative signals of selective sweeps. Additionally, real-time quantitative PCR analysis using fish reared in a common environment showed a higher expression level for NPY gene in the JS lineage. Thus, this study succeeded in identifying candidate genomic regions under selection across populations of the JS lineage and provided evidence for lineage-specific adaptive evolution in this unique sea basin.
Data from: Are molecular markers useful predictors of adaptive potential?
Estimates of molecular genetic variation are often used as a cheap and simple surrogate for a population's adaptive potential, yet empirical evidence suggests they are unlikely to be a valid proxy. However, this evidence is based on molecular genetic variation poorly predicting estimates of adaptive potential rather than how well it predicts true values. As a consequence, the relationship has been systematically underestimated and the precision with which it could be measured severely overstated. By collating a large database, and using suitable statistical methods, we obtain a 95% upper bound of 0.26 for the proportion of variance in quantitative genetic variation explained by molecular diversity. The relationship is probably too weak to be useful, but this conclusion must be taken as provisional: less noisy estimates of quantitative genetic variation are required. In contrast, and perhaps surprisingly, current sampling strategies appear sufficient for characterising a population's molecular genetic variation at comparable markers.
Data from: A phylogenomic analysis of the role and timing of molecular adaptation in the aquatic transition of cetartiodactyl mammals
Recent studies have reported multiple cases of molecular adaptation in cetaceans related to their aquatic abilities. However, none of these has included the hippopotamus, precluding an understanding of whether molecular adaptations in cetaceans occurred before or after they split from their semi-aquatic sister taxa. Here, we obtained new transcriptomes from the hippopotamus and humpback whale, and analysed these together with available data from eight other cetaceans. We identified more than 11 000 orthologous genes and compiled a genome-wide dataset of 6845 coding DNA sequences among 23 mammals, to our knowledge the largest phylogenomic dataset to date for cetaceans. We found positive selection in nine genes on the branch leading to the common ancestor of hippopotamus and whales, and 461 genes in cetaceans compared to 64 in hippopotamus. Functional annotation revealed adaptations in diverse processes, including lipid metabolism, hypoxia, muscle and brain function. By combining these findings with data on protein–protein interactions, we found evidence suggesting clustering among gene products relating to nervous and muscular systems in cetaceans. We found little support for shared ancestral adaptations in the two taxa; most molecular adaptations in extant cetaceans occurred after their split with hippopotamids.
Molecular dynamics initialization files to reproduce simulations in "Anillin-Related Mid1 as an Adaptive and Multimodal Contractile Ring Anchoring Protein: A Simulation Study"
<p>Molecular dynamics initialization files to reproduce simulations in "Anillin-Related Mid1 as an Adaptive and Multimodal Contractile Ring Anchoring Protein: A Simulation Study" by Aaron R. Hall, Yeol Kyo Choi, Wonpil Im, and Dimitrios Vavylonis, Structure (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2023.11.010</p>
Phase I Study of IMRT and Molecular-Image Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Advanced HNSCC
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01283178. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.