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47 results for “molecular combing”
FIGURES 2–10 in Cephalomalthinus simplicicornis (Wittmer, 1993) rev. stat. et comb. n.: a resurrected soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from Taiwan based on morphological and molecular data
FIGURES 2–10. Habitus, dorsal view: 2–4. Cephalomalthinus formosanus (Pic); 5–10. C. simplicicornis (Wittmer) rev. stat. et comb. n. Males: 2–3, 5–7, 10; females: 4, 8–9. Non-type specimens: 2–9; holotype: 10. Scale bar: 5.0 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Cephalomalthinus simplicicornis (Wittmer, 1993) rev. stat. et comb. n.: a resurrected soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from Taiwan based on morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 1. Neighbor joining (NJ) tree of soldier beetles inferred from mitochondrial COI gene. Bootstrapping values of NJ (left), ML (middle), and those of posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference (BI) (right) with more than 50% are shown at nodes.
FIGURE 10. A in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 10. A Bayesian tree of 42 species of the heteronemertean family Lineidae based on concatenated 16 rRNA, COI, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3 genes. Support values were generated by a separate partitioned ML bootstrap (BS) analysis with 1000 replicates and posterior probability (PP) of a separate partitioned Bayesian analysis; node support is indicated by BS/PP.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 2. Dushia wijnhoffae Schwartz & Norenburg sp. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections (A, C–E) (paratype, USNM 1594813), and tangential section (B) (holotype, USNM 1594812). (A) Epidermis and cutis. (B) Dermal muscle components; diagonal muscles are indicated by ">". (C) Section through gonad with dorsoventral muscles and horizontal muscle. (D) Precerebral blood vessels and rhynchodaeum. (E) Cross section through foregut region with prominent longitudinal muscle plate. Scale bars: A, C, D = 100 µm, B = 50 µm, E = 200 µm. Abbreviations: cu, cutis; cv, cephalic vessel; dcm, dermal circular muscle; dlm, dermal longitudinal muscle; dv, dorsoventral muscle fibers; ep, epidermis; fg, foregut; gc, gland cells; go, gonad; hm, horizontal muscle; ilm, body-wall inner longitudinal muscle layer; in, intestinal lumen; lmp, longitudinal muscle plate; lnc, lateral nerve cord; mcm, body-wall middle circular muscle layer; olm, body-wall outer longitudinal muscle layer; rc, rhynchocoel; rd, rhynchodaeum.
FIGURE 9. A in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 9. A phylogenetic tree of Dushia nigra species complex comb. nov., resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis ofpartial sequence (513 bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from 10 specimens collected in Kakeroma, Japan, nine specimens in Okinawa, Japan; and one specimen from Van Phong Bay, Vietnam (Chernyshev 2016; Sundberg et al. 2016); Dushia wijnhoffae sp. nov. is used as an outgroup. Text colors represent body colors of specimens, and numbers near nodes indicate maximum-likelihood bootstrap support value. Vertical bars indicate the results of TCS, ABGD, and PTP analyses.
FIGURE 8 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 8. Three haplotype networks (A–C) of Dushia nigra species complex comb. nov., generated by statistical parsimony analysis using partial sequence (513 bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from 10 specimens collected in Kakeroma, Japan (solid), nine specimens in Okinawa, Japan (oblique stripes); and one specimen from Van Phong Bay, Vietnam (Chernyshev 2016; Sundberg et al. 2016) (vertical stripe). Three kinds of colorations (black, brown, and orange) indicate their body color.
FIGURE 7 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 7. Dushia nigra (Stimpson, 1855) species complex comb. nov., transverse section of proboscis (A), showing two, unequal muscle crosses (B, C); post-overlapping parts of muscle crosses are indicated by arrowheads ICHUM 3457. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B, C = 200 µm. Abbreviations: ge, glandular epithelium; isl, inner strand of proboscis inner longitudinal muscle layer; pd, proboscis diagonal muscle layer; pic, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; pil, proboscis inner longitudinal muscle layer; poc, proboscis outer circular muscle layer; pol, proboscis outer longitudinal muscle layer.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 1. Images of Dushia spp., taken in life. (A) Dushia wijnhoffae Schwartz & Norenburg sp. nov. from Puerto Rico. (B–F) Dushia nigra (Stimpson, 1855) species complex comb. nov.: (B) black form, ICHUM 3457, from Onna, Okinawa, Japan; (C) orange form, from Nakijin, Okinawa, caudal cirrus not pictured; (D) brown form, from Kakeroma, Japan; (E, F) black form from Okinawa, showing body fragments regenerating caudal cirrus, 3 days (E) and 10 days (F) after amputation. Scale bars: A–D = 1 cm, E, F = 500 µm. Abbreviations: ao, apical organs; cc, caudal cirrus; cf, horizontal cephalic furrow.
FIGURE 5 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 5. Dushia nigra (Stimpson, 1855) species complex comb. nov., transverse sections (A–D, F) (ICHUM 3457), (E) (USNM 1107399). (A) Intestinal region, showing dorsoventral muscles, gonad, and associated horizontal muscles. (B) Rhynchodaeum opening and pre-rhynchostomal blood lacuna. (C) Precerebral region, showing rhynchodeal sphincter (indicated by arrow head). (D) Dorsal cerebral commissure. (E) Pseudocnidae of the proboscis. (F) One of the two muscle crosses between the proboscis circular muscle layer and the endothelium (indicated by two arrow heads). Scale bars: A, B, D = 100 µm, C, E, F = 50 µm. Abbreviations: an, anterior peripheral nerve; cl, cephalic lacuna; cv, cephalic vessel; dg, dorsal ganglion; dv, dorsal ventral muscles of intestinal region; go, gonad; hm, horizontal muscles associated with gonad; ilm, inner longitudinal muscles of body wall; pc, pseudocnidae; pcm, proboscis circular muscle layer; pil, proboscis inner longitudinal muscle layer; pn, proboscis nerve; pnp, proboscis nerve plexus; pol, proboscis outer longitudinal muscle layer; rc, rhynchocoel; rd, rhynchodaeum.
FIGURE 4 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 4. Dushia nigra (Stimpson, 1855) species complex comb. nov., transverse sections (A, C–F) (ICHUM 3457), (B) (USNM 1107399). (A) Arrangement of the epidermis and cutis. (B) Oblique section through dermal muscle layers showing dermal gland cells, dermal longitudinal, circular, and associated lattice muscles, and epidermis. (C) Organization of body wall in foregut region, nephridial tubules, and one of the numerous efferent ducts. (D) Precerebral region, showing musculature, rhynchodaeum, and cephalic vessels. (E) Proboscis insertion. (F) Longitudinal muscular plate and nephridial tubules. Scale bars: A, C, F = 50 µm, B, D, E = 100 µm. Abbreviations: cu, cutis; cv, cephalic vessel; dc, dermal gland cells; dcm, dermal circular muscle; ddf, dermal diagonal muscle fibers; dlm, dermal longitudinal muscle; ed, efferent duct; ep, epidermis; ex, excretory collecting tubule; ilm, body-wall inner longitudinal muscle layer; lmp, longitudinal muscle plate; mcm, body-wall middle circular muscle layer; mo, mouth; olm, body-wall outer longitudinal muscle layer; nt, nephridial tubules; pr, proboscis; rd, rhynchodaeum.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 3. Dushia wijnhoffae Schwartz & Norenburg sp. nov. (A, B, D) Photomicrographs of transverse sections (paratype, USNM 1594813); (C) photomicrograph of anesthetized animal with cephalic furrows reflected back to expose ciliated glandular ridge; the specimen was destroyed after examination and not extant. (A) Organization of the cerebral ganglia region showing dorsal and ventral ganglia and positions of Bürger type III cells, neurocord cell and neurocord. (B) ×40 magnification of Bürger type III cell and neurocord cell in A. (C) Ciliated and gland cell ridge of cephalic furrow marked by arrow heads. (D) Transverse section through glandular ridge in C, arrow heads mark the cells with elongated cilia, asterisks indicate gland cells. Scale bars: A, B, D = 100 µm, C = 500 µm. Abbreviations: b3, Bürger type III neural cell; cf, cephalic furrow; lnc, lateral nerve cord; nc, neurocord cell; vg, ventral ganglion.
FIGURE 6 in Molecular systematics of the heteronemertean genus Dushia (Nemertea Pilidiophora), with descriptions of D. wijnhoffae sp. nov. and D. nigra species complex comb. nov.
FIGURE 6. Dushia nigra (Stimpson, 1855) species complex comb. nov. Photomicrographs of transverse sections (A–D) (ICHUM 3457) and frontal sections (E, F) (USNM 1107399). (A) Ventral rhynchocoel wall in foregut region. (B) Dorsal ganglion showing Bürger type III neural cells and neurocord cells. (C) Neurocord cells. (D) Transverse section of cephalic furrow posterior to cerebral organ opening showing ciliated cells with elongated cilia (arrow heads) and gland cells (asterisks). (E) Frontal section of intestinal regions showing arrangement of gonads and intestinal diverticula. (F) Spermatozoa. Scale bars: A, B, D, E = 100 µm, C = 50 µm, F = 3 µm. Abbreviations: b3, Bürger type III neural cell; cf, cephalic furrow; cu, cutis; dg, dorsal ganglion; dv, dorsal ventral muscle; fg, foregut lumen; go, gonad; ilm, inner longitudinal muscle; in, lumen of the intestine;; lnc, lateral nerve cord; mcm, middle circular muscle; nc, neurocord cell; olm, outer longitudinal muscle; pr, proboscis; rc, rhynchocoel; rcc, rhynchocoel circular muscle; rcl, rhynchocoel longitudinal muscle, rv, rhynchocoel villus.
FIGURE 4. Chamaecostus acaulis comb. nov. and Chamaecostus subsessilis s in Evolution of species diversity in the genus Chamaecostus (Costaceae): molecular phylogenetics and morphometric approaches
FIGURE 4. Chamaecostus acaulis comb. nov. and Chamaecostus subsessilis s.str.. (B) photo by W.W.Thomas. (D) photo by D.Skinner.
Fig. 3 in A morphological and molecular study supports the recognition of Rhipilia psammophila sp. nov. and Rhipilia baculifera comb. nov. (Halimedaceae, Chlorophyta) from southern Australia
Fig. 3. Rhipilia psammophila. (a) Specimen in situ at Two Peoples Bay, Western Australia, growing among seagrasses. (b) Clustered specimens growing in sandy substrata. (c) The pressed holotype specimen (PERTH 09389660). (d) Siphons bearing perpendicular lateral branches with terminal tenacula (indicated by arrows). (e) Tenacula adhering to adjacent filament (indicated by arrow). (f) Fertile filaments with numerous lateral gametangia. (g) Closer view of lateral gametangia. Scale bars: 1 cm (c); 60 µm (d, e); 600 µm (f); 300 µm (g). Vouchers: (a, b, d, e) J.M.Huisman 2.1.22.1 (PERTH [holotype]); (f, g) A.Dekker, C.Nutt, K.Murray & H.Botha s.n. (PERTH 08188459). Photos: J. M. Huisman.
Fig. 1 in A morphological and molecular study supports the recognition of Rhipilia psammophila sp. nov. and Rhipilia baculifera comb. nov. (Halimedaceae, Chlorophyta) from southern Australia
Fig. 1. Phylogeny of the Halimedineae suborder of Bryopsidales, showing the placement of Rhipilia baculifera (indicated with a triangle) and Rhipilia psammophila (indicated with a star) in the genus Rhipilia of the tribe Rhipileae. The phylogeny is based on concatenated rbcL and tufA sequences, with bootstrap support indicated at branches (when>70). The scale is in estimated substitutions per site. Outgroups were pruned from the original tree for this visualisation. The concatenated alignment was 94.8% complete, with 7 of 127 sequences missing for rbcL and 6 of 127 sequences missing for tufA. Lineage 1 and 2 annotations refer to the naming of these lineages by Cremen et al. (2019).
Fig. 4 in A morphological and molecular study supports the recognition of Rhipilia psammophila sp. nov. and Rhipilia baculifera comb. nov. (Halimedaceae, Chlorophyta) from southern Australia
Fig. 4. Rhipilia baculifera. (a) Specimen in situ at type locality at Point Lonsdale, Victoria, growing among the seagrass Amphibolis antarctica. (b) Freshly collected specimens, with a limited basal aggregation of siphons. (c) Pressed specimen dredged from deep water, south of Rottnest Island, with a substantial stipe. (d) Closer view of aggregated siphons at base of specimens in Fig. 4b. (e) Free siphons that are dichotomously divided with occasional shallow constrictions. A reproductive tuft is developing at the apex of the right-hand siphon. (f) View of densely branched reproductive tuft, with moniliform lower siphons. Scale bars: 2 cm (b, c); 1 mm (d–f). Voucher: (a, b) H.Verbruggen HV03984 (MELU); (c) C.Sim s.n. (PERTH 08822182); (d–f) living material, vouchers not retained. Photos: H. Verbruggen (a, b, d–f); J. M. Huisman (c).
Fig. 2 in A morphological and molecular study supports the recognition of Rhipilia psammophila sp. nov. and Rhipilia baculifera comb. nov. (Halimedaceae, Chlorophyta) from southern Australia
Fig. 2. Densely sampled gene trees of (a) rbcL and (b) tufA for the genus Rhipilia, including the new species R. psammophila (indicated with a star) and the newly transferred R. baculifera (indicated with a triangle).
FIGURE 2 in Freshwater ascomycetes: Lophiostoma vaginatispora comb. nov. (Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Lophiostomaceae) based on morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 2. Lophiostoma vaginatispora (from holotype). A–B. Appearance of ascomata on wood. Note the oozed ascospores in B. C–D. Sections of ascomata. E. Papillate ascoma. F. Peridium. G. Wide cellular pseudoparaphyses. H–I. Asci. J–K. Asci releasing ascospores through fissitunicate dehiscence. L–N. Ascospores with wide papilionaceous sheath. L is in Indian ink. Scale bars: C = 300 µm, D = 200 µm, E = 50 µm, F–G = 20 µm, H–I = 30 µm, J–L, N = 50 µm, M = 20 µm.
FIGURE 6. Agasthyagama beddomii comb. nov. syntype ZSI 15733 in A molecular and morphological study of Otocryptis Wagler, 1830 (Squamata: Agamidae) reveals a new genus from the far south of the Western Ghats, Peninsular India
FIGURE 6. Agasthyagama beddomii comb. nov. syntype ZSI 15733, adult female (A) close-up of the specimen, entire view, (B) with jar label visible.
FIGURE 3. Loxosoma aripes n. comb. A in Clarification of the diagnosis of the genus Loxosoma s.l. (Entoprocta; Loxosomatidae) based on morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 3. Loxosoma aripes n. comb. A. Latero-abfrontal view (SEM). B. Drawing of specimen 5, abfrontal view. C. Drawing of specimen 6 in lateral, abfrontal and fronto-lateral views. Abbreviations: b—bud, bk—'beak'-like attachment organ, e— embryo, es—esophagus, in—intestine, re—rectum, s—stomach, st—stalk, t—tentacle.
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