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46 results for “montane cloud forest”
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
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Data from: Community-level trait variation of epiphytic bryophytes supports trade-off aligned with leaf-economic spectrum in vertically stratified tropical montane cloud forest canopies
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Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
Understanding plant hydraulic functioning and water balance during drought has become key in predicting species survival and recovery. However, the insightful studies that couple physiological and morphological attributes do not exist in many ecosystems, such as the vulnerable Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF). In this study, we evaluate drought resistance and recovery for saplings for five tree species spanning deciduous to evergreen habits from a Mexican TMCF. Methods Drought treatments withheld water until plants reached species-specific P50 or P88 values (pressures required to induce a 50 or 88 percent loss in hydraulic conductivity), at which point they were rewatered. Drought resistance were considered within the isohydric-anisohydric framework and compared to leaf gas exchange, water status, pressure-volume curves, specific leaf area, and stomatal density. Results TMCF species closed stomata well before significant losses in hydraulic conductivity (isohydric). Yet, despite the coordination of these traits, they did not predict how long it took species to reach critical hydraulic thresholds. Instead, maximum photosynthesis rates explained these times reinforcing the linkage between hydraulic and carbon dynamics. Despite varying hydraulic conductivities, stomatal responses, and times to hydraulic thresholds, all study plants except for two individuals (out of 60) recovered following rewatering. The recovery of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance was explained by the P50 values and isohydry. Conclusions This study raises new questions surrounding drought management strategies, recovery processes, and how lethal thresholds are defined. Further studies need to consider the role of water and carbon balance in allowing for both survival and recovery to drought.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Isthmura (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the montane cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Map of the type locality of Isthmura corrugata in the mountainous region of central Veracruz, Mexico and, habitat at the type locality. Photograph by R. Luría (left) and A. Sandoval-Comte (right).
FIGURE 1. The combined 16S in A new species of Isthmura (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the montane cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 1. The combined 16S and cytb mtDNA gene tree of Aquiloeurycea and Isthmura from maximum likelihood analysis. Numbers above branches correspond to bootstrap proportions, and numbers below branches correspond to posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis. Branch lengths are in estimated number of substitutions per site.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Isthmura (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the montane cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Osteological details of head and teeth detail of paratype of Isthmura corrugata: V= vomerine teeth, M= maxillary teeth and, PM= premaxillary teeth, PS= parasphenoid.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Isthmura (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the montane cloud forest of central Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Isthmura corrugata. A) Lateral and B) Ventral view. C) Coloration and form of costal grooves. D) Left hand (up) and left foot (down). E) Details of the head. F) Dorsal view. (G–H) Holotype (above) and paratype (below) dorsal and ventral coloration in preservation. All photographs by A. Sandoval-Comte.
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
<p>Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have unique climatic conditions, which allow the coexistence of plant lineages with different phytogeographic origins from tropical versus temperate climates. Future climate projections suggest TMCFs will be subjected to increasing drought stress due to fog uplift and higher temperatures, possibly leading to tree mortality and local extinctions, and consequently changes in forest composition and functioning. Characterising community functional composition, trade-offs among traits and the drivers of community assembly is of utmost importance to improve our capacity to predict the response of montane plant communities to forecast climate change.</p> <p>Here, we aimed to test if species from different phytogeographic origins (i.e. tropical - evergreen x deciduous - and temperate) differ in drought vulnerability and how the co-existence of these groups change the hydraulic composition of TMCF`s. We used a framework based on measurements of key hydraulic traits (i.e. xylem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, stomata control, turgor loss point, minimum water potential) of 16 dominant species (> 70% of the forest basal area) within a TMCF in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southeast Brazil. We used community-weighted means to model whether removing each species group would change the community hydraulic functional composition.</p> <p>Temperate, tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen groups differ in their hydraulic functioning and these differences explain forest functional composition and taxa dominance. Temperate and tropical deciduous taxa were consistently more vulnerable hydraulically (i.e. lower safety margins and embolism resistance). The coexistence of different phytogeographic lineages is a key determinant of TMCF hydraulic composition. We also used models including phylogeny to evaluate the variation of hydraulic traits across Phytogeographic groups, and the results suggest some niche conservatism associated with plant hydraulic functioning.</p> <p>Our results provide evidence of the importance of species phytogeographic origin on TMCF functioning, and niche conservatism in the evolution of hydraulic traits. The higher drought vulnerability observed in temperate group might be a mechanistic explanation for the expansion of temperate taxa distribution to wetter places during past colder and drier climate. Thus, we suggest hydraulic functional traits may be useful to predict future dynamics of TMCFs under changing climatic conditions.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Oberonia mahaeliyensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae), a new species from montane cloud forest of Sri Lanka
FIGURE 3. Vegetation of the type location in Horton Plains National Park (note the die-back stems). Photograph by Champika Bandara.
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus).
Responses of Surface Evaporative Fluxes in Montane Cloud Forests to the Climate Change Scenario
<p>CL_surfobs_raw.mat and LHC_nodew_new_raw.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output with atmospheric observations in Chi-Lan and Lien-Hua-Chih as input forcings.</p> <p>CLatm_LHC_prec*.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output in sensitivity tests for the rainfall pattern.</p> <p>CL_*_transform_raw.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output in CTL simulation and climate change sensitivity tests. </p> <p>Fig_*.m are matlab code files to reproduce figures in the article.</p> <p>Fig_11_ttest.m and Fig_11_LE_p_value.mat are the t-test for the decrease of latent heat flux in the diurnal cycle under climate change scenario and the resulting p-value.</p> <p>Fig_quantile.m and Fig_4_6_7_8_9_10_11_quantile.mat are to obtain first and third quantile of the changes of canopy water and surface heat fluxes in the diurnal cycle under climate change scenarios.</p>
FIGURE 4 in A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
FIGURE 4. Details of the hand (A), foot (B), and dorsal and lateral views of the head (C–D) of the adult male holotype of Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. (MZUA.AN.1475).
FIGURE 3 in A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of the preserved male holotype of Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. (MZUA.AN.1475; SVL 24.5 mm).
FIGURE 1 in A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
FIGURE 1. Map of Ecuador showing the distribution of Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. at the Tinajillas-Río Gualaceño Ecological Conservation Area, Morona Santiago, Ecuador.
FIGURE 2 in A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
FIGURE 2. Adult male holotype of Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. (MZUA.AN.1475, SVL 24.5 mm) and detail of flash marks on the groin, flanks, hidden surfaces of thighs and arm insertion.
FIGURE 5 in A new terrestrial frog (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the montane cloud forests of the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes
FIGURE 5. Color variation in specimens of Pristimantis nimbus sp. nov. A) MZUA.AN.1465 (SVL 25.0 mm), B) MZUA.AN.1472 (SVL 18.5 mm), C) MZUA.AN.0705 (SVL 17.7 mm).
Tracking climate vulnerability across spatial distribution and functional traits in Magnolia gentryi from the Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest
<p>Understanding the responses of tree species' functional traits to climate variability is essential for predicting the future of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species through acclimation, especially in Andean montane environments where fog pockets act as moisture traps. We studied the distribution of <em>Magnolia gentryi</em> to measure its spatial arrangement and identify local hotspots, while also evaluating the extent to which climate-related factors are associated with its distribution. Finally, we analyzed variations in 13 functional traits of <em>M. gentryi</em> and the climate links to infer the shaping plant acclimate capacity. Our results show that Andean TMCF climatic factors constrain <em>M. gentryi</em> spatial distribution with significant patches or gaps, associated with high precipitation rates and mean minimum temperature. The functional traits of <em>M. gentryi</em> are constrained by Andean TMCF climatic factors, resulting in reduced within-species acclimation in functional traits associated with a hydric deficit. The association between functional traits and climate oscillation is crucial for understanding the growth conditions of relict-endemic species and is essential for conservation efforts. Changes in forest trait diversity and species composition occur because of fluctuations in hydraulic safety–efficiency gradients.</p>
Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
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Data from: Linking coordinated hydraulic traits to drought and recovery responses in a tropical montane cloud forest
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Data from: Small montane cloud forest fragments are important for conserving tree diversity in the Ecuadorian Andes
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