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Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. Linear measurements used for morphological comparison. B-L in Fossil moles from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee): Implications for diversification and evolution of North American Talpidae
FIGURE 1. Linear measurements used for morphological comparison. B-L - buccolingual width; upper teeth - posterior-most tip of the metastyle to the lingual margin of the protocone; lower teeth - lingual-most tip of the metaconid to the buccal margin of the talonid. A-P - anteroposterior length; upper teeth - posterior-most tip of the metastyle to the anterior-most tip of the parastyle; lower teeth - anterior tip of the trigonid (paraconid) to the posterior end of the talonid (entostylid). TRI - width of the trigonid. TAL - width of the taloned basin. HL - total humerus length; proximal-most tip of greater tuberosity to distal-most point on capitulum. PW - width of the proximal end of the humerus: lateral most extent of the lesser tuberosity to the medial most aspect of the greater tuberosity. GT - length of the greater tuberosity. LT - length of the lesser tuberosity. DW - width of the distal end of the humerus: lateral most extent (entepicondylar process) to the medial most extent (ectepicondylar process). RL - total radius length: proximal-most tip of capitular process to distal-most tip of lunar articular facet. DL - length of the diaphysis. UF - length of the lunar articular facet. TUL - total ulna length; proximal-most tip of olecranon process to distal-most tip of terminal process. UL - ulna length without the olecranon fossa. Elements not to scale.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
FIGURE 1 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi. A. Stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E), C. Masson trichrome (MT), and E. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi. B. Stained with H-E, D. MT, and F. PAS. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis.
FIGURE 7 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
FIGURE 7 | Camera lucida drawings of sagittal sections of the pituitary gland, obtained by histological and immunohistochemical analysis, showing the distribution of adenohypophyseal cells of P. axelrodi A. and A. anisitsi B.. RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PI: pars intermedia; NH: neurohypophysis. () prolactin cells; () adrenocorticotropin cells () growth hormone; (Ê) gonadotropin cells; () somatolactin cells; (+) melanotropin cells.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
FIGURE 4 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
FIGURE 3 | Microphotographs of sagittal sections in the pituitary gland of Aphyocharax anisitsi showing the location of PRL- A. and ACTH- C. ir from the RPD and MSH- C. and SL- F. ir from the PI. Gray box shows the area of detail microphotographs. Details of PRL- B. and ACTH- D. ir from the RPD and MSH- E. and SL- G. ir from the PI. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Black star: neurohypophysis; MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PI: pars intermedia; PPD: proximal pars distalis; PRL: prolactin; RPD: rostral pars distalis; SL: somatolactin.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and immunohistochemical comparison of the pituitary gland between a tropical Paracheirodon axelrodi and a subtropical Aphyocharax anisitsi characids (Characiformes: Characidae)
FIGURE 2 | Details of various components of the pituitary gland of Paracheirodon axelrodi and Aphyocharax anisitsi. Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the A. RPD, B. PPD in P. axelrodi and C. PPD and D. PI in A. anisitsi stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (H-E). Microphotographs of sagittal sections of the E. PPD and F. PI of P. axelrodi and G. PPD and H. PI in A. anisitsi stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The delimited gray area corresponds to the neurohypophysis. Black arrowhead: blood vessel; RPD: rostral pars distalis; PPD: proximal pars disalis; PI: pars intermedia. Bars = 10µm.
Figure 7 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 7. Dendrogram produced by UPGMA clustering based on means of the 7 morphometric characters from 5 species.
Figure 6. PCA scatter plot for the 2 canonical variates generated from the 7 morphometric characters from 5 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 6. PCA scatter plot for the 2 canonical variates generated from the 7 morphometric characters from 5 species.
Figure 4 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 4. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, of the variable baculum types of N. labaumei.
Figure 3 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 3. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, of the different types of bacula of N. nehringi.
Figure 1 in Morphological and biometrical comparisons of the baculum in the genus Nannospalax Palmer, 1903 (Rodentia: Spalacidae) from Turkey with consideration of its taxonomic importance
Figure 1. Map showing the geographic origin of the investigated samples from Turkey. The numbers correspond to the localities given in Table 1.
Fig. 4. Morphological comparisons between Lower and Middle Jurassic African sauropod middle cervical vertebrae. A in Sauropod dinosaur remains from a new Early Jurassic locality in the Central High Atlas of Morocco
Fig. 4. Morphological comparisons between Lower and Middle Jurassic African sauropod middle cervical vertebrae. A. Pulanesaura (BP/1/6199; McPhee et al. 2015: fig. 4). B. Jobaria tiguendis (MNN TIG F40-49; PDM personal observation 2013). C. Eusauropoda indet. (NHMUK PV R36834). D. Spinophorosaurus nigerensis (Remes et al. 2009: fig. 3A). Scale bars 100 mm.
Figure 20 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 20. Pelvic girdles of Melanophryne. Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903) in lateral (A) and (B) dorsal aspects. Melanophryne carpish (KU 45614) in lateral (C) and (D) dorsal aspects. Grey denotes cartilage, and grey with stipples, mineralized cartilage.
Figure 18 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 18. Vertebral columns of Melanophyrne. Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903) in dorsal (A) aspect, and sacral region of vertebral column in ventral (B) aspect. Melanophryne carpish in dorsal (C) aspect and sacral region in ventral (D) aspect. Presacrals I, I +II and VIII are numbered. Note the conditions of the centra of Presacral VIII, procoelous in M. barbatula and amphicoelous in M. carpish. Grey areas are cartilage.
Figure 14 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 14. Pelvic girdles of Nelsonophryne. Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) aspects. Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773) in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) aspects. Grey denotes cartilage, and grey with stipples, mineralized cartilage.
Figure 13 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 13. Pectoral girdles of Nelsonophryne in ventral view. A, Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288). B, Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773). Note the absence of a clavicle and procoracoid cartilage in both species. Only the left scapula and suprascapula are shown, and these structures have been deflected into the ventral plane for the purposes of illustration. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage.
Figure 11 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 11. Hyoids of Nelsonophryne in ventral view. A, Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288). B, Nelsonophryne aterrima (KU 30773). Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage. ant proj, anterior projection; antlat proc, anterolateral process; hyogl mem, hyoglossal membrane; hyogl sinus, hyoglossal sinus; post proj, posterior projection; postlat proc, posterolateral process; postmed proc, posteromedial process.
Figure 19 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 19. Pectoral girdles of Melanophryne in ventral view. A, Melanophryne barbatula (MHNSM 19903). B, Melanophryne carpish (KU 45614). Only the left scapula and suprascapula are shown, and these structures have been deflected into the ventral plane for the purposes of illustration. Note the presence of a reduced clavicle and procoracoid cartilage in both species. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage.
Figure 10 in Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Günther 1901) and a new genus from Peru
Figure 10. Crania of Nelsonophyrne. Nelsonophryne aequatorialis (KU 178288) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) aspects. Nelsonophyrne aterrima (KU 30773) in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) aspects. Black and white stipple represents bone, whereas grey tone is cartilage; stippling in grey represents mineralization of the cartilage. al c, alary cartilage; ant ep em, anterior epiotic eminence; ch, choana; cr par, crista parotica; exoc, exoccipital; fpar, frontoparietal; lam, laminar bone; max, maxilla; med pnas proc, medial prenasal process; nas, nasal; neopal, neopalatine; op fen, optic fenestra; oper, operculum; p ext pl, pars externa plectri; p med pl, pars media plectri; palquad, palatoquadrate; pl ant, planum antorbitale; pmax, premaxilla; post ep em, posterior epiotic eminence; pre cer tect, precerebral tectum; pro for, prootic foramen; pro, prootic; prsph, parasphenoid; pter, pterygoid; qj, quadratojugal; spheneth, sphenethmoid; spmax, septomaxilla; sq, squamosal; tym ann, tympanic annulus; vom, vomer.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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