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Fig. 1 in The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis - Morphological indicators of development

Fig. 1. Embryonic stages of pejerrey. A) One cell stage: bd, blastodisc; f, adherent filaments; od, oil droplets; pv, perivitelline space; B) Two cells stage: bm, blastomeres; C) Blastula stage: b, blastula; D) Animal pole view at 25% epiboly stage, es, embryonic shield; gr, germinal ring; E) Vitelline veins stage: ol, ocular lenses; op, optic capsule, ot; otic capsules; sod, single oil drop; F) Pectorals fins stage: bv, bile vesicle; pf, pectoral fins; vv, vitelline veins. G) Hatching: n, notochord; o, otoliths; sb, swim bladder; sod, single oil droplet. A-F) bar = 0.5 mm; G) bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis - Morphological indicators of development

Fig. 6. Differences in the rate of fin fold restructuration among larvae. A-B) same age, same temperature and different finfold stages; C-D) same age, different temperature and different finfold stage; B-D) different temperature, same age and same finfold stage. A) 24ºC, 14 dph, TL=9.1 mm; B) 24ºC 14 dph, TL=11.7 mm; C) 17ºC 14 dph, TL=8.1 mm; D) 29ºC 14 dph, TL=11.1 mm. Bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 2. Fin fold reabsorption during larvae-juvenile transition. A in The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis - Morphological indicators of development

Fig. 2. Fin fold reabsorption during larvae-juvenile transition. A) The characteristic lobulated caudal fin showing the first fin rays (arrowhead) and the straight notochord (arrow); B) The second segment appeared (arrowhead) and the ray started to be aligned with the rostro-caudal axis (arrow); C) The ray aligned with the rostro-caudal axis (arrow); D) The forked homocercal caudal fin; E) Bifurcation of the central fin rays (arrowhead); F) The remnant fin-fold between the anus and the anal fin; G) The body shape acquires the adult conformation. A-F, bar = 0.5 mm; G = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis - Morphological indicators of development

Fig. 5. Body shape (DA applied on un-standardized residuals, N = 287, P <0.001). Discriminant function 2 versus discriminant function 1. Rearing temperature is indicated as black circles (FPT), triangles (MixPT) and black squares (MTP). Means and 95% confidence intervals correspond to FPT (circle), MixPT (triangle), and MTP (square).

Fig. 3 in The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis - Morphological indicators of development

Fig. 3. Total length (A), body weight (B), both in logarithmic scale, and Condition Factor (C) in relation to days post hatching (dph) and water temperature. Female producing temperature (FPT, filled circles and solid line), mixed-sex producing temperature (MixPT, empty circles and long dashed line), and male producing temperature (MPT, triangles and medium size dashed line). Note that when Condition Factor is considered as a function of Total length (D) dispersion diminishes. Lineal regression lines are indicated in order to show the tendency. Regression coefficients and r2 are indicated in Table 3.

Figure 15 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 15. Comparison of the changes between the larval and adult body plans during larval development. The horizontal axis represents developmental stages (Gosner, 1960). The curves plotted depict structural modifications, and the grey area represents metamorphic events that take place during the metamorphic climax (stages 42–46) for most anurans. The early occurrence of metamorphic events (predisplacement) is observed in the ceratophryine frogs, especially in Lepidobatrachus spp., that have precocious metamorphosis. Delayed metamorphic events take place in the development of Pseudis platensis, a species in which some morphological changes that imply the end of metamorphosis for most anurans have yet to finish.

Figure 13 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 13. Variation in structural changes in some external features. A, dorsal view of Lepidobatrachus llanensis at the end of metamorphosis. A small tail stub is present. B, lateral view of the same specimen in (A) showing the angle of the mouth far beyond the posterior margin of the eye. C, dorsal view of Chacophrys pierottii during metamorphosis. The tail has started to reduce. D, lateral view of the same specimen in (C). The disappearance of the caudal fin is advanced, and the angle of the mouth reaches the posterior margin of the eye. E and F, ventral and lateral views of a Pseudis platensis tadpole at the beginning of metamorphosis. The oral disc and keratinized buccal structures are still present, and the forelimbs have emerged, but the anal tube remains well developed. G and H, ventral and lateral views of a P. platensis tadpole during metamorphosis. Larval mouthparts have disappeared; tail regression has started with the reduction of the fins, whereas the disappearance of the anal tube is delayed. I, dorsal view of P. platensis at an advanced metamorphic stage. The tail is conserved and has reduced caudal fins. J, ventral view of the same specimen showing the absence of the anal tube, and features of the mouth that are similar to those present in most anurans at the end of metamorphosis. K, detail in lateral view of the position of the angle of the mouth posterior to the eye.

Figure 12 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 12. Hematoxylin–eosin cross sections (6-Mm thick) at the diaphyseal level of metatarsal IV in postmetamorphic specimens. Black arrowheads indicate lines of arrested growth (LAGs). A, Lepidobatrachus llanensis, five LAGs male [data for two adult males; 5 ± 1 (SVL 74.5 mm) and 6 ± 1 (SVL 74.1 mm)]. B, Lepidobatrachus laevis, six LAGs female [data for two adult females; 6 ± 1 (SVL 144 mm) and 7 ± 1 (SVL 111 mm)]. C, Chacophrys pierottii, four LAGs male [data for two adult males; 6 ± 1 (SVL 49.9 mm) and 4 ± 1 (SVL 45.2 mm)]. D, Ceratophrys cranwelli, 11 LAGs male [data for three adult males; 14 ± 1 (SVL 84.6 mm), 11 ± 1 (SVL 81 mm), and 13 ± 1 (SVL 74.3 mm)]. E, Pseudis platensis, two LAGs female [data for two adults (female and male); 2 ± 1 (SVL 46 mm) and 3 ± 1 (SVL 44.6 mm)]. F, Telmatobius atacamensis, juvenile specimen, two LAGs [data for an adult male; 5 ± 1 (SVL 45.4 mm) and for the juvenile 2 ± 1 (SVL 45 mm)]. Abbreviations: mc; marrow cavity. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 11 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 11. Mean, maximum, and minimum values of snout–vent lengths (SVLs) in advanced tadpoles (stages 38–41), during metamorphosis (stages 42–46), and in adults. Values of SVL are given in mm. Light-grey areas approximately represent the extension of larval development (LD) in months, and dark-grey areas refer to postmetamorphic growth (PG) in lines of arrested growth (LAGs). Lepidobatrachus llanensis: SVL in tadpoles (N = 15, SVL = 36.7 ± 3.4 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 26, SVL = 36.3 ± 5.8 mm); SVL of adults (N = 16, SVL = 76.5 ± 7.5 mm). Larval development takes place over a period of 2 weeks. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 6 years. Lepidobatrachus laevis: SVL in tadpoles (N = 12, SVL = 46.6 ± 2.8 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 26, SVL = 49.9 ± 7.8 mm); SVL of adults (N = 13, SVL = 99.2 ± 22.1 mm). Larval development takes over a period of 2 weeks. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 7 years. Chacophrys pierottii: SVL in tadpoles (N = 10, SVL = 46.3 ± 3.9 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 28, SVL = 36.3 ± 2.6 mm); SVL of adults (N = 15, SVL = 47.8 ± 2.7 mm). Larval development takes place over a period of 2 weeks. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 6 years. Ceratophrys cranwelli: SVL in tadpoles (N = 8, SVL = 26.3 ± 3.8 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 18, SVL = 27.5 ± 4.4 mm); SVL of adults (N = 10, SVL = 91.9 ± 12.7 mm). Larval development takes place over a period of 3 weeks. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 14 years. Pseudis platensis: SVL in tadpoles (N = 9, SVL = 46.3 ± 3.6 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 8, SVL = 37.4 ± 2.7 mm); SVL of adults (N = 7, SVL = 45.3 ± 5.0 mm). Larval development takes place over a period of 6 months. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 3 years. Telmatobius atacamensis: SVL in tadpoles (N = 11, SVL = 32.9 ± 3.4 mm); SVL of metamorphic specimens (N = 30, SVL = 31.0 ± 1.8 mm); SVL of adults (N = 2, SVL = 45.2 ± 1.0 mm). Larval development takes place over a period of 8 months. Postmetamorphic growth estimated in LAGs = 5 years.

Figure 14 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 14. Presence and absence of m. suspensoriohyoideus among selected anuran tadpoles, following the criteria proposed by Haas (2003) at larval stage 37. A, Pseudis platensis. The muscle is absent. B–F, the muscle is present. B, Telmatobius atacamensis. C, Lepidobatrachus laevis. D, Lepidobatrachus llanensis. E, Ceratophrys cranwelli. F, Chacophrys pierottii. The absence of m. suspensoriohyoideus was reported for Ceratophrys ornata, L. laevis (Ruibal & Thomas, 1988; Haas, 2003), and C. cranwelli (Vera Candioti, 2005), but Palavecino (1999) described it in C. ornata and C. cranwelli. Haas (2003) proposed that the absence of m. suspensoriohyoideus is a synapomorphy for the Ceratophrys and Lepidobatrachus clade, and Frost et al. (2006) extended the synapomorphy for Ceratophryini. Our data demonstrate the presence of the m. suspensoriohyoideous in tadpoles of the three genera of Ceratophryinae. Abbreviations: oh, m. orbitohyoideus; sh, m. suspensoriohyoideus. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 9. Palmar and plantar views of the autopodia in anurans at the end of metamorphosis, where subarticular turbercles are already well defined. A, Bombina variegata (foot): subarticular tubercles are absent and metatarsal tubercles are poorly developed. B, Bombina variegata (hand): subarticular tubercles are absent. C, Odontophrynus americanus (foot): subarticular tubercles are evident, and the inner metatarsal is not yet keratinized. D, Odontophrynus americanus (hand): subarticular tubercles are strongly developed. E, Pseudis platensis (foot): tubercles are absent and the inner metatarsal tubercle is defined. F, Pseudis platensis (hand): small subarticular tubercles are evident. G, Telmatobius atacamensis (foot): small subarticular tubercles and the inner metatarsal tubercle are present. H, Telmatobius atacamensis (hand): subarticular tubercles are better defined than in the foot. I, Lepidobatrachus llanensis (foot): subarticular tubercles are absent. The well-developed inner metatarsal tubercle and toe tips are keratinized. J, Lepidobatrachus llanensis (hand): subarticular tubercles are absent. K, Lepidobatrachus laevis (foot): subarticular tubercles are absent, and the inner metatarsal tubercle presents incipient keratinization. L, Lepidobatrachus laevis (hand): subarticular tubercles are absent. M, Ceratophrys cranwellii (foot): small subarticular tubercles are defined, and the inner metatarsal tubercles are poorly keratinized. N, Ceratophrys cranwelli (hand): small subarticular tubercles are present. O, Chacophrys pierottii (foot): subarticular tubercles are not prominent. Inner metatarsal tubercle has keratinization. P, Chacophrys pierottii (hand): subarticular tubercles are well developed. The pattern of distribution of subarticular tubercles is considered as diagnostic in most species, and development of these structures takes place at larval stages 38–40 (Gosner, 1960). Subarticular tubercles in manus and pes are also absent or poorly developed in Xenopus, Hymenochirus, Pipa, Ascaphus, Leiopelma, Alytes, Discoglossus, Madecassophryne, Stumpffia, Rhinoderma, Brachycephalus, Truebella, and Ansonia (Guibé, 1978; Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995; Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1998; Pombal & Gasparini, 2006, among others). Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

Figure 10 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 10. Total length (TL) versus snout–vent length (SVL) plotted for larval specimens of six species between stages 39 and 41. Ceratophrys cranwelli tadpoles (N = 8, TL = 61.8 ± 8.2 mm, SVL = 26.3 ± 3.8 mm) are the smallest. Pseudis platensis larvae (N = 9, TL = 129.5 ± 14.4 mm, SVL = 46.3 ± 3.6 mm) are the largest. Lepidobatrachus laevis (N = 12, TL = 98.3 ± 7.2 mm, SVL = 46.6 ± 2.8 mm) and Chacophrys pierottii (N = 10, TL = 106.5 ± 8.0 mm, SVL = 46.3 ± 3.9 mm) share with P. platensis similar values of SVL. Lepidobatrachus llanensis (N = 15, TL = 83.7 ± 7.5 mm, SVL = 36.7 ± 3.4 mm) and Telmatobius atacamensis (N = 11, TL = 84.6 ± 4.8 mm, SVL = 32.9 ± 3.4 mm) are similar in total length, but L. llanensis tadpoles have greater body sizes.

Figure 1 in Morphological evolution in Ceratophryinae frogs (Anura, Neobatrachia): the effects of heterochronic changes during larval development and metamorphosis

Figure 1. The hypothetic relationships among ten anuran taxa that resulted from the analyses of 102 morphological characters. A, the only tree that was obtained from the analysis of larval and adult characters. B, strict consensus of relationships obtained from the analysis of 61 larval characters. C, strict consensus of relationships obtained from the analysis of 41 adult characters.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Data from: Detecting the effects of rapid tectonically-induced subsidence on Mayotte Island since 2018 on beach and reef morphology, and implications for coastal vulnerability to marine flooding

This dataset contains data from the monitoring morphological evolution of beaches and coral reefs in Mayotte island.  Mayotte, part of the coral reef-fringed Comoro archipelago in the SW Indian Ocean, experienced in 2018 and 2019 an intense seismic crisis. The repeated earthquake activity since May 2018 has been associated with deformation of the surface of Mayotte, resulting in land subsidence. The earlier 2006-2008 profiles were realized using a Leica TC 407® total station, and referenced to local IGN 50 benchmarks. The more recent 2019, 2020, and 2021 surveys were carried out using a GNSS differential Trimble R8S® system. Given the rapid subsidence that has affected Mayotte, the benchmarks used in this study, like others in Mayotte, need to be recalibrated by the IGN (French Institut Géographique National) and SHOM. This has still not yet been done, as the final outcome of the vertical island movements is still not clear.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Effects of Charring on Squash (Cucurbita L ) Seed Morphology and Compression Strength: Implications for Paleoethnobotany Metric Data

Metric data resulting from a series of charring experiments on seeds from three species of squash: Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita maxima.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data: Effects of anterior temporal lobe resection on cortical morphology

Data used for analysis for the paper <a href="http://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2212.06529">Effects of anterior temporal lobe resection on cortical morphology</a>. Code used for the analysis can be found on github: <a href="https://github.com/cnnp-lab/2023Leiberg_ATLRmorphology">https://github.com/cnnp-lab/2023Leiberg_ATLRmorphology</a>. The folder "not_corrected" contains morphological data for each subject (pre and post surgery for individuals with TLE) and vertex before application of the gam correction, and corresponding meta data. File names indicate metrics (T=average cortical thickness, At=pial surface area, Ae=exposed surface area), hemispheres (lh=left hemisphere, rh=right hemisphere), and onset sides (RTLE=subjects with right onset TLE, LTLE=subjects with left onset TLE). Controls are included in each file, processed without the temporal lobe for rh_RTLE and lh_LTLE. The folder "age_sex_corrected" contains the data for subjects with TLE with age, sex, and scanning protocol effects removed. Both onset sides have been combined (RTLE hemispheres are switched), and the files contain data for both hemispheres pre- and postoperatively.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Data from: Effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and bacteria: a comparison of morphological and molecular approaches from a microcosm experiment

Data files and R code for the manuscript: Effects of fungicides on aquatic fungi and bacteria: a comparison of morphological and molecular approaches from a microcosm experiment. Published in Environmental Sciences Europe.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

figure 3 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 3 Variation in body pigmentation between different background coloration treatments during ethe xperimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – darkdark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

figure 4 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles

figure 4 The tadpole body coloration by treatment: day 0 – the start of the experiment, average pigmentation 69% of dark pixels, no treatment groups; day 20 of the experiment (day 20) – two treatment groups, Dark and Light, average pigmentation d – 93% and l – 62% of dark pixels; day 36 – the end of the experiment (day 36) – four treatments, dd – dark-dark treatment, ld – light-dark treatment, dl – dark-light treatment, ll – light-light treatment, average pigmentation dd – 90%, dl – 60%, ld – 91%, ll – 70% of dark pixels.