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81 results for “morphological measurements”
Measurement data for septal spacing and conch morphology in Cretaceous ammonoids
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Morphological measurements of the ant stinging apparatus associated with: Evolutionary simplification and functional shifts of the ant stinger
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Phenotype images of Gryllus personatus and five resulting morphological measurements
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Morphological measurements of two host specialists of the dipteran Tephritis conura, both in sympatry and allopatry
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Measurement of male and female morphologies in Mercurialis annua
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Data from: In situ measurements of animal morphological features; a non-invasive method
1) Measurements of morphological features are important for ecological studies, especially on free-ranging wild animal species. Conventionally, specimens either dead or in captivity are used for morphometric studies, which is difficult in the case of wild species for several reasons. Capturing would be even futile when research questions are relating to issues such as prey size selection or estimation of intake rate in under field conditions, where in situ morphometric measurements are inevitable. Remotely estimating morphometric features via, avian bill and head length are always laden with wide variances. Hence, we developed this technique for in situ measurements of animal morphology through digital photographs. 2) This non-invasive novel method for in situ estimation of individuals' morphometric measurements uses digital photographs' metadata. We extracted the metadata (field of view, focal length, subject-distance etc.,) in Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) from digital images using freely available software, and the unknown sizes were estimated from each image. Cardboard (fish) models were, at first, used to estimate the accuracy of measurements comparing actual and estimated values, and the same protocol was repeated on museum specimens (bird). Finally, we checked the repeatability of this method under field conditions using free ranging Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). The results under different conditions were subjected to rigorous statistical testing. 3) Upon comparing the actual with estimated values, obtained from three distinct types of objects (1. Cardboard model, 2. Museum specimens, and 3. Live birds under field conditions), variations were found non-significant affirming the assumption that actual value (Y) = estimated value (X) with inconsequential variance of the Y from X. Moreover, both the relative and absolute errors between the actual and estimated values were so low, indicating that this method yielded neither over-estimation nor under-estimation. 4) The advantage of this non-invasive method is that it could generate reasonably accurate morphometric measurements at a relatively low cost for routine morphometric works in field conditions. We envisage significant utility of this non-invasive technique in different fields of science such as biology, morphology, ecology, evolution, wildlife, conservation science, agriculture, forensics and engineering design.
Data from: Quantifying the effect of gape and morphology on bite force: biomechanical modeling and in vivo measurements in bats
Maximum bite force is an important metric of feeding performance that defines the dietary ecology of many vertebrates. In mammals, theoretical analyses and empirical studies suggest a trade-off between maximum bite force and gape at behavioural and evolutionary scales; in vivo bite force is expected to decrease at wide gapes, and cranial morphologies that enable high mechanical advantage are thought to have a lower ability to generate high bite forces at wide gapes, and vice versa. However, very few studies have confirmed these relationships in free-ranging mammals. This study uses an ecologically diverse sample of bats to document the variation in bite force with respect to gape angle, and applies three-dimensional models of the feeding apparatus to identify the major morphological and biomechanical predictors of the gape-bite force relationship. In vivo and model data corroborated that bite force decreases significantly at wide gapes across species, but there is substantial intraspecific variation in the data obtained from live bats. Results from biomechanical models, analysed within a phylogenetic framework, revealed that species with larger temporalis muscles, higher temporalis stretch factors and high mechanical advantages experience a steeper reduction in bite force with increasing gape. These trends are illustrated by short-faced durophagous frugivores. The results from this study suggest that gape-mediated changes in bite force can be explained both by behavioural effects and cranial morphology, and that these links are relevant for functional analyses of mammal dietary ecology.
FIGURES 1–12. Measurements and morphology. 1 in Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species
FIGURES 1–12. Measurements and morphology. 1, Male head of Elmohardyia martae sp. nov., dorsolateral view; 2, Female antenna of E. trinidadensis; 3, Male left wing of E. rosalinae sp. nov.; 4, Male abdomen of E. quadricornis sp. nov., dorsal view; 5, Male tergite 6 and sternites 6, 7 of E. quadricornis sp. nov., ventral view; 6, Syntergosternite 8 of E. quadricornis sp. nov., posterior view; 7, Male terminalia of E. trinidadensis, ventral view; 8, Epandrium, surstyli and subepandrial sclerite of E. cheliformis sp. nov., dorsal view; 9, Hypandrium and gonopods of E. quadricornis sp. nov., ventral view; 10, Phallic guide, phallus, hypandrium and ejaculatory apodeme of E. formosa sp. nov., lateral view; 11, Phallic guide and phallus of E. distincta sp. nov., lateral view; l2, Ovipositor of E. formosa sp. nov., lateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa
FIGURE 2. Juvenile female manta ray (Manta birostris) from Durban, South Africa: (a) anterior dorsal coloration; (b) ventral view showing natural markings; (c) lateral view of dorsal fin and base of tail.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological measurements of manta rays (Manta birostris) with a description of a foetus from the east coast of Southern Africa
FIGURE 1. Male manta ray (Manta birostris) foetus collected from Paindane Beach, Mozambique: (a) anterior view showing dorsally folded pectoral fins; (b) dorsal view showing pectoral fin measurements P1, P2 and P3; (c) ventral view showing natural markings; (d) open umbilical scar; (e) detail of teeth on lower jaw; (f) clasper.
FIGURE 2. Interpretative images illustrating morphological terms and measured characters. A in Four new species and a ribosomal phylogeny of Rhabdopleura (Hemichordata: Graptolithina) from New Zealand, with a review and key to all described extant taxa
FIGURE 2. Interpretative images illustrating morphological terms and measured characters. A, part of creeping tube (ct) of an unidentified Rhabdopleura (NIWA 158518) from Kermadec Ridge, with flat lateral margin (flm), faint oblique fusellar sutures and two ringed erect tubes (et) produced directly from the frontal surface of a creeping tube. B, distal end of an erect tube of Rhabdopleura francesca n. sp. (NIWA 158157), showing a vertical series of ring-like fuselli (f), the rim of each comprising a curled fusellar collar (fc). Tube diameter (td) is measured between fusellar collars; fusellus height (fh) is the distance between the bases of a pair of fusellar collars. C, transmitted-light image of part of a principal ('creeping') tube of R. emancipata n. sp. (NIWA 161211) showing a young zooid with contracted arm tentacles (at), stomach (st), rectum (r) and cephalic shield (cs), part of which is concealed by the reddish-brown stolon (black stolon or pectocaulus). D, aperture of an erect tube of R. francesca n. sp.; note the smooth-surfaced interior devoid of vertical fusellar fibrils. E, part of a creeping tube of an unidentified Rhabdopleura (NIWA 90267) from Cavalli Seamount with frontal fusellar sutures (fs, two arrowed). The white lines show the zigzag (zz) portion of the sutures (note the proximalwards shift to the left), with zigzags rendered as straight lines between points of intersection, regardless of suture curvature, to obtain measured angles (one example shown). F, close-up of part of R. francesca n. sp. (NIWA 158157) showing chains of dark 'dormant buds' (db) lying upon short stretches of the black stolon (bs); walls of enveloping creeping tubes almost invisible in image.
Morphological measurements in a coastal Ecuadorian avifauna
<p>This dataset contains measurement of six morphological variables in 3444 individual birds. These birds were captured using mist-nets in the Reserva Jama-Coaque, operated by the Third Millennium Alliance, Manabí, Ecuador (0° 6' 57.75" S, 80° 7' 28.20" W) Data were collected in 2018 and 2019. The variables included here are unflattened wing chord, length of longest retrix, bill length from nares to tip, bill width at nares, bill depth at nares, and weight, as described in Pyle (1997). Also included are measurements of elevation of the sites at which birds were captured, and age and sex characteristics, when these could be determined. </p>
FIGURE 3. Dendrogram generated from PATN analyses using Czekanowski metric association measures the dataset comprising eight samples and 133 in Stolonochloa, a new Australian genus segregated from Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae: Boivinellinae) based on phenetic analysis of morphological data
FIGURE 3. Dendrogram generated from PATN analyses using Czekanowski metric association measures the dataset comprising eight samples and 133 morphological characters. Classification strategy set at flexible UPGMA agglomerative hierarchical fusion technique with Beta = -0.10.
FIGURE 1. Dendrogram generated from PATN analyses using Gower association measures the dataset comprising 21 samples and 133 in Stolonochloa, a new Australian genus segregated from Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae: Boivinellinae) based on phenetic analysis of morphological data
FIGURE 1. Dendrogram generated from PATN analyses using Gower association measures the dataset comprising 21 samples and 133 morphological characters. Classification strategy set at flexible UPGMA agglomerative hierarchical fusion technique with Beta = -0.10.
Morphological measurements of six cave and nine surface Asellus aquaticus populations
<p>The dataset contains data of 17 functional morphological traits measured on 656 individuals from the <i>Asellus aquaticus</i> species complex from six cave and nine surface populations from four countries. The measured traits are covering a wide range of functionalities including locomotion, fecundity and sensing. By including individuals from both sex, and from surface and cave habitats questions concerning troglomorphic adaptation and sexual dimorphism and their interaction can be addressed.</p>
Comparative shell morphology of the rare land snails Levantina ninivita and Levantina escheriana (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in south-eastern Türkiye (Table for measurements)
<div>Title:</div> <div>Comparative Shell Morphology of the Rare Land Snails Levantina ninivita and Levantina escheriana (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in South-Eastern Türkiye</div> <div> </div> <div>Description:</div> <div>This study presents a comparative analysis of the shell morphology of the rare land snails Levantina ninivita and Levantina escheriana (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in south-eastern Türkiye. The dataset includes detailed measurements of shell dimensions for both species, specifically focusing on shell height (shh), shell width (shw), aperture height (aph), aperture width (apw), spire height (sph), and body whorl height (bwh). </div>
TABLE 1. Host species and morphological measurements for the 13 in A new species of the fish louse genus Dipteropeltis Calman, 1912 (Crustacea: Branchiura) from Peru
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Host species and morphological measurements for the 13 specimens collected. Groups correspond to <i>Dipteropeltis longicaudatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> adults (I) and juveniles (II), as well as <i>Dipteropeltis hirundo</i> (III). Specimen I.2 is the holotype (MUSM 5128). Specimen II.1 was found on host <i>Brycon amazonicus</i>; no measurements were taken before its loss. Gravid specimens denoted with asterisk (*). Measurements and ratios are based on Neethling <i>et al</i>. 2014: abdomen length (AL), abdomen split length (ASL), carapace split length (CSL), distance from head to abdominal lobe end (HA), distance from head to carapace lobe end (HC), and sucker diameter (SD). Units are in millimeters (mm).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Specimen ID</b></th><th><b>Host species</b></th><th><b>AL</b></th><th><b>ASL</b></th><th><b>CSL</b></th><th><b>HA</b></th><th><b>HC</b></th><th><b>SD</b></th><th><b>HC/HA</b></th><th><b>HA/HC</b></th><th><b>CSL/HC</b></th><th><b>ASL/AL</b></th><th><b>AL/HA</b></th><th><b>AL/HC</b></th><th><b>SD/HA</b></th><th><b>SD/HC</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>I.1*</b></th><td><i>Triportheus albus</i></td><td>11.3</td><td>10.4</td><td>6.3</td><td>19.0</td><td>9.5</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.50</td><td>2.00</td><td>0.66</td><td>0.92</td><td>0.59</td><td>1.19</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.11</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.2*</b></th><td><i>Triportheus albus</i></td><td>11.0</td><td>9.5</td><td>7.0</td><td>17.5</td><td>10.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.57</td><td>1.75</td><td>0.70</td><td>0.86</td><td>0.63</td><td>1.10</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.10</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.3</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>8.0</td><td>7.0</td><td>6.5</td><td>14.0</td><td>8.5</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.61</td><td>1.65</td><td>0.76</td><td>0.88</td><td>0.57</td><td>0.94</td><td>0.07</td><td>0.12</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.4*</b></th><td><i>Triportheus albus</i></td><td>22.0</td><td>20.5</td><td>12.5</td><td>31.5</td><td>16.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>0.51</td><td>1.97</td><td>0.78</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.38</td><td>0.03</td><td>0.06</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.5</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>12.5</td><td>10.5</td><td>5.5</td><td>19.5</td><td>7.5</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.38</td><td>2.60</td><td>0.73</td><td>0.84</td><td>0.64</td><td>1.67</td><td>0.04</td><td>0.10</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.6</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>7.0</td><td>6.5</td><td>5.0</td><td>11.0</td><td>7.5</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.68</td><td>1.47</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.64</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.07</td><td>0.10</td></tr><tr><th><b>I.7</b></th><td><i>Triportheus albus</i></td><td>7.0</td><td>5.5</td><td>5.0</td><td>13.0</td><td>7.5</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.58</td><td>1.73</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.79</td><td>0.54</td><td>0.93</td><td>0.06</td><td>0.10</td></tr><tr><th><b>II.2</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>1.5</td><td>1.3</td><td>1.5</td><td>4.5</td><td>3.0</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.50</td><td>0.83</td><td>0.33</td><td>0.50</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.17</td></tr><tr><th><b>II.3</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>1.5</td><td>1.0</td><td>2.0</td><td>5.0</td><td>3.5</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.70</td><td>1.43</td><td>0.57</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.30</td><td>0.43</td><td>0.10</td><td>0.14</td></tr><tr><th><b>II.4</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>0.8</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.8</td><td>3.0</td><td>2.0</td><td>0.3</td><td>0.67</td><td>1.50</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.67</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.08</td><td>0.13</td></tr><tr><th><b>II.5</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>1.3</td><td>1.0</td><td>2.0</td><td>4.5</td><td>3.3</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.72</td><td>1.38</td><td>0.62</td><td>0.80</td><td>0.28</td><td>0.38</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.15</td></tr><tr><th><b>II.6</b></th><td><i>Triportheus albus</i></td><td>1.0</td><td>0.8</td><td>1.0</td><td>3.5</td><td>2.5</td><td>0.5</td><td>0.71</td><td>1.40</td><td>0.40</td><td>0.75</td><td>0.29</td><td>0.40</td><td>0.14</td><td>0.20</td></tr><tr><th><b>III.1*</b></th><td><i>Brycon amazonicus</i></td><td>4.7</td><td>4.0</td><td>11.0</td><td>13.5</td><td>14.7</td><td>0.75</td><td>1.09</td><td>0.92</td><td>0.75</td><td>0.85</td><td>0.35</td><td>0.32</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.05</td></tr></tbody></table>
Field measurement data of hydrodynamic and morphological processes in the mangrove forest of Lac Bay, Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands
<p>31-10-2024, Rik Gijsman</p> <p>_________________________________________________________<br>Dataset of field measurement of hydrodynamic and morphological processes in the mangrove forest of Lac Bay, Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands.</p> <p>_________________________________________________________<br>For more information please see scientific publication:</p> <p>Gijsman, R., Engel, S., van der Wal, D., van Zee, R., Johnson, J., van der Geest, M., Wijnberg, K.M. and Horstman, E.M. (2024). <strong>The Importance of Tidal Creeks for Mangrove Survival on Small Oceanic Islands</strong>. <em>Unpublished Manuscript</em>.</p> <p>_________________________________________________________</p> <p>Dataset contains: </p> <ol> <li>Timeseries data from field instruments: <br> <ol> <li>Atmospheric pressure</li> <li>Water depth</li> <li>Water level</li> <li>Flow velocity</li> <li>Waves</li> <li>Turbidity</li> <li>Rainfall</li> <li>Temperature</li> <li>Wind</li> <li>Tidal creek flows</li> <li>Tidal creek transport</li> <li>Lagoon suspension</li> </ol> </li> <li>Mapped data of field surveys: <ol> <li>Bathymetry and creek profiles</li> <li>Sediment characteristics</li> </ol> </li> <li>Python script for importing and plotting data</li> <li>Overview map with shapefiles of instrument location coordinates</li> </ol> <p>________________________________________<br>Additional notes for your information:</p> <ul> <li>Timeseries data stored in .txt files</li> <li>Visualization of data in .txt files provided with accompanying .png files</li> <li>Timeseries data of Hobo sensors, Rain gauge and KNMI station interpolated between 19-01-2022 00:00:00 and 18-05-2022 23:55:00 (120 days) on 5 minute intervals </li> <li>Timeseries data of other sensors interpolated between 19-01-2022 00:00:00 and 08-03-2022 23:55:00 (49 days) on 5 minute intervals</li> <li>Column headers show instrument station abbreviation</li> <li>Datetime in local timezone of Bonaire (GMT-4)</li> <li>When a property (e.g., water depth) was measured by different instruments, the instrument used is mentioned in the file name, e.g. "water_depth_hobo.txt"</li> <li>Measurements from KNMI (The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute) station 990 were included in the dataset and indicated with '_knmi' in the file name. Data obtained from 'https://www.knmi.nl/nederland-nu/klimatologie/uurgegevens_Caribisch_gebied' </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: How do morphological sharpness measures relate to puncture performance in viperid snake fangs?
It makes intuitive sense that you need a sharp tool to puncture through a tough material. The typical approach to evaluating sharpness in biological puncturing tools is to treat morphological measurements as a proxy for puncture ability. However there are multiple approaches to measuring sharpness, and the relative influence of morphology on function remains unclear. Our goal is to determine what aspects of tip morphology have the greatest impact on puncture ability, using a) viper fangs and b) engineered punches to isolate the effects of different sharpness measures. Our results indicate that tip included angle is the strongest predictor of puncture performance in both viper fangs and engineered punches. For puncture tools with small included angles, sharpness index (based on radius of curvature) also affects puncture ability. Finally, we found that punches serve as good predictors of fang performance at small angles and sharpness index values.
Figure 4. Aculeus tip measurements for adult females. W3 in Terellia fuscicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological and morphological adaptation on artichoke and milk thistle
Figure 4. Aculeus tip measurements for adult females. W3, aculeus tip width; W1, width 1; W2, width 2; ratio 1, L1:L; ratio 2, L2:L.
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