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101
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101 results for “morphological phenotype”
Phenotypic and ecological data from: Widespread convergent morphological evolution within the largest family of songbirds
<p>Although convergence is a common evolutionary phenomenon, few studies have quantified its prevalence across a large, densely sampled clade. Large-scale phylogenies and the advent of novel computational methods facilitate more robust identification of convergent events and their statistical significance. The tanagers (Aves: Thraupidae), the largest family of songbirds, offer an excellent opportunity to study the extent of phenotypic convergence in response to similar ecological pressures on a continental scale. To investigate convergence in the group, we used the largest phylogenetic and multivariate morphological dataset to date for the clade. First, we used phylogenetic comparative analyses to show a correlation between diet and aspects of bill shape. We then investigated our dataset for the presence and magnitude of convergent events and assessed significance through simulations and modeling analyses. Overall, we found that around half (45.3%) of species and clades we tested have converged in morphological space more than would be expected by chance alone. Our study shows that across Thraupidae, various bill shapes have evolved convergently to fill multiple distinct sections of ecological niche space, reflecting a signal of ecological opportunity and structural constraints.</p>
Apparent differential phenotypic responses by kelp forest grazers to disease-driven removal of sea star predators; [Data: Tegula shell morphology, GSI, stable isotope analysis]
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Phenotypic and ecological data from: Widespread convergent morphological evolution within the largest family of songbirds
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Data from: Macroevolution of body extremities reveals an integrated phenotypic response of coloration and morphology to temperature in a large clade of Neotropical passerines (Furnariida)
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Phenotypic traits evolution and morphological traits associated with echolocation calls in cryptic horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae)
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Exploring the genotype-to-phenotype map using quantifiable patterns in metazoan genomic and morphological data
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Stay in shape: assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum through phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
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Phenotype images of Gryllus personatus and five resulting morphological measurements
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Temporal instability of lake charr phenotypes: Synchronicity of growth rates and morphology linked to environmental variables?
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Data from: Morphological novelty emerges from pre-existing phenotypic plasticity
Plasticity-first evolution (PFE) posits that novel features arise when selection refines pre-existing phenotypic plasticity into an adaptive phenotype. However, PFE is controversial because few tests have been conducted in natural populations. Here we present evidence that PFE fostered the origin of an evolutionary novelty that allowed certain amphibians to invade a new niche—a distinctive carnivore morph. We compared morphology, gene expression and growth of three species of spadefoot toad tadpoles when reared on alternative diets: Scaphiopus holbrookii, which (like most frogs) never produce carnivores; Spea multiplicata, which sometimes produce carnivores, but only through diet-induced plasticity; and Spea bombifrons, which often produce carnivores regardless of diet. Consistent with PFE, we found diet-induced plasticity—in morphology and gene expression—in Sc. holbrookii, adaptive refinement of this plasticity in Sp. multiplicata, and further refinement of the carnivore phenotype in Sp. bombifrons. Generally, phenotypic plasticity might play a significant, if underappreciated, role in evolutionary innovation.
Data from: Physical and physiological impacts of ocean warming alter phenotypic selection on sperm morphology
<ol> <li>Global warming may threaten fertility, which is a key component of individual fitness and vital for population persistence. For males, fertility relies on the ability of sperm to collide and fuse with eggs; consequently, sperm morphology is predicted to be a prime target of selection owing to its effects on male function.</li> <li>In aquatic environments, warming will expose gametes of external fertilisers to the physiological effects of higher temperature and the physical effects of lower viscosity. However, the consequences of either effect for fertility, and for selection acting on sperm traits to maintain fertility, are poorly understood.</li> <li>Here, we test how independent changes in water temperature and viscosity alter male fertility and selection on sperm morphology in an externally-fertilising marine tubeworm. To create five fertilisation environments, we manipulate temperature to reflect current-day conditions (16.5°C), projected near-term warming (21°C), and projected long-term warming (25°C), then adjust two more environments at 21°C and 25°C to the viscosity of environments at 16.5°C and 21°C, respectively. We then use a split-ejaculate design to measure the fertility of focal males, and selection on their sperm, in each environment.</li> <li>Projected changes in temperature and viscosity act independently to reduce male fertility, but act jointly to alter selection on sperm morphology. Specifically, environments resulting from projected warming alter selection on the sperm midpiece in ways that suggest shifts in the energetic challenges of functioning under stressful conditions. Selection also targets sperm head dimensions and tail length, irrespective of environment.</li> <li>We provide the first evidence that projected changes in ocean temperature and viscosity will not only impact the fertility of marine external fertilisers, but expose their gametes to novel selection pressures that may drive them to adapt in response if gamete phenotypes are sufficiently heritable.</li> </ol> <p> </p>
FIGURES 45 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 45. Boostrap consensus tree of 100 most parsimonious trees reconstructed (63 informative characters of 42 taxa); bootsrap support values are indicated above branches.
FIGURES 39–40 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 39–40. Paroster michaelseni (third-instar larva): (39) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (40) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 33–34 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 33–34. Paroster couragei (third-instar larva): (33) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (34) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 25–26 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 25–26. Paroster microsturtensis (third-instar larva): (25) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (26) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 27–28 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 27–28. Paroster stegastos (third-instar larva): (27) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (28) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 17–18 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 17–18. Paroster darlotensis, metathoracic leg (third-instar larva): (17) anterior aspect; (18) posterior aspect. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.
FIGURES 21–22 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 21–22. Paroster macrosturtensis (third-instar larva): (21) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (22) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.
FIGURES 5–9 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 5–9. Paroster darlotensis (first-instar larva), head appendages: (5) mandible, dorsal aspect; (6–7) maxilla, (6) dorsal aspect; (7) ventral aspect; (8–9) labium; (8) dorsal aspect; (9) ventral aspect. LA, labium; MN, mandible; MX, maxilla. Numbers and lowercase letters refer to primary setae and pores, respectively. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.
FIGURES 23–24 in Larval morphology of Paroster Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae): reinforcement of the hypothesis of monophyletic origin and discussion of phenotypic accommodation to a hypogaeic environment
FIGURES 23–24. Paroster mesosturtensis (third-instar larva): (23) head capsule, dorsal aspect (not all secondary setae represented); (24) abdominal segment eight and proximal portion of urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Scale bars = 0.20 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.