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Fig. 6 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 6. Suture lines of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids from sample Ang-4, block No. 1, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. A–H. ZPAL N. IV/109, 111, 10, 27, 56, 51, 48, and 9, respectively. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 1 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 1. Loose block No. 1 of a stromatolitic limestone with abundant nautiloid conchs of the Ust-kut Formation (latest Furongian or earliest Tremadocian) found on the left bank of the Angara River at the former village Pashino. A. The block partially exploited for fossils. B. Stromatolite columns with empty cavities and a laminar cover above. C. A piece of the rock with exposed nautiloids. D. Polished rock surface (note similarity of the specimen in the middle to the holotype of Ruthenoceras elongatum Korde, 1949). E. Naturally abraded upper surface of the stromatolite columns.

Fig. 12 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 12. Relationships between the basic conch geometry aspects of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids from sample Ang-4, block No. 1, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. A. With an increase of septum depth its obliquity increases even stronger but the correlation is rather loose. B. If non-linear correspondence to ontogeny of these phragmocone aspects is ignored, the pattern of variability appears roughly unimodal. C–E. Also the distribution of indices of the living chamber elongation, septum inclination and depth does not reveal any multimodality. The regression lines in A and B are intuitive (drawn by hand and not computed) because only one dimension (aperture height) is measurable in smallest conchs.

Fig. 11 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 11. Ontogenetic change of conch geometry aspects of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids from sample Ang-4, block No. 1, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. Aperture height is used as a measure of an individual age. A–C. Characters with linear growth pattern. D–G. Characters with non-linear growth pattern. The regression lines are intuitive (drawn by hand and not computed) because only one dimension (aperture height) is measurable in smallest conchs.

Fig. 7 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 7. Medial sections of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids interpreted below as Ruthenoceras elongatum Korde, 1949, from sample Ang-4, block No. 1, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. A, B. Mature phragmocones with moderately oblique septa, ZPAL N. IV/14 and 15, respectively. C. Almost complete juvenile phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/92 showing extend of diaphragms in the siphuncle. D–G. Apical parts of phragmocones (not strictly medial sections), ZPAL N. IV/115, 118, 121, and 125, respectively. H. Mature phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/16 with extremely oblique septa. I. Straight part of the phragmocone ZPAL N. IV/17 with oblique diaphragms. Wet ground surfaces (A1, B, C1, D–G, H1, I) and acetate peels (A2, C2, H2).

Fig. 2 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 2. Exposure of the source strata for the blocks with nautiloids found a few kilometers upstream the Angara River. A. Transition from the Ust-kut to Iya Formation. B. Top of the limestone succession of the Ust-kut Formation. C. Columnar stromatolite and limestone of the Ust-kut Formation. D. Field sketch of the section showing position of conodont samples and probable correspondence between the strata exposed and the loose blocks.

Fig. 3 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 3. Conodonts from the probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation from the exposure at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia, samples Ang-4, block No. 1 (A–E; Fig. 1) and Ang-1, topmost limestone layer (F–N; Fig. 2B). A, K–N. Utahconus(?) eurypterus (Abaimova, 1971), ZPAL N. IV/163, 168, 169, 170, and 172, respectively. B–J. Laurentoscandodus triangularis (Furnish, 1938), ZPAL N. IV/165, 166, 167, 173, 174, 175, 177, and 176, respectively; in posterior views, except for medial view in L1 and occlusals view in M1 and N2. Tentative identification of elements locations indicated S, S0, M, P.

Fig. 4 in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia

Fig. 4. Benthic bellerophontid and monoplacophoran molluscs from the probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation from the exposure at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia; samples Ang-4, block No. 1 (A, B, D) and Ang-1, topmost limestone bed (C, E–I). A, B. Sinuitopsis sp. nov., ZPAL N. IV/154 and 155, in external (A1, B1) and lateral (A2, B2) views. C. Bellerophontid gen. et sp. nov. ZPAL N. IV/156, in lateral (C1) and external (C2) views. D. Hypseloconid ZPAL N. IV/157, in anterior (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. Monoplacophoran? ZPAL N. IV/158, in dorsal (E1) and lateral (E2) views. F–I. Phosphatised conchs of juvenile individuals probably representing the same species as that on C; ZPAL NIV/162, 161, 160, and 159, respectively, in lateral (F1, H, and I) and apertural (F2, G) views.

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Fig.5 in Genetic And Morphological Variability Of Small Vendace (Coregonus Albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) Population In Three Latvian Lakes

Fig.5. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of the genetic structuring among the three vendace populations. A). PC1 and PC2 explain 25.50% and 21.88% of the total variation, respectively (by allozyme markers); B). PC1 and PC2 explain 19.52% and 13.73% of the total variation, respectively (by RAPD markers).

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Fig. 4 in Genetic And Morphological Variability Of Small Vendace (Coregonus Albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) Population In Three Latvian Lakes

Fig. 4. Number of RAPD loci and gene diversity of Coregonus albula in three Latvian lakes, based on RAPD markers.

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Fig.3 in Genetic And Morphological Variability Of Small Vendace (Coregonus Albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) Population In Three Latvian Lakes

Fig.3. Allelic richness and polymorphism in Coregonus albula populations in studied lakes based on allozyme markers.

Figs. 1–12 in Review of the millipedes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East of Russia), with detection of the morphological variability of Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899) (Diplopoda)

Figs. 1–12. Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899). Variation in structure of the posterior angiocoxal process of posterior gonopod. 1 — from Anuchinsky District, Primorsky Krai; 2 — from Mt. Ko, Khabarovsky Krai; 3 — from Vladivostok, Okeanskaya Station, Primorsky Krai; (1st copy); 4 — from Vladivostok, Okeanskaya Station, Primorsky Krai; (2st copy); 5 — from Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 6 — from Popova Island, Primorsky Krai; (1st copy); 7 — from Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 8 — from Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 9 — from Sikhote-Alin Nature Biosphere Reserve (floodplain terrace, Yasnaya River), Primorsky Krai; 10 — from Chuguevsky District, Verkhneussuriysky Research Station, Primorsky Krai; 11 — from Popova Island, Primorsky Krai; (2st copy); 12 — from Sikhote-Alin Nature Biosphere Reserve, Blagodatnoe, Ozerny Stream, Primorsky Krai; a — apical outgrowth; b — finger-shaped process; m — mesal protrusion. Scale in mm (0.5)

Figs. 13–16 in Review of the millipedes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East of Russia), with detection of the morphological variability of Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899) (Diplopoda)

Figs. 13–16. Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899). Posterior angiocoxal processes of posterior gonopods. 13 — from Mt. Ko, Khabarovsky Krai; 14 — from Vladivostok, Okeanskaya Station, Primorsky Krai; 15 — from Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 16 — from Sikhote-Alin Nature Biosphere Reserve, Blagodatnoe, Ozerny Stream, Primorsky Krai; a — apical outgrowth; b — finger-shaped process; m — mesal protrusion. Scales: 100 μm

Figs. 21–24 in Review of the millipedes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East of Russia), with detection of the morphological variability of Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899) (Diplopoda)

Figs. 21–24. Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899). Coxae of male leg pair 11, front view. 21 — from Mt. Ko, Khabarovsky Krai; 22 — from Vladivostok, Okeanskaya Station, Primorsky Krai; 23 — from Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 24 — from SikhoteAlin Nature Biosphere Reserve, Blagodatnoe, Ozerny Stream, Primorsky Krai; p — coxal process. Scales: 100 μm Рис. 21–24. Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899). Коксы 11-й пары ног самца, виΑ спереΑи: 21 — с горы Ко в Хабаровском крае; 22 — из ВΛаΑивостока, станция Океанская; 23 — из Αазовского заповеΑника в Приморском крае; 24 — из СихотэАΛинского заповеΑника (урочище БΛагоΑатное, кΛюч Озёрный) в Приморском крае; р — коксаΛьный отросток. Масштабы: 100 μm

Figs. 17–20 in Review of the millipedes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East of Russia), with detection of the morphological variability of Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899) (Diplopoda)

Figs. 17–20. Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899). Gonopods, caudal view. 17 — from Mt. Ko, Khabarovsky Krai; 18 — from Vladivostok, Okeanskaya Station, Primorsky Krai; 19 — from Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Primorsky Krai; 20 — from Sikhote-Alin Nature Biosphere Reserve, Blagodatnoe, Ozerny Stream, Primorsky Krai; a — apical outgrowth; b — finger-shaped process; m — mesal protrusion. Scales: 100 μm

Map. Species diversity of Diplopoda within the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve. The numbers of the natural landmarks (1–18) are explained in the "Material and Methods section" Карта. ВиΑовое разнообразие Αвупарноногих многоножек в Сихотэ-АΛинском заповеΑнике. Номера урочищ (1–18) поясняются в разΑеΛе «МатериаΛ и метоΑы» in Review of the millipedes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East of Russia), with detection of the morphological variability of Diplomaragna terricolor (Attems, 1899) (Diplopoda)

Map. Species diversity of Diplopoda within the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve. The numbers of the natural landmarks (1–18) are explained in the "Material and Methods section" Карта. ВиΑовое разнообразие Αвупарноногих многоножек в Сихотэ-АΛинском заповеΑнике. Номера урочищ (1–18) поясняются в разΑеΛе «МатериаΛ и метоΑы»

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Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy

Fig. 2 Box plots displaying correlations between cell size (of motile cells; A, B) or side length (of empty thecate cells; C) in selected strains. Colours correspond to the ribotype of each strain (blue: ribotype I; magenta: ribotype II; orange: ribotype III). Statistically significant clusters are indicated with letters a, b and c and were calculated with Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test (p-values <0.05). Box plots depict percentile values from 25–75% (box), median (bar inside the box), standard deviation (whiskers) and outliers (dots)

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◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM793; c apical view of strain GeoK044; d ventral view of strain GeoK037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM788; f apical view of strain GeoK024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM866; i motile cell of strain GeoK037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM866, l GeoM793 and m GeoK024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy

◂Fig. 1 Morphology of thecate and coccoid cells, with labelled thecal plates. a–c, i, m Light microscopy, d–h, k–l scanning electron microscopy. a Ventral view of strain GeoM*788; b dorsal view of strain GeoM*793; c apical view of strain GeoK*044; d ventral view of strain GeoK*037; e dorsal view of strain GeoM*788; f apical view of strain GeoK*024, with the dehiscence of epithecal opening indicated by a blue line; g antapical view of strain GeoK*044; h leftlateral view of strain GeoM*866; i motile cell of strain GeoK*037; k–m coccoid cells showing variability in shape and size of strains k GeoM*866, l GeoM*793 and m GeoK*024. Abbreviations: n′: apical plate, n′′: precingular plate, n′′′: postcingular plate, n′′′′: antapical plate, na: anterior intercalary plate, nC: cingular plate, Sa: anterior sulcal plate, Sd: right sulcal plate, Sp: posterior sulcal plate. Ss: left sulcal plate. Scale bar: 10 µm. UA: 15 kV

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◂Fig. 4 A molecular tree of 51 systematically representative Peridiniaceae, including all 28 accessions assignable to P. volzii. Maximum Likelihood tree (–ln = 22,017.62), as inferred from a rRNA nucleotide alignment (1,129 parsimony-informative sites) and with strain number information. Numbers on branches are ML bootstrap (above) and Bayesian support values (below) for the clusters (asterisks indicate maximal support values, values under 50 and 0.90, respectively, are not shown). Clades are indicated (abbreviations: HET, Heterocapsaceae; PPE, Protoperidiniaceae) in Morphological and molecular variability of Peridinium volzii Lemmerm. (Peridiniaceae, Dinophyceae) and its relevance for infraspecific taxonomy

◂Fig. 4 A molecular tree of 51 systematically representative Peridiniaceae, including all 28 accessions assignable to P. volzii. Maximum Likelihood tree (–ln = 22,017.62), as inferred from a rRNA nucleotide alignment (1,129 parsimony-informative sites) and with strain number information. Numbers on branches are ML bootstrap (above) and Bayesian support values (below) for the clusters (asterisks indicate maximal support values, values under 50 and 0.90, respectively, are not shown). Clades are indicated (abbreviations: HET, Heterocapsaceae; PPE, Protoperidiniaceae)