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Figure 13 in Description, molecular phylogeny, and natural history of a new kleptoparasitic species of gelechiid moth (Lepidoptera) associated with Melastomataceae galls in Brazil
Figure 13. Seasonal abundance of cecidogenous (Palaeomystella fernandesi, dashed line) and kleptoparasite (Locharcha opportuna, solid line) larvae in galls (total = 164 and 169 individuals, respectively) induced on Tibouchina sellowiana plants at CPCN Pró-Mata, from April 2012 through June 2013. Arabic numbers from 1 to 14 represent 30-day sampling intervals. Upper horizontal bars indicate host plant phenological phases: red, flowering; green, fruiting; blue, dormancy; black, forming new shoots.
Figure 7 in Description, molecular phylogeny, and natural history of a new kleptoparasitic species of gelechiid moth (Lepidoptera) associated with Melastomataceae galls in Brazil
Figure 7. Locharcha opportuna pupa, in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, respectively. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Data from: Neural representation of bat predation risk and evasive flight in moths: a modelling approach
<p>Most animals are at risk from multiple predators and can vary anti-predator behaviour based on the level of threat posed by each predator. Animals use sensory systems to detect predator cues, but the relationship between the tuning of sensory systems and the sensory cues related to predator threat are not well-studied at the community level. Noctuid moths have ultrasound-sensitive ears to detect the echolocation calls of predatory bats. Here, combining empirical data and mathematical modelling, we show that moth hearing is adapted to provide information about the threat posed by different sympatric bat species. First, we found that multiple characteristics related to the threat posed by bats to moths correlate with bat echolocation call frequency. Second, the frequency tuning of the most sensitive auditory receptor in noctuid moth ears provides information allowing moths to escape detection by all sympatric bats with similar safety margin distances. Third, the least sensitive auditory receptor usually responds to bat echolocation calls at a similar distance across all moth species for a given bat species. If this neuron triggers last-ditch evasive flight, it suggests that there is an ideal reaction distance for each bat species, regardless of moth size. This study shows that even a very simple sensory system can adapt to deliver information suitable for triggering appropriate defensive reactions to each predator in a multiple predator community.</p>
FIGURES 1 - 6. Adult clearwing moths. 1 in Brazilian Sesiidae in the collection of the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 1 - 6. Adult clearwing moths. 1, Carmenta aerosa, male, Lectotype; 2, C. asema, female, Holotype; 3, Synanthedon martenii, female, Holotype;; 4, C. plaumanni, male, Holotype (dorsal aspect); 5, C. plaumanni, male, Holotype (ventral aspect); 6, C. laticraspedontis, female, Holotype (dorsal aspect, abdomen removed);
FIGURES 7 - 13. Adult clearwing moths. 7, C in Brazilian Sesiidae in the collection of the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 7 - 13. Adult clearwing moths. 7, C. laticraspedontis, female, Holotype (ventral aspect, abdomen removed); 8, Synanthedon hemigymna, female, Holotype; 9, S. flavostigma, female, Holotype. 10, Carmenta angarodes, male, (Lectotype of semitrista Zuk., n. syn); 11, C. angarodes, female (post. portion of abdomen removed); 12, C. splendens, female, Allotype; 13, C. leptosoma, male, Holotype.
FIGURES 7 - 13. Adult clearwing moths. 7, C in Brazilian Sesiidae in the collection of the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 7 - 13. Adult clearwing moths. 7, C. laticraspedontis, female, Holotype (ventral aspect, abdomen removed); 8, Synanthedon hemigymna, female, Holotype; 9, S. flavostigma, female, Holotype. 10, Carmenta angarodes, male, (Lectotype of semitrista Zuk., n. syn); 11, C. angarodes, female (post. portion of abdomen removed); 12, C. splendens, female, Allotype; 13, C. leptosoma, male, Holotype.
FIGURES 1 - 6. Adult clearwing moths. 1 in Brazilian Sesiidae in the collection of the Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany (Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 1 - 6. Adult clearwing moths. 1, Carmenta aerosa, male, Lectotype; 2, C. asema, female, Holotype; 3, Synanthedon martenii, female, Holotype;; 4, C. plaumanni, male, Holotype (dorsal aspect); 5, C. plaumanni, male, Holotype (ventral aspect); 6, C. laticraspedontis, female, Holotype (dorsal aspect, abdomen removed);
Figs 5-6 in New species of " giant " plume moths of the genus Platyptilia (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) from Uganda
Figs 5-6. Platyptilia stanleyi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH 21803). 5. Adult, habitus. 6. Male genitalia.
Predator selection on multicomponent warning signals in an aposematic moth
<p>Aposematic prey advertise their unprofitability with conspicuous warning signals that are often composed of multiple color patterns. Many species show intraspecific variation in these patterns even though selection is expected to favor invariable warning signals that enhance predator learning. However, if predators acquire avoidance to specific signal components, this might relax selection on other aposematic traits and explain variability. Here we investigated this idea in the aposematic moth <em>Amata</em> <em>nigriceps</em> that has conspicuous black and orange coloration. The size of the orange spots in the wings is highly variable between individuals, whereas the number and width of orange abdominal stripes remain consistent. We produced artificial moths that varied in the proportion of orange in the wings or the presence of abdominal stripes. We presented these to a natural avian predator, the noisy miner (<em>Manorina</em> <em>melanocephala</em>), and recorded how different warning signal components influenced their attack decisions. When moth models had orange stripes on the abdomen, birds did not discriminate between different wing signals. However, when the stripes on the abdomen were removed, birds chose the model with smaller wing spots. In addition, we found that birds were more likely to attack moths with a smaller number of abdominal stripes. Together, our results suggest that bird predators primarily pay attention to the abdominal stripes of <em>A. nigriceps,</em> and this could relax selection on wing coloration. Our study highlights the importance of considering individual warning signal components if we are to understand how predation shapes selection on prey warning coloration.</p>
Fig. 3 in Extended distribution patterns of the Arabian burnet moth Reissita simonyi (R , 1899) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and the Arabian wall brown Lasiommata felix (W , 1929) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Southern Arabia
Fig. 3: A typical place to find Lasiommata felix near Bani Mawhab / Bait Muzaret. The artificial walls seem to be a suitable habitat for L. felix.
Fig. 4 in Extended distribution patterns of the Arabian burnet moth Reissita simonyi (R , 1899) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) and the Arabian wall brown Lasiommata felix (W , 1929) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Southern Arabia
Fig. 4: Distribution of Reissita simonyi yemenicola (along the Red Sea) and Reissita simonyi simonyi (along the Indian Ocean at both sides of the Yemeni-Omani border).
Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island
Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S. parda sp. n: 27 – ventral view, paratype; 28 – aedeagus, lateral view, holotype; 29 – uncus, gnathos and culcitula, lateral view, holotype. 30, 31 – S. cheemai sp. n., holotype: 30 – ventral view; 31 – aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
Fig. 2 in New records of pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from India
Fig. 2. Crambidae. Male genitalia (A–C), female genitalia (D–F). A, D, Glyphodes cosmarcha Meyrick, 1887; B, E, Palpita cirralis (Swinhoe, 1897); C, Pagyda arbiter (Butler, 1879); F, Pachynoa xanthochyta (Turner, 1933). Scale bars: 1 mm (A–C), 2 mm (E–F).
Figures 8-14. Adults. 8, 9 in New record of moths (Lepidoptera) from India
Figures 8-14. Adults. 8, 9, Pingasa chloroides Galsworthy, 1998; 10, Spaniocentra kuniyukii Yazaki, 1994; 11, Corgatha tornalis Wileman, 1915; 12, Oruza crocodeta (Turner, 1903); 13, Xenochroa fulvescens (Warren, 1912); 14. Theretra rhesus (Boisduval, [1875]).
Figures 1-7 in New record of moths (Lepidoptera) from India
Figures 1-7. Adults: 1. Nosophora maculalis (Leech, 1889), 2. Oreta loochooana Swinhoe, 1902, 3. Eugoa brunnea Hampson, 1914, 4. Fossia melanandra (Černý, 2009), 5. Miltochrista roseogrisea (Rothschild, 1913), 6. Spilosoma howqua Moore, 1877, 7. Adrapsa ablualis Walker, (1859).
F I G U R E 2 in Mitochondrial phylogenomics of the Australian scribbly gum moth Ogmograptis (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) and an examination of deep-level relationships within Lepidoptera
F I G U R E 2 Phylogeny of the Lepidoptera inferred from mitochondrial genomes, Part B—Apoditrysia. Topology and branch lengths are from the ML-PCG12-R analysis with nodal supports, maximum likelihood (ML) bootstraps (BS) and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities (PP) mapped for all eight analyses. Nodal supports depict the range of values: <70%/0.9, 70%–89%/0.9–0.94, 90%–99%/0.95–0.99 and 100%/1.0 (see key). Branch lengths are equal to expected substitutions/site. The complete trees for each analysis including precise nodal support values are included in Figures S7–S14.
F I G U R E 1 in Mitochondrial phylogenomics of the Australian scribbly gum moth Ogmograptis (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) and an examination of deep-level relationships within Lepidoptera
F I G U R E 1 Phylogeny of the Lepidoptera inferred from mitochondrial genomes, Part A—non-Apoditrysia. Topology and branch lengths are from the ML-PCG12-R analysis with nodal supports, maximum likelihood (ML) bootstraps (BS) and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities (PP) mapped for all eight analyses. Nodal supports depict the range of values: <70%/0.9, 70%–89%/0.9–0.94, 90%–99%/0.95–0.99 and 100%/1.0 (see key). Branch lengths are equal to expected substitutions/site. The complete trees for each analysis including precise nodal support values are included in Figures S7–S14.
Figs 6–13. Moths, dorsal view. 6 in New and interesting records of Lepidoptera for several Russian regions
Figs 6–13. Moths, dorsal view. 6 – Siglophora sanguinolenta (Moore, 1888), ♂, Primorsky Krai; 7 – ditto, ♀; 8 – Maliattha signifera (Walker, [1858]), ♀, Primorsky Krai; 9 – Chytonix albonotata (Staudinger, 1892), ♂, Amurskaya Oblast; 10 – Polia vespertilio (Draudt, 1934), ♂, Amurskaya Oblast; 11 – Xestia penthima (Erschoff, 1870), ♂, Yakutia; 12 – Abraxas latifasciata Warren, 1894, ♂, Primorsky Krai; 13 – Crocota niveata (Scopoli, 1763), ♂, Saratovskaya Oblast. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figs 53–59. Sabaha spp., female genitalia. 53–56 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island
Figs 53–59. Sabaha spp., female genitalia. 53–56 – S. cheemai sp. n., paratype: 53 – 8th sternite, antrum and proximal part of ductus bursae; 54 – ductus and corpus bursae; 55 – signum; 56 – peeled back fold of 8th sternite. 57–59 – S. gemella sp. n., paratype: 57 – ventral view; 58 – anterior part of 8th sternite and antrum; 59 – signum. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S in New species of gelechiid moths of the genus Sabaha M. Omelko et N. Omelko, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo Island
Figs 27–31. Sabaha spp., male genitalia. 27–29 – S. parda sp. n: 27 – ventral view, paratype; 28 – aedeagus, lateral view, holotype; 29 – uncus, gnathos and culcitula, lateral view, holotype. 30, 31 – S. cheemai sp. n., holotype: 30 – ventral view; 31 – aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar 0.5 mm. 13
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.