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117 results for “multi-species”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Plant life history traits rather than soil legacies determine colonisation of soil patches in a multi-species grassland

Interactions between plants and soil biota are increasingly shown to play critical roles in plant species co-existence processes. Plant species co-existence is thought to be promoted via biotic legacies that plant species leave behind in the soil after a plant disappears. These soil legacies are hypothesised to supress colonisation success when the preceding plant is of the same species, that is, when a plant species encounters its own, species-specific soil antagonists. However, colonisation of vacant spots in plant communities is in the first place determined by the ability of plants to reach such vacant locations. We currently lack an understanding of the explicit role of soil legacy effects and their relative contribution to colonisation processes in plant communities consisting of plant species inherently differing in colonisation ability. In experimental, outdoor plant communities consisting of eight grassland species, we tested the effect of five differently conditioned soil patches on plant species colonisation success over three consecutive growing seasons. We found that colonisation success was largely determined by the species' reproductive strategy, lateral spread and growth rate, and not by the plant species that conditioned the soil patch. Fast spreading, clonal plant species reached the soil patches first and initially attained the highest biomass inside the patch. One year later, slower spreading plant species colonised the patch via seedlings. Species with intrinsically high growth rates attained the highest biomass, decreasing biomass of the initial colonisers. While subtle differences between conditioned soil patches did occur, these were not strong enough to overcome the inherent differences in colonisation ability between the various plant species. Synthesis: Our results reject the hypothesis that colonisation of vacant soil patches in plant communities is strongly affected by the legacy that is left behind by the preceding plant species. Instead, plant species life history strategy plays a prominent role, driving sequential plant species replacements. Based on our results and recent accounts in literature we present a conceptual model for local cyclic dynamics in grassland communities, where soil legacy plays a role in affecting the performance of established plant species rather than colonisation of vacant patches.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Random forest modelling of multi-scale, multi-species habitat associations within KAZA transfrontier conservation area using spoor data

As landscape-scale conservation models grow in prominence, assessments of how wildlife utilise multiple-use landscapes are required to inform effective conservation and management planning. Such efforts should strive to incorporate multi-species perspectives to maximise value for conservation, and should account for scale to accurately capture species-environment relationships. We show that the random forest machine learning algorithm can be used to model large-scale sign-based data in a multi-scale framework. We used this method to investigate scale-dependent habitat associations for 16 mammal species of high conservation importance across the southern Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area in Botswana and Zimbabwe. Our findings revealed substantial variation in the factors shaping habitat use across species, and illustrate that different species often have divergent responses to the same environmental and anthropogenic factors, and differ in the scales at which they respond to them. For all variables across all species, scale optimisation most often selected our largest scale. Precipitation, soil nutrients, and vegetation appeared to be the most important factors determining mammal distributions, likely through their associations with food resources for herbivores and, in turn, prey availability for carnivores. Anthropogenic pressures also had an important influence on habitat use, with many species selecting against areas with high cattle density. The variety of relationships with human density indicated that species vary in their tolerance of humans. We found a consistent positive relationship with areas under high protection, and negative relationship with unprotected and less-strictly protected areas. Policy implications: This study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-scale, multi-species approach for critical decision-making processes that depend on understanding wildlife distributions and habitat associations, such as protected area, corridor, and buffer zone prioritisation. We use our findings to identify changing rainfall patterns and increasing livestock numbers as two emerging trends that may impact wildlife distributions, both within sub-Saharan Africa and on a global scale.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Comprehensive comparison of two global multi-species MHD models of Mars

Understanding the interaction between Mars and the solar wind is crucial for comprehending the atmospheric evolution and climate change on Mars. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the Martian plasma environment, global numerical simulations are essential in addition to spacecraft observations. However, there are still discrepancies among different simulation models. This study investigates how these discrepancies stem from the considered physical processes and numerical implementations. We compare two global multispecies MHD models: the "Sun model" based on the BATS-R-US code and the "Sakata model" based on a newly developed multifluid model MAESTRO. By employing the same typical upstream conditions and the same neutral atmosphere for current Mars, along with similar numerical implementations such as inner boundary conditions, we obtain simulation results that exhibit unprecedented agreement between the two models. The dayside results are nearly identical, especially along the subsolar line, indicating the reliability of MHD models to predict dayside interaction under given upstream conditions and ionosphere assumptions. The escape rates of planetary ions are also in good agreement. However, discrepancies remain in the terminator and nightside regions. Detailed numerical implementations, including inner boundary conditions, magnetic field divergence control methods, and radial resolutions, are shown to influence certain aspects of the results greatly, such as magnetotail configuration and ion diffusion.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

dryad36/100

NLM-Gene, a richly annotated gold standard dataset for gene entities that addresses ambiguity and multi-species gene recognition

The automatic recognition of gene names and their corresponding database identifiers in biomedical text is an important first step for many downstream text-mining applications. The NLM-Gene corpus is a high-quality manually annotated corpus for genes, covering ambiguous gene names, with an average of 29 gene mentions (10 unique identifiers) per article, and a broader representation of different species (including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Arabidopsis thaliana, Danio rerio, etc.) when compared to previous gene annotation corpora. NLM-Gene consists of 550 PubMed articles from 156 biomedical journals, doubly annotated by six experienced NLM indexers, randomly paired for each article to control for bias. The annotators worked in three annotation rounds until they reached a complete agreement. Using the new resource, we developed a new gene finding algorithm based on deep learning which improved both on precision and recall from existing tools. The NLM-Gene annotated corpus is freely available at Dryad and at <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/</a>. The gene finding results of applying this tool to the entire PubMed/PMC are freely accessible through our web-based tool PubTator.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Genomic data and multi-species demographic modelling uncover past hybridization between currently allopatric freshwater species

Evidence for ancient interspecific gene flow through hybridization has been reported in many animal and plant taxa based on genetic markers. The study of genomic patterns of closely related species with allopatric distributions allows the assessment of the relative importance of vicariant isolating events and past gene flow. Here, we investigated the role of gene flow in the evolutionary history of four closely related freshwater fish species with currently allopatric distributions in western Iberian rivers - Squalius carolitertii, S. pyrenaicus, S. torgalensis and S. aradensis - using a population genomics dataset of 23 562 SNPs from 48 individuals, obtained through genotyping by sequencing (GBS). We uncovered a species tree with two well differentiated clades: (i) S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus; and (ii) S. torgalensis and S. aradensis. By using D-statistics and demographic modelling based on the site frequency spectrum, comparing alternative demographic scenarios of hybrid origin, secondary contact and isolation, we found that the S. pyrenaicus North lineage is likely the result of an ancient hybridization event between S. carolitertii (contributing ~84%) and S. pyrenaicus South lineage (contributing ~16%), consistent with a hybrid speciation scenario. Furthermore, in the hybrid lineage we identify outlier loci potentially affected by selection favouring genes from each parental lineage at different genomic regions. Our results suggest that ancient hybridization can affect speciation and that freshwater fish species currently in allopatry are useful to study these processes.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Pan trap and plant-flower visitor observation data for: Multi-species crop mixtures increase insect biodiversity in an intercropping experiment

<ol> <li>Recent biodiversity declines require action across sectors such as agriculture. The situation is particularly acute for arthropods, a species-rich taxon providing important ecosystem services. To counteract negative consequences of agricultural intensification, creating a less hostile agricultural "matrix" through growing crop mixtures can reduce harm for arthropods without yield losses. </li> <li>While grassland biodiversity experiments showed positive plant biodiversity effects on arthropods, experiments manipulating crop diversity and agrochemical input use to study arthropods are lacking. </li> <li>Here, we experimentally manipulated crop diversity (1–3 species, fallows), crop species (wheat, faba bean, linseed, oilseed rape) and agrochemical input (high vs. low) and studied responses of arthropod biodiversity. We tested if arthropod responses were affected by crop diversity, mixtures and management. Additionally, we measured crop biomass.</li> <li>Crop biomass increased with crop diversity under high-input mangement, while under low management intensity, biomass was highest in two-species mixtures.</li> <li>Increasing crop diversity positively affected arthropod abundance and diversity, both under low- and high-input management. Crop mixtures containing faba bean, linseed or oilseed rape had particularly high arthropod diversity.</li> <li>Mass-flowering crops attracted more arthropods than legumes or cereals. Integrating intercropping into agricultural systems could increase flower visits by insects up to 15 million per hectare, thus likely also supporting pollination and pest-control ecosystem services.</li> <li>Flower-visitor network complexity increased in mixtures containing linseed and faba bean, and under low-input management.</li> <li>Intercropping can counteract insect declines in farmland by creating beneficial matrix habitat without compromising crop yield.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100