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100 results for “natural experiment”
Fig. 6 in The Impacts of Crustacean Zooplankton on a Natural Ciliate Community: a Short-term Incubation Experiment
Fig. 6. Microphotographs of some common ciliates stained with the QPS approach during the experiment. (a) Askenasia acrostomia, (b) Askenasia chlorelligera, (c) Balanion planctonicum, (d) and (e) Codonella cratera, (f) Pseudostrombidium planctonticum, (g) and (i) Rimostrombidium lacustris, (h) Tintinnidium pusillum, (j) Rimostrombidium hyalinum, (k) Rimostrombidium brachykinetum, (l) Urotricha farcta, (m) Halteria sp., (n) Cyclidium sp., (o) Pelagostrombidium mirabile, (p) Limnostrombidium viride. All photographs were taken with an Olympic DP73 digital camera mounted on an Olympic BX51 light microscope. Scale bar equals 10 μm.
Fig. 3 in The Impacts of Crustacean Zooplankton on a Natural Ciliate Community: a Short-term Incubation Experiment
Fig. 3. Ciliate abundance and biomass by classification of body size. Small, medium, and large ciliates refer to a ciliate biovolume of <3000, 3000–5000, and> 5000 μm3, respectively.
Fig. 1 in The Impacts of Crustacean Zooplankton on a Natural Ciliate Community: a Short-term Incubation Experiment
Fig. 1. The initial (d1) and final (d15) biomass of algae (a) and final abundance of rotifers (b) in the four treatments.
Fig. 6 in The First Experience In New Technologies Of Breeding And Semi-Natural Eggs Incubation Of Northern Emys Orbicularis In Glass-House Aquaculture In Latvia
Fig. 6. Temperature condition and different forms of behaviour, observed in the experiment for the first time.
Fig. 1 in The First Experience In New Technologies Of Breeding And Semi-Natural Eggs Incubation Of Northern Emys Orbicularis In Glass-House Aquaculture In Latvia
Fig. 1. Scheme of the construction of the experimental glass-house: 1 – building of the Centre; 2 – filter and air compressor part; 3, 4, 5 – unused in the experiment parts of the basin; 6, 7 – experimental parts of the basin; 8, 9 – places for eggs-laying; two small red-yellow circles – A and B points of measurement of temperature on concrete shore and in water.
Fig. 4 in The First Experience In New Technologies Of Breeding And Semi-Natural Eggs Incubation Of Northern Emys Orbicularis In Glass-House Aquaculture In Latvia
Fig. 4. Plot of fitted model for temperature of sun-basking place (Tsunbask) and temperature of water in the basin (Twater) of the glass-house herpetoculture of E.orbicularis.
Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
<p>Birdsong is typically seen as a long-range signal functioning in mate attraction and territory defense. Among birds, the zebra finch is the prime model organism in bioacoustics, yet almost exclusively studied in the lab. In the wild, however, zebra finch song differs strikingly from songbirds commonly studied in the wild as zebra finch males sing most after mating and in the absence of territoriality. Using data from the wild, we here provide an ecological context for a wealth of laboratory studies. By integrating calibrated sound recordings, sound transmission experiments and social ecology of zebra finches in the wild with insights from hearing physiology we show that wild zebra finch song is a very short-range signal with an audible range of about nine meters and that even the louder distance calls do not carry much farther (up to about fourteen meters). These integrated findings provide an ecological context for the interpretation of laboratory studies of this species and indicate that the vocal communication distance of the main laboratory species for avian acoustics contrasts strikingly with songbirds that use their song as a long-range advertisement signal.</p>
Data and code for: Local infectious disease experience influences vaccine refusal rates: a natural experiment
<p>Vaccination has been critical to the decline in infectious disease prevalence in recent centuries. Nonetheless, vaccine refusal has increased in recent years, with complacency associated with reductions in disease prevalence highlighted as an important contributor. We exploit a natural experiment in Glasgow at the beginning of the 20th century to investigate whether prior local experience of an infectious disease matters for vaccination decisions. Our study is based on smallpox surveillance data and administrative records of parental refusal to vaccinate their infants. We analyse variation between administrative units of Glasgow in cases and deaths from smallpox during two epidemics over the period 1900–1904, and vaccine refusal following its legalisation in Scotland in 1907 after a long period of compulsory vaccination. We find that lower local disease incidence and mortality during the epidemics were associated with higher rates of subsequent vaccine refusal. This finding indicates that complacency influenced vaccination decisions in periods of higher infectious disease risk, responding to local prior experience of the relevant disease, and has not emerged solely in the context of the generally low levels of infectious disease risk of recent decades. These results suggest that vaccine delivery strategies may benefit from information on local variation in incidence.</p>
Does motility-restricting fibrosis influence dispersal? An experiment in nature with threespine stickleback
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Data and code for: Local infectious disease experience influences vaccine refusal rates: a natural experiment
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Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
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Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Foliar Nitrogen and Natural Abundance Nitrogen Isotopic Composition
Foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage were measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14 m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freezing and then warming cables turn on to create thaws; each soil freeze/thaw cycle includes 72-hours of soil freezing followed by 72-hours of thaw (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). This data set includes foliar nitrogen and natural abundance stable isotopes of nitrogen in foliage from 2012 to 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2020. Grazing by wild red deer maintains characteristic vegetation of semi-natural open habitats: Evidence from a 3-year exclusion experiment. Applied Vegetation Science
<p>This repository contains vegetation community data used by Riesch et al. 2020 in an article accepted in Applied Vegetation Science.</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet. For further details please see the original article.</p>
Figure 4 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 4. – Female (in front) with 3 males in the current just before the expulsion of ova.
Figure 7 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 7. – Health of gills. A: Early signs of mycosis on gills; B: Healthy gills.
Raw data and MTEX script for the article : "Quantification of grain boundary mobilities in natural olivine by annealing experiments and full-field modelling"
<p>This dataset contains the EBSD (.ctf) files of the different sample areas analyzed in the article : "Quantification of grain boundary mobilities in natural olivine by annealing experiments and full-field modelling" by J. Furstoss, S. Demouchy, A. Tommasi, E. Gardès, F. Barou and N. Marino, which is expected to be published in Tectonophysics. This repository also contains the Analyze.m MTEX script which has been used for the post-processing of the EBSD files. This script has to be run in matlab and outputs different figures and .csv files containing the raw data used in the article. For any questions please contact jfurstoss@orange.fr </p>
Data for "Meta-analysis of induced anti-herbivore defence traits in plants from 647 manipulative experiments with natural and simulated herbivory"
<p>Data used in analysis in "Meta-analysis of induced anti-herbivore defence traits in plants from 647 manipulative experiments with natural and simulated herbivory" in Journal of Ecology. </p> <p>Code used for analysis are included as Supplementary Material of the main article. </p> <p> </p>
Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence of trees? A meta-analysis of exclusion experiments
<p>Conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence is believed to be one of the most important mechanisms controlling forest community assembly and species diversity globally. Plant pathogens, and insect and mammalian herbivores, are the most common natural enemy types that have been implicated in this phenomenon, but their general effects at different plant life stages are still unclear. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of studies that involved robust manipulative experiments, using fungicides, insecticides, or exclosures, to assess the contributions of different natural enemy types to distance- and density-dependent effects at seed and seedling stages. We found that conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence was more common at the seedling stage. Only 30% of studies showed significant conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence. Among those studies, applying fungicides significantly reduced the effect of conspecific negative distance -dependent mortality. Excluding large mammals reduced the effect of conspecifics, but with only marginal significance (p < 0.1). Our study confirms that plant pathogens have a significant impact on distance -dependent mortality and suggests that the impacts of herbivores on seedlings have been understudied. At the seed stage, large and small mammals, respectively, appear to weaken and enhance negative conspecific distance-dependent mortality. Future research should identify specific agents of mortality, investigate the interactions among different enemy types, and assess how global change may affect natural enemies and thus influence the strength of conspecific distance- and density-dependence.</p>
Data from: Cedrus libani survival and growth data from a transplant experiment and natural forests in northern Lebanon
<p><strong>Aims</strong></p> <p>The <em>Cedrus</em> dataset was set up to assess the climatic niche breadth of <em>Cedrus libani –</em> a relict mountain species <em>–</em> by comparing field observations and transplant experiment measurements within and beyond the elevational range limits of <em>Cedrus</em> under natural conditions.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Lebanon - Near East - Mediterranean region</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>The transplant experiment included 8 common gardens at altitudes ranging from 110 to 2330 m, within and far beyond the warm and cold limits of Cedar distribution under natural conditions. It was set up in 2018, and monitored for three years until fall 2021 to study survival and growth of the Cedar of Lebanon (<em>Cedrus libani</em>) and 3 potentially competing species (<em>Quercus calliprinos, Quercus infectoria and </em><em>Pinus</em> <em>brutia</em>). Field observations of Cedar presence/absence were carried out on 1023 sites.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>We observed surprisingly high survival and growth rates of Cedar at elevations well below its natural range in Lebanon. Below its elevational limit of 1300 m under natural conditions, water stress limited the survival of juvenile Cedars at elevations below 500 m, and its low competitiveness below 900 m explained its absence between 500 and 900 m elevation. On the other hand, cold temperature and water stress limited its survival at elevations slightly above the observed natural upper elevational limit of 1830 m.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>The experimental setup demonstrated that the elevational range suitable for the growth and survival of the Cedar of Lebanon is twice as large as the range within which Cedar is observed today under natural conditions. The high survival rate beyond the lower limit of its natural range raises hope for its resilience to ongoing climate warming. If this pattern were common to other mountain species, it would challenge predictions of massive extinction linked to climate change, and pave the way for promoting adaptive actions such as competition management to improve their survival.</p>
Fig. 3 in The First Experience In New Technologies Of Breeding And Semi-Natural Eggs Incubation Of Northern Emys Orbicularis In Glass-House Aquaculture In Latvia
Fig. 3. Dynamics of measured temperatures of shore and water in the experimental glass-house.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.