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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Nest-box temperature affects clutch size, incubation initiation, and nestling health in great tits

Prenatal maternal effects can be a source of phenotypic plasticity and may play a role in adaptation to climate change. However, we do not know how far temperature could influence such effects, if at all. We studied the influence of temperature during egg laying on maternal reproductive investment and on the phenotype of adult females, adult males, and nestlings. We expected temperature to have an effect, as it influences maintenance costs for females, who can also use it as a cue of the advancement of the breeding season. We experimentally increased night-time nest-box temperatures by approximately 1 °C throughout the entire laying period in great tits (Parus major). Clutch size was negatively correlated with laying date in heated females. Heated females did not delay incubation after clutch completion as frequently as control females did. Finally, blood sedimentation rate, which is an indicator of acute infections and inflammatory diseases, was positively correlated with hatching date in control broods. This suggests that nestlings were of lower quality in late-hatched broods than in early-hatched broods. This seasonal effect was not detected in heated nests. Our results show that a small increase in temperature during laying can influence breeding strategy and nestling characteristics. These results suggest that birds used temperature as a cue of seasonal advancement to adjust breeding phenology, with beneficial effects on nestling health. To better understand the consequences of maternal adjustments during egg laying, it would be interesting to combine studies with heating treatment during different periods of the breeding cycle.

FIG. 8 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 8. Daily rainfall (mm) during the 2018 incubation period and average 15-minute soil saturation (%) at the bottom (solid line) and top (dashed line) of turtle nests (red, n ¼ 6) and haphazard sites (gray, n ¼ 6).

FIG. 6 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 6. Mean (6 range) daily soil temperature (8C) at the depth of the nest chamber center during the 2018 incubation season for turtle nests (n ¼ 6, red) and paired haphazard sites (n ¼ 6, light gray).

FIG. 7 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 7. Diel soil temperature (8C) pattern for turtle nests (n ¼ 6, red line) and paired haphazard sites (n ¼ 6, gray line) measured hourly (points) at depths equivalent to the bottom (A) and top (B) of the nest chambers during the 2018 summer incubation period.

FIG. 2 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 2. Mean (695% confidence interval) hourly soil temperature (8C) at the depth of the nest chamber top (A) and bottom (B) for turtle nests during the 2018 (n ¼ 6) and 2019 (n ¼ 6) incubation period. Nest were laid in sites with a crevice (red line, n ¼ 3), ledge (gray line, n ¼ 5), or flat (black line, n ¼ 4) bedrock morphology.

FIG. 5 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 5. Mean (6 SE) soil saturation (%) recession curves after rainfall events for sections of the turtle nest cavities with 100% hatch success (red line, n ¼ 8) and 0% hatch success (gray line, n ¼ 9) during the 2018 and 2019 incubation periods (A). Mean (6 SE) soil saturation (%) recession curves after rainfall events for turtle nests (red line, n ¼ 6) and paired haphazard sites (gray line, n ¼ 6) during the 2018 incubation period (B).

FIG. 3 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 3. Predicted probability (695% confidence intervals) of turtle egg hatch success (n ¼ 105) in relation to mean daily soil temperature (8C) when variance of percent soil saturation during incubation was high (standard deviation of 20% saturation, gray) compared to low (standard deviation of 10% saturation, red). Mean daily incubation temperature is shown for each turtle egg and black circles represent sample size (1–3 eggs [small circle], 4–6 eggs [medium circle], or 7þ eggs [large circle]).

FIG. 1 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success

FIG. 1. In a rock barrens landscape in the eastern Georgian Bay region (A), turtles nest in shallow soil deposits underlain by bedrock which can be classified as having either a crevice (B), ledge (C), or flat (D) morphology.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Microclimate temperatures impact nesting preference in Megachile rotundata

The temperature of the nest influences fitness in cavity-nesting bees. Females may choose 14 nest cavities that mitigate their offspring's exposure to stressful temperatures. This study aims to 15 understand how cavity temperature impacts the nesting preference of the solitary bee Megachile 16 rotundata under field conditions. We designed and 3D printed nest boxes that measured the 17 temperatures of 432 cavities. Nest boxes were four-sided with cavity entrances facing northeast, 18 northwest, southeast, and southwest. Nest boxes were placed along an alfalfa field in Fargo, ND 19 and were observed daily for completed nests. Our study found that cavity temperature varied by 20 direction the cavity faced and by the position of the cavity within the nest box. The southwest 21 sides recorded the highest maximum temperatures while the northeast sides recorded the lowest 22 maximum temperatures. Nesting females filled cavities on the north-facing sides faster than 23 cavities on the south-facing sides. The bees preferred to nest in cavities with lower average 24 temperatures during foraging hours, and cavities that faced to the north. The direction the cavity 25 faced was associated with the number of offspring per nest. The southwest-facing cavities had 26 fewer offspring than nests on the northeast side. Our study indicates that the nesting box acts as a 27 microclimate, with temperature varying by position and direction of the cavity. Variation in 28 cavity temperature affected where females chose to nest, but not their reproductive investment.

publicOct 2020View details →

The roles of temperature, nest predators and information parasites for geographical variation in egg covering behaviour of tits (Paridae)

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publicFeb 2017View details →

Data from: Nest-box temperature affects clutch size, incubation initiation, and nestling health in great tits

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publicApr 2020View details →

Data from: Spatial and temporal variation in nest temperatures forecasts sex ratio skews in a crocodilian with environmental sex determination

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publicAug 2021View details →

Microclimate temperatures impact nesting preference in Megachile rotundata

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publicDec 2018View details →

Data from: Incubation temperature and social context affect the nest exodus of precocial ducklings

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publicAug 2025View details →

Temperatures inside Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) artificial nest habitats exceed upper thermal limits in a range-edge population

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publicAug 2018View details →

Data from: Evolution of parental activity at the nest is shaped by the risk of nest predation and ambient temperature across bird species

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