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52 results for “niche shift”
A multivariate approach reveals diversity of ontogenetic niche shifts across taxonomic and functional groups
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Data from: Long-term tracking captures the timing of ontogenetic niche shifts in Northeast Pacific white sharks
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Data for: Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche
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Foraging niche shift maintains breeding parameters of a colonial waterbird during range expansion
<p>Relating the effects of foraging niche variation to reproductive dynamics is critical to understand species response to environmental change. We examined foraging niche variations of the slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei), a nomadic colonial waterbird species during its range expansion along the French Mediterranean coast over a 16 year period (1998-2013). We investigated whether range expansion was associated to a change in chick diet, breeding success and chicks body condition. We also examined whether breeding success and chicks body condition were explained by diet and colonial characteristics (number of pairs, laying phenology, habitat, and locality). Diet was characterized using dual-stable isotopic proxies (δ13C and δ15N) of feather keratin from 331 individuals subsampled from a total of 4154 chicks ringed and measured at 18 different colonies. δ13C decreased and δ15N increased significantly during range expansion suggesting that chicks were fed from preys of increasing trophic level found in the less salty habitat colonised by the end of the study period. Niche shift occurred without significant change of niche width which did not vary among periods, habitats or localities either. Breeding success and chick body condition showed no consistent trends over years. Breeding success tended to increase with decreasing δ13C at the colony level while there was no relationship between stable isotope signatures and chick body condition. Overall our results suggest that even if range expansion is associated with foraging niche shift towards the colonization of less salty and more brackish habitats, the shift had marginal effect on the breeding parameters of the Slender-billed gull. Niche width appears as an asset of this species, which likely explains its ability to rapidly colonize new locations.</p>
Elevational niche-shift migration: Why the degree of elevational change matters for the ecology, evolution, and physiology of migratory birds to ornithology
<p>Elevational migration can be defined as roundtrip seasonal movement that involves upward and downward shifts in elevation. These shifts incur physiological challenges that are proportional to the degree of elevational change. Larger shifts in elevation correspond to larger shifts in partial pressure of oxygen, air density, temperature, and UV exposure. Although most avian examples of elevational migration involve subtle shifts that would have minimal impacts on physiology, shifts of <i>any magnitude</i> have previously been considered under the broad umbrella of 'elevational migration'. Here, we consider extreme seasonal elevational movements (≥2000 m), sufficient to shift the elevational dimension of the eco-climatic niche. Migratory bird populations typically maintain inter-seasonal stability in the temperature, precipitation, and elevational aspects of their climatic niches, a tendency that likely reflects genetic physiological specialization on environmental conditions such as atmospheric pressure. A shift of ≥2000 m involves a ≥20% change in air density and oxygen partial pressure, sufficient to incur functionally impactful declines in arterial blood-oxygen saturation and require compensatory shifts in respiratory physiology. We refer to this phenomenon as elevational niche-shift migration (ENSM). In this review, we analyzed >4 million occurrence records to identify 105 populations, representing 92 bird species, that undergo complete or partial ENSM. We identified key ecological and evolutionary questions regarding causes and consequences of ENSM. Our synthesis reveals that ENSM has evolved independently in at least 29 avian families spanning 10 orders. Nonetheless, ENSM is rare relative to other forms of seasonal migration, consistent with the general tendency of seasonal niche conservatism by migratory species and evolutionarily conserved elevational range limits. For many migratory species and populations, within-species patterns of migratory connectivity are not sufficiently understood to determine ENSM status. ENSM is distinguished by its scale within the broader phenomenon of elevational migration. Critical examination of ENSM illustrates fundamental constraints on the ecology and evolution of migration systems, topographical influences on geographic patterns of migratory connectivity, and the remarkable metabolic flexibility of certain bird species that allows them to occupy disparate elevations across different seasons.</p>
Data from: Generalist predator's niche shifts reveal ecosystem changes in an experimentally fragmented landscape
Habitat fragmentation can alter the trophic structure of communities and environmental conditions, thus driving changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Quantifying niches of generalist predators can reveal how fragmentation alters ecosystems. In a habitat fragmentation experiment, we used stable isotopes of a generalist predator skink to test predictions from spatial theory on trophic structure and to quantify abiotic changes associated with fragmentation among continuous forest, fragments, and matrix habitats. We predicted that in fragments and the matrix, isotopic niches would shift due to decreases in skink trophic positions (δ15N) from reductions in trophic structure of arthropod food webs and abiotic changes over time (δ13C) relative to continuous forest. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we did not find evidence of reductions in trophic structure with fragmentation. In fact, skink δ15N values were higher in the matrix and fragments than continuous forest, likely due to changes in distributions of a detritivorous prey species. In addition, δ13C values in the matrix decreased over years since fragmentation due to abiotic changes associated with matrix tree maturation. We show how isotopic niches are influenced by fragmentation via shifts in biotic and abiotic processes. The potential for either or both spatial and abiotic effects of fragmentation present a challenge for theory to better predict ecological changes in fragmented landscapes.
Data from: Oligocene niche shift, Miocene diversification - cold tolerance and accelerated speciation rates in the St. John's Worts (Hypericum, Hypericaceae)
Background: Our aim is to understand the evolution of species-rich plant groups that shifted from tropical into cold/temperate biomes. It is well known that climate affects evolutionary processes, such as how fast species diversify, species range shifts, and species distributions. Many plant lineages may have gone extinct in the Northern Hemisphere due to Late Eocene climate cooling, while some tropical lineages may have adapted to temperate conditions and radiated; the hyper-diverse and geographically widespread genus Hypericum is one of these. Results:To investigate the effect of macroecological niche shifts on evolutionary success we combine historical biogeography with analyses of diversification dynamics and climatic niche shifts in a phylogenetic framework. Hypericum evolved cold tolerance c. 30 million years ago, and successfully colonized all ice-free continents, where today ~500 species exist. The other members of Hypericaceae stayed in their tropical habitats and evolved into ~120 species. We identified a 15–20 million year lag between the initial change in temperature preference in Hypericum and subsequent diversification rate shifts in the Miocene. Conclusions:Contrary to the dramatic niche shift early in the evolution of Hypericum most extant species occur in temperate climates including high elevations in the tropics. These cold/temperate niches are a distinctive characteristic of Hypericum. We conclude that the initial release from an evolutionary constraint (from tropical to temperate climates) is an important novelty in Hypericum. However, the initial shift in the adaptive landscape into colder climates appears to be a precondition, and may not be directly related to increased diversification rates. Instead, subsequent events of mountain formation and further climate cooling may better explain distribution patterns and species-richness in Hypericum. These findings exemplify important macroevolutionary patterns of plant diversification during large-scale global climate change.
Data from: Species radiation by niche shifts in New Zealand's rockcresses (Pachycladon, Brassicaceae)
Adaptive radiations such as the Darwin finches in the Galapagos or the cichlid fishes from the Eastern African Great Lakes have been a constant source of inspiration for biologists and a stimulus for evolutionary thinking. A central concept behind adaptive radiation is that of evolution by niche shifts, or ecological speciation. Evidence for adaptive radiations generally requires a strong correlation between phenotypic traits and the environment. But adaptive traits are often cryptic, hence making this phenotype-environment approach difficult to implement. Here we propose a procedure for detecting adaptive radiation that focuses on species' ecological niche comparisons. It evaluates whether past ecological disparity in a group fits better a neutral Brownian motion model of ecological divergence or a niche shift model. We have evaluated this approach on New Zealand rockcresses (Pachycladon) that recently radiated in the New Zealand Alps. We show that the pattern of ecological divergence rejects the neutral model and is consistent with that of a niche shift model. Our approach to detect adaptive radiation has the advantage over alternative approaches that it focuses on ecological niches, a key concept behind adaptive radiation. It also provides a way to evaluate the importance of ecological speciation in adaptive radiations and will have general application in evolutionary studies. In the case of Pachycladon, the high estimated diversification rate, the distinctive ecological niches of species, and the evidence for ecological speciation suggest a remarkable example of adaptive radiation.
Data from: Shifting niches of marine predators due to human exploitation: the diet of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) since the late Holocene as a case study
Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in archaeological and modern bone samples have been used to reconstruct the dietary changes of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens from the late Holocene to the present in the southwestern Atlantic. We sampled bones from archaeological sites in northern-central and southern Patagonia, Argentina, and bones housed in modern scientific collections. Additionally, we analyzed the stable isotope ratios in ancient and modern shells of intertidal molluscs to explore changes in the isotope baseline and allow comparison between bone samples from different periods after correction for baseline shifts. Results confirmed the trophic plasticity of the South American sea lion, demonstrated the much larger impact of modern exploitation of marine resources as compared with that of hunter-gatherers, and underscored the dissimilarity between the past and modern niches of exploited species. These conclusions are supported by the rather stable diet of South American sea lions during several millennia of aboriginal exploitation, in both northern-central and southern Patagonia, and the dramatic increase in trophic level observed during the twentieth century. The recent increase in trophic level might be related to the smaller population size resulting from modern sealing and the resulting reduced intraspecific competition. These results demonstrate how much can be learned about the ecology of modern species thanks to retrospective studies beyond the current, anthropogenically modified setting where ecosystem structure is totally different from that in the pristine environments where current species evolved.
Ecological niche modelling to project past, current and future distributional shift of black ebony tree (Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.) in India
<p>The present study utilized an ensemble modelling approach to predict the distribution of <em>D. melanoxylon</em> under present, past (Last Glacial Maximum, ~22,000 cal yr BP, Middle Holocene ~6000 cal yr BP) and future climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6 and 8.5 for 2050s and 2070s). The annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and annual precipitations were the most critical parameters that chiefly influence the distribution of <em>D. melanoxylon</em>. The ensemble model rendered high accuracy with AUC=0.93, TSS=0.74, and Kappa=0.71. Past projections of <em>D. melanoxylon</em> indicated a widespread distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum and Middle Holocene suggesting its adaptability to semi-dry as well as warm and humid climates, respectively. The presence of fossil pollen evidence of <em>D. melanoxylon</em> in the suitable habitats derived through past projections in this study complements the model results and marks occurrences of the species during the Last Glacial Maximum and Middle Holocene. By 2050s and 2070s (RCP 8.5), there would be a decline in the distribution by only 0.4% (13622 km2) and 0.2% (6842 km2) of the extremely habitat suitable, respectively. The main factor leading to reduced habitat suitability is the anticipated rise in temperature and variations in seasonal precipitation patterns. Our findings, help in identifying the parts of the country which would be severely affected by future climate change scenarios and plan conservation strategies for this commercially important species to facilitate its growth in suitable habitats which are likely to sustain under future climatic conditions.</p>
Genetic datasets, climatic conditions at sampled localities, and occurrence data to: Ice age-driven range shifts of diploids and expanding autotetraploids within a conserved niche (Grünig, Patsiou & Parisod, 2024, New Phytologist)
<div> <h3><strong>This repository includes</strong></h3> - An overview of the raw sequencing reads deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) for the 370 individuals sampled in 17 diploid and 19 tetraploid field populations <div>- Scripts used to genotype diploids and autotetraploids samples of <em>Biscutella laevigata</em> from ddRADseq data</div> <div>- Input data (as vcf format) used in population genetic analyses</div> <div>- Scripts used to run the different genetic analyses</div> <div>- Dataset of extracted climatic conditions at sampled localities</div> <div>- Occurrence dataset used for the climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <h3><strong>Description of the data and file structure</strong></h3> <strong>00.ENA_samples_correspondance.txt: </strong>provides ENA project ID, run ID (i.e. raw fastq files), sample ID, and alias for each sample included in the study.<br> <div> </div> <div><strong>1.scripts_reads_to_vcf.zip:</strong> consists of the following:</div> - <strong>1.reads_to_vcf.md: </strong>md file with scripts documenting the read quality check, demultiplexing, mapping, SNP calling using GATK4, and filtering steps<br> <div>- Additional scripts called within <strong>1.reads_to_vcf.md</strong>:</div> <div>-- 1.3. Mapping: <strong>02_run_mapping_XXX.py</strong> and <strong>BWA-mem_bisc1_sg.py</strong> scripts</div> <div>-- 1.4.a. HaplotypeCaller: <strong>03_V1_gvcf.py</strong></div> <div>-- 1.4.b. GDBI + genotypeGVCF: <strong>03_V3_gdbi_genotype_per100scaf.py</strong></div> <br> <div><strong>2.datasets_genetics.tar.gz</strong> consists of the following</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30.vcf.gz</strong>: "Initial SNPs dataset" = biallelic SNPs fulfilling GATK quality hard filtering recommendations, present in at least 50% of samples. Genotypes with DP<15 for diploids and DP<30 for tetraploids are set to no-call. This vcf was used as basis for fastsimcoal dataset preparation, and as basis for subsequent selection of loci fulfilling requirements of each analysis. It includes 2246701 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD05_pruned.vcf.gz:</strong> subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset" retaining SNPs called in at least 50% of samples, and pruned for Linkage disequilibrium. This vcf includes 107574 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in the analysis of the proportion of diploids diagnostic alleles shared by tetraploids.</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD01_pruned.vcf.gz: </strong>subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset", retaining SNPs called in at least 90% of samples, and pruned for Linkage disequilibrium. This vcf includes 4444 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in the analyses of Population diversity and differentiation (SpaGeDi, GenoDive, PCA), and f3-statistics.</div> <br> <div>- <strong>bisc_all370_diminDP15_tetraminDP30_MD0.1_pruned_MAC3rm.vcf.gz:</strong> subset of the "Initial SNPs dataset", retaining SNPs called in at least 90% of samples, pruned for Linkage disequilibrium, and with a minor allele count of 3. This vcf includes 2593 biallelic SNPs for 370 samples and was used in STRUCTURE analysis</div> <br><br> <div><strong>3.pres_2x.txt:</strong> list of the 128 diploid occurrences used in climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <div><strong>3.pres_4x_strat_reg.txt:</strong> list of the 924 tetraploid occurrences used in climatic niche modelling</div> <br> <div><strong>biscall_chelsa_ordered_noDEM.txt:</strong> climatic data extracted from the CHELSA dataset at sampled localities</div> <br> <div><strong>4.plot_GTfreqs.md:</strong> markdown file including scripts to plot allele and genotype frequencies</div> <br> <div> </div> <h3><strong>Sharing/Access information</strong></h3> Raw sequencing reads have been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at EMBL-EBI under the accession number PRJEB48869:<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB48869"> https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB48869</a></div>
Fig. 3 in Climate-induced shifts in the niche similarity of two related spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates)
Fig. 3 The potential distribution of P. fuscus and P. syriacus in: a present climate for the two species, b Last Interglacial climate, c Last Glacial Maximum MIROC Scenario, d Last Glacial Maximum CCSM Scenario, and e A1B scenario for 2080. The modeling extent merges the minimum convex polygons of the two species and an additional buffer zone of 335 km that includes all fossil records
Fig. 2 in Climate-induced shifts in the niche similarity of two related spadefoot toads (genus Pelobates)
Fig. 2 Modeling stages used in the present study for investigating the factors limiting the current range overlap and possible changes in the geographic ranges of the two species studied under future climate change scenarios
Climatic niche shifts in 815 introduced plant species affect their predicted distributions: Data and scripts
<p class="CxSpFirst"><u>Aim:</u> Introduced species often occupy different climates in their introduced than their native range, but to what degree do such 'climatic niche shifts' interfere with our ability to predict invasions? Answering this question is crucial if we are to understand the threat invasive species pose to human and natural systems, especially given the ever increasing use of species distribution models as tools for invasive species risk assessment and management. Here we investigated how strongly climatic niche shifts interfered with the transferability of native- and introduced-range species distribution models.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Location:</u> Our dataset consisted of ~14 million occurrences distributed worldwide.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Time Period:</u> Occurrence data were collected from online repositories dating from ca. 1600 with the vast majority being from the 20<sup>th</sup> century. Climatic data represent means between 1970–2000.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Major Taxa Studied:</u> Our database represented 815 terrestrial plant species.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Methods:</u> We used ordination to identify climatic niche shifts as species moved between continents. Next, we trained separate MAXENT models using native- or introduced-range occurrences, and projected those models into each species' introduced range. We compared the ordination and MAXENT models to determine whether niche shifts were associated with errors in MAXENT predictions.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><u>Results:</u> Models trained on native-range occurrences poorly predicted introduced-range occurrences, and transferability was lowest in species with large climatic niche shifts. Directional shifts in species' predicted geographic distributions mirrored their niche dynamics. This is concerning because native-range data are often used to predict introduced-range distributions.</p> <p><u>Main Conclusions: </u>Our results highlight the importance of considering niche shifts when modeling the potential geographic distributions of introduced species, and cast doubt on the assumption that the climatic niche of a species can be transferred between native and invasive ranges.</p>
Data from: Niche shifts after island colonization spurred adaptive diversification and speciation in a cosmopolitan bird clade
<p>Islands have long been recognized as key contributors to biodiversity because islands facilitate geographic isolation and ecological divergence from mainland ancestors. However, island colonization has traditionally been considered an evolutionary dead-end process, and its consequences for continental biodiversity remain understudied. Here, we studied the evolutionary radiation of Columbiformes (i.e. pigeons and doves) to examine if ecological niche shifts on islands shaped biological diversification and community composition on continents. We show that the colonization of islands by continental, terrestrial-foraging lineages led to exploitation of a new ecological niche (i.e. arboreal foraging). This transition towards arboreal foraging was associated with evolutionary adaptation towards a new morphological optimum. In addition, arboreal-foraging lineages experienced an increase in speciation rates, which was associated with successful range expansions to other islands as well as back-colonization of continents. Our results provide empirical evidence that diversification on continents can only be fully understood when studying the diversification processes that took place on islands, challenging the view of islands as mere sinks of evolutionary diversity.</p>
Climatic niche shifts in 815 introduced plant species affect their predicted distributions: Data and scripts
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Data from: Dramatic niche shifts and morphological change in two insular bird species
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Data from: Oligocene niche shift, Miocene diversification - cold tolerance and accelerated speciation rates in the St. John's Worts (Hypericum, Hypericaceae)
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Data from: Generalist predator's niche shifts reveal ecosystem changes in an experimentally fragmented landscape
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Data from: Shifting niches of marine predators due to human exploitation: the diet of the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) since the late Holocene as a case study
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