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109 results for “nitrogen fertilization”
Soil water content under rainfall manipulation and nitrogen fertilization treatments at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2007-2009
This data package contains soil water content data from a precipitation and nitrogen manipulation experiment conducted on the Jornada Experimental Range from 2006-2009. The objective of the study was to understand the interaction of precipitation and nitrogen dynamics on ANPP legacies. Rain-out shelters were used to create 5 levels of precipitation: 80% reduced, 50% reduced, ambient control, 50% increased, and 80% increased precipitation. Half of the plots were randomly assigned to receive ammonium nitrate fertilizer. In a subset of the plots, volumetric soil water content was monitored at shallow (0-5 cm) and deep (30-50 cm) depths. This data set contains the date of collection, block number, plot number, 2007-2008 precipitation treatment, 2009 precipitation treatment, nitrogen treatment, depth of soil probe, sensor voltage, and volumetric water content. Monitoring of soil moisture for this study was discontinued in November 2009. Also available are plant cover data from this study in data package knb-lter-jrn.210278002. For further information and results, see: Throop, H., L. G. Reichmann, O. Sala, and S. Archer. (2012), Response of dominant grass and shrub species to water manipulation: an ecophysical basis for shrub invasion in a Chihuahuan desert grassland. Oecologia 169: 373-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-2217-4 Reichmann, L. G., O. E. Sala, and D. P. C. Peters. (2013), Water controls on nitrogen transformations and stocks in an arid ecosystem. Ecosphere 4(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES12-00263.1
Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with a Dominant Grass in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2005)
We studied the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in a semiarid grassland and the effect of long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization on this fungal community. Root samples of Bouteloua gracilis were collected at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (New Mexico, USA) from control and N-amended plots that have been fertilized since 1995. Small subunit rDNA was amplified using AMF specific primers NS31 and AM1. The diversity of AMF was low in comparison with other ecosystems, only seven operational taxonomic units (OTU) were found in B. gracilis and all belong to the genus Glomus. The dominant OTU was closely related to the ubiquitous G. intraradices/G. fasciculatum group. N-amended plots showed a reduction in the abundance of the dominant OTU and an increase in AMF diversity. The greater AMF diversity in roots from N-amended plots may have been the result of displacement of the dominant OTU, which facilitated detection of uncommon AMF. The long-term implications of AMF responses to N enrichment for plant carbon allocation and plant community structure remain unclear.
Assessing Nitrogen Availability in Biobased Fertilizers: Effect of Vegetation on Mineralization Patterns
<p>Biobased nitrogen (N) fertilizers derived from animal manure can substitute synthetic mineral N fertilizer and contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Practitioners need to obtain a reliable estimation of the biobased fertilizers’ N value. This study compared the estimates for pig slurry (PS) and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) using laboratory incubation and plant-growing experiments. A no-N treatment was used as control and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as synthetic mineral fertilizer. After 100 days of incubation, the addition of PS and LFD resulted in a net N mineralization rate of 10.6 ± 0.3% and 20.6 ± 0.4% of the total applied N, respectively. The addition of CAN showed no significant net mineralization or immobilization (net N release 96 ± 6%). In the pot experiment under vegetation, all fertilized treatments caused N immobilization with a negative net N mineralization rate of −51 ± 11%, −9 ± 4%, and −27 ± 10% of the total applied N in CAN, PS, and LFD treatments, respectively. Compared to the pot experiment, the laboratory incubation without vegetation may have overestimated the N value of biobased fertilizers. Vegetation resulted in a lower estimation of available N from fertilizers, probably due to intensified competition with soil microbes or increased N loss via denitrification.</p>
Figure 3 in Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on Capoeta capoeta: an immunohistopathological and biochemical investigation
Figure 3. Immunohistochemistry for SOD. No SOD immunoreactivity in liver tissue in group 1 (a). Moderate and strong SOD immunoreactivity (arrows) in hepatocytes in group 2 (b) and group 3 (c), respectively. In gill tissue, no SOD immunoreactivity in group 1 (d) while few lamellar epithelial cells show light to moderate SOD immunoreactivity (arrows) in group 2 (e) and group 3 (f). In intestine tissue, no SOD immunoreactivity in group 1 (g) while moderate to strong reactivity (arrows) in intestinal villi epithelia in group 2 (h) and group 3 (i). Group 1: control, group 2: fish exposed to 15 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days, and group 3: fish exposed to 30 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days.
Figure 2 in Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on Capoeta capoeta: an immunohistopathological and biochemical investigation
Figure 2. Immunohistochemistry for catalase. In liver tissue, no catalase immunoreactivity in group 1 (a) while there are many hepatocytes showing strong immunoreactivity (arrows) in group 2 (b) and group 3 (c). No catalase immunoreactivity is present in gill tissue in group 1 (d). Light to moderate catalase immunoreactive cells were seen in lamellar epithelia (arrows) in group 2 (e) and group 3 (f). No catalase immunoreactivity in intestine tissue in group 1 (g), group 2 (h), and group 3 (i). Group 1: control, group 2: fish exposed to 15 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days, and group 3: fish exposed to 30 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days.
Figure 1 in Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on Capoeta capoeta: an immunohistopathological and biochemical investigation
Figure 1. Histopathology of liver tissue in group 1 (a), group 2 (b), and group 3 (c). Hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes (black arrows) in nitrogen fertilizer exposed fish. In gill tissue, normal histomorphology in group 1 (d) while blunting and association in some secondary lamellae (black arrows) and some vacuolated epithelia (white arrows) in group 2 (e) and group 3 (f). Normal intestinal morphology in group 1 (g) while occasional blunting in intestinal villi (black arrows) in group 2 (h) and group 3 (i). Group 1: control, group 2: fish exposed to 15 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days, and group 3: fish exposed to 30 mg/L nitrogen fertilizer for 15 days. Hematoxylin-eosin.
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization challenges the climate benefit of cellulosic biofuels
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Meta-analytical data on soil organic, particulate organic, and mineral-associated organic carbon under nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased precipitation, drought, and their combined effects
Data were harvested from journal articles found on the Web of Science Core Collection and the ProQuest Agricultural and Environmental Database that studied soil organic matter fraction carbon responses to global changes (nitrogen fertilization, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric warming, increased and decreased precipitation, and combined effects). Soil organic carbon fractions were designated as particulate organic carbon or mineral-associated organic carbon based on size and density cutoffs. Relevant metadata, including article information (authors, publication year), environmental information (soil type, climate, and land use), and experiment information (rates, methods) were also added to the dataset.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities, Toolik Field Station, North Slope Alaska, Arctic LTER 1991.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities Arctic LTER experimental plots, Toolik Field Station, 1992.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities. This is the second year of collection data.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities, Toolik Field Station, North Slope Alaska, Arctic LTER 1993.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions were monitored in control, greenhouse, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilized plots of three different plant communities. This is the third year of collection data.
Nitrogen fixation, nodule respiration, and nodule Frankia identiy in alder growing in control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized stands.
This data file includes data of simultaneous measurements of nitrogen fixation and nodule respiration in nodule clusters where Frankia identities were determined using molecular techniques from Alnus tenuifolia growing in replicate control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized mid-successional stands along the Tanana River.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus resorption of thin-leaf alder growing in control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized plots across a floodplain successional gradient.
This file includes data for leaf N and P concentrations, specific leaf weight, and N and P resorption for thin-leaf alder during the 2009 growing in control, N-fertilized, and P-fertilized stands in early-, mid- and late-successional stages along the Tanana River.
Responses of dry meadow Kobresia myosuroides and Carex rupestris to Nitrogen fertilization for East of Tvan, 2013 - 2015
A common response of plant communities to increased nitrogen (N) deposition is a shift in species’ abundances. Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the changes in abundance, notably competition and soil acidification. We hypothesized that a plant species that decreased in abundance with elevated N would have lower ectomycorrhizal fungi, altered root-associated bacteria communities, and/or greater susceptibility to Al toxicity than a species that increased in abundance with increasing N deposition. We examined changes in plant–microbe associations and Al toxicity in two dominant species from an alpine dry meadow community subjected to long-term low-level N addition. Carex rupestris has increased in cover over time with N addition and Kobresia myosuroides has decreased. We conducted field sampling of soil microbes from treatment plots and tested whether field levels of Al have toxic effects on sedge species in a greenhouse study. Declines in ectomycorrhizal infection of Cenococcum geophilum occurred on Kobresia with increasing N treatment. In contrast, neither Al level nor changes in bacteria community composition corresponded with the change in cover of sedge species. Decreased ectomycorrhizal infection may have contributed to the decrease in abundance of Kobresia. This study contributes to an understanding of the types of plant–soil interactions that may influence how plant species respond to N deposition and rejects Al toxicity and changes in bacteria composition as factors that likely play a role in changes in sedge abundance. Citations: Potter, T. S., Owens, W. M., Bowman, W. D. (2019). Do plant–microbe interactions and aluminum tolerance influence alpine sedge species’ responses to nitrogen deposition?. Ecosphere, 10(7), e02775.
Sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole sediment core incubations from a fertilized (Sweeney) and reference (West) creek in the Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts.
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Tree damage data from a 2009 windstorm in a temperate forest nitrogen fertilization experiment
<p>This repository contains the data and analysis for the paper <em>Nitrogen fertilization increases windstorm damage in an aggrading forest</em> by Walter, C.A., Fowler, Z.K., Adams, M.B., Burnham, M.B., McNeil, B.E., and W.T Peterjohn (2021) in the journal <em>Forests</em>, 12, 443. Open-access article available at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443</a>.</p> <p>The analysis follows a two-step process:</p> <ol> <li>Prepare data using ba.csv and damage.csv in the script Data_prep.R</li> <li>Use prepared data in analysis.csv to perform bootstrap analysis in the script Analysis.R</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><strong><em>Analysis</em></strong></p> <p>ba.csv and damage.csv are the datasheets corresponding to the 2009 forest inventory and the 2011 forest damage assessment in the LTSP experiment. These datasheets are run through the analysis pipeline Data_prep.R to create the analysisdata.csv datasheet that is used in the bootstrap analysis Analysis.R</p> <p>Data_prep.R calculates the percentage of stems and the basal area damaged in each LTSP treatment subunits (called "square"). It does this for all spp. together, by spp., by damage type, and by damage severity. This results in 17 response variables that are used in the bootstrap analysis. These data are written to analysisdata.csv.</p> <p>Analysis.R uses the prepped datasheet analysisdata.csv to compute empirical means across treatments, and create bootstrapped mean distributions using an 50,000 random samples. The empirical means are compared to the boostrapped mean distributions to calculate p-values.</p> <p>A detailed explanation of the analysis is available in the paper at <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/4/443</a>.</p> <p><strong><em>Data</em></strong></p> <p>There are three datasheets in this repository - ba.csv, damage.csv, and analysisdata.csv. ba.csv is the data from the 2009 forest inventory in the LTSP (Fowler et al. 2014). damage.csv is the data from the 2011 damage survey in the LTSP. And analysisdata.csv is analysis product of both ba.csv and damage.csv, data for the percentage of trees (basal area or stems) damaged. The attributes are explained as follows:</p> <p><strong>ba.csv</strong>:<br> block - LTSP block number [integer]<br> trmt - LTSP treatment name [string]<br> plot - LTSP plot number [integer]<br> square - subunit of plot [integer]<br> area_m2 - area of square in square meters [float]<br> area_ha - area of square in ha [float]<br> date - date square was sampled [date]<br> spp - species four-letter code [string]<br> tree - individual tree number [integer]<br> branch - individual branch of individual tree number [integer]<br> status - tree mortality status; L = live, D = Dead [binary string]<br> dbh_cm - tree / branch diameter at breast height in centimeters [float]<br> ba_m2 - tree / branch diameter at breast height in meters [float]<br> baperham2 - basal area per hectare in square meters [float]<br> uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string]<br> uniq_plot - concatenation of block|plot|trmt [string]</p> <p><strong>damage.csv</strong>:<br> block - LTSP block number [integer]<br> plot - LTSP plot number [integer]<br> square - subunit of plot [integer]<br> spp - species four-letter code [string]<br> status - tree mortality status; L = live, D = Dead [binary string]<br> damagetype - damage type designation; B = bent, T = tipup, S = snap [string]<br> degree - damage degree; M = moderate, S = significant, E = extensive, P = prostrate [string]<br> damagecat - concatenation of damagetype and degree [string]<br> damagecont - arbitrarily designated ordinal scale of damagecat [integer]<br> dbh_cm - tree / branch diameter at breast height in centimeters [float]<br> ba_m2 - tree / branch diameter at breast height in meters [float]<br> trmt - LTSP treatment name [string]<br> uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string]<br> uniq_plot - concatenation of block|plot|trmt [string]</p> <p><strong>analysisdata.csv</strong>: <br> trmt - LTSP treatment name [string]<br> uniq_square - concatenation of block|plot|square|trmt [string]<br> totalba - total basal area in square meters of the square [float]<br> damageba - damaged ba in square meters of the square [float]<br> pctbadam - percentage of the totalba damaged [float]<br> totstems - total number of stems in the square [integer]<br> damstems - number of damages stems in the square [integer]<br> pctstemdam - percentage of totstems damaged in the square [float]<br> sumbent - sum of bent stems in the square [integer]<br> sumsnap - sum of snap stems in the square [integer]<br> sumtipup - sum of tiput stems in the square [integer]<br> pctbent - percentage of damaged stems of damage type bent in the square [float]<br> pctsnap - percentage of damaged stems of damage type snap in the square [float]<br> pcttipup - percentage of damaged stems of damage type tipup in the square [float]<br> sumseverE - sum of stems of damage severity class E (Extensive) in square [integer]<br> sumseverM - sum of stems of damage severity class M (Moderate) in square [integer]<br> sumseverP - sum of stems of damage severity class P (Prostrate) in square [integer]<br> sumseverS - sum of stems of damage severity class S (Severe) in square [integer]<br> pctseverE - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class E (Extensive) in square [float]<br> pctseverM - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class M (Moderate) in square [float]<br> pctseverP - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class P (Prostrate) in square [float]<br> pctseverS - percentage of damaged stems of damage severity class S (Severe) in square [float]<br> prpestemdam - sum of prpe stems damaged in square [integer]<br> litustemdam - sum of litu stems damaged in square [integer]<br> prsestemdam - sum of prse stems damaged in square [integer]<br> belestemdam - sum of bele stems damaged in square [integer]<br> prpestem - sum of prpe stems in square [integer]<br> litustem - sum of litu stems in square [integer]<br> prsestem - sum of prse stems in square [integer]<br> belestem - sum of bele stems in square [integer]<br> pctprpedam - percentage of prpestem damaged in square [float]<br> pctlitudam - percentage of litustem damaged in square [float]<br> pctprsedam - percentage of prsestem damaged in square [float]<br> pctbeledam - percentage of belestem damaged in square [float]<br> prpedamba - sum of prpe basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer]<br> litudamba - sum of litu basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer]<br> prsedamba - sum of prse basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer]<br> beledamba - sum of bele basal area damaged in square meters in square [integer]<br> prpeba - sum of prpe basal area in square meters in square [integer]<br> lituba - sum of litu basal area in square meters in square [integer]<br> prseba - sum of prse basal area in square meters in square [integer]<br> beleba - sum of bele basal area in square meters in square [integer]<br> pctprpebadam - percentage of prpeba damaged in square [float]<br> pctlitubadam - percentage of lituba damaged in square [float]<br> pctprsebadam - percentage of prseba damaged in square [float]<br> pctbelebadam - percentage of beleba damaged in square [float]</p> <p><strong>Field sampling protocol</strong></p> <p>Additional details and schematics of the field sampling of the forest survey and damage assessment are included in the MS Excel file field_sampling_protocol.xlsx. The file includes graphical layouts of the blocks, plots, and squares and details of the measurements taken during sampling.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>License</strong></p> <p><em>MIT License</em></p> <p>Copyright (c) 2021 Chris Walter</p> <p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software, data, code, and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p> <p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p> <p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.
Data from: Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases
The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen–host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.
data for publication "Benefits of biobased fertilizers as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers: Field assessment combining minirhizotron and UAV-based spectrum sensing technologies"
<p>Dataset for the scientific publication "Benefits of biobased fertilizers as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers: Field assessment combining minirhizotron and UAV-based spectrum sensing technologies" in the Journal Frontiers of Environmental Science. </p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.988932">https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.988932</a></p>
data for publication "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers"
<p>Dataset for the scientific publication titled "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers" in the Journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/applied-soil-ecology">Applied Soil Ecology</a>. </p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033</a> </p>
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