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51 results for “nitrous oxide emissions”
Dataset for: Indirect nitrous oxide emission factors of fluvial networks can be predicted by dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from local to global scales
<p>Streams and rivers are important sources of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), a powerful greenhouse gas. Estimating global riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions is critical for the assessment of anthropogenic N<sub>2</sub>O emission inventories. The indirect N<sub>2</sub>O emission factor (EF<sub>5r</sub>) model, one of the bottom-up approaches, adopts a fixed EF<sub>5r</sub> value to estimate riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions based on IPCC methodology. However, the estimates have considerable uncertainty due to the large spatiotemporal variations in EF<sub>5r</sub> values. Factors regulating EF<sub>5r</sub> are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we combine 4-year in situ observations across rivers of different land use types in China, with a global meta-analysis over six continents, to explore the spatiotemporal variations and controls on EF<sub>5r</sub> values. Our results show that the EF<sub>5r</sub> values in China and other regions with high N loads are lower than those for regions with lower N loads. Although the global mean EF<sub>5r</sub> value is comparable to the IPCC default value, the global EF<sub>5r</sub> values are highly skewed with large variations, indicating that adopting region-specific EF<sub>5r</sub> values rather than revising the fixed default value is more appropriate for the estimation of regional and global riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The ratio of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate (DOC/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> concentration are identified as the dominant predictors of region-specific EF<sub>5r</sub> values at both regional and global scales because stoichiometry and nutrients strictly regulate denitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O production efficiency in rivers. A multiple linear regression model using DOC/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is proposed to predict region-specific EF<sub>5r</sub> values. The good fit of the model associated with easily obtained water quality variables allows its widespread application. This study fills a key knowledge gap in predicting region-specific EF<sub>5r</sub> values at the global scale and provides a pathway to estimate global riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emissions more accurately based on IPCC methodology.</p> <p>This dataset is a global integrated N<sub>2</sub>O dataset including data from 4-year (2017-2020) in situ measurements of six large rivers in China, 3-year (2018-2020) in situ measurements of urban river networks in Beijing of China, and 825 measurements from 70 published papers over six continents. The data includes dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O concentration, biogeochemical (DOC, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, temperature, and DO), climatological (climate zones), and geographic (region, location, and land cover) information.</p>
Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from inland waters and estuaries
<p><span>Inland waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, streams) and estuaries are globally significant emitters of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) to the atmosphere, while global estimates of these emissions have been hampered due to the lack of a worldwide comprehensive dataset with the collection of complete CH<sub>4</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>O flux components. Here, we synthesize 2,997<em> in-situ</em> flux or concentration measurements of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O from 277 peer-reviewed publications to explore the role of inland waters and estuaries in shaping climate change. We estimate that inland waters including rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and streams together release 95.18 Tg CH<sub>4</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup> (ebullition plus diffusion) and 1.48 Tg N<sub>2</sub>O yr<sup>-1</sup> (diffusion) to the atmosphere, yielding an overall CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emission total of 3.06 Pg CO<sub>2</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>, representing roughly 60% of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (5.13 Pg CO<sub>2</sub> yr<sup>-1</sup>) from these four inland aquatic systems,</span> <span>among which lakes act as the largest emitter for both CH<sub>4</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>O. Ebullition is noticed as a dominant flux component of CH<sub>4</sub>, contributing up to 62–84% of total CH<sub>4</sub>fluxes across all inland waters. Chamber-derived CH<sub>4 </sub>emission rates are significantly greater than those determined by diffusion model-based methods for commonly capturing both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes. Water dissolved oxygen (</span><span>DO) showed as a dominant factor among all variables to influence both CH<sub>4</sub>(diffusive and ebullitive) and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from inland waters</span><span>. Our study reveals a major oversight in regional and global CH<sub>4</sub>budgets from inland waters, caused by neglect of the dominant role of ebullition pathways in those emissions. The indirect N<sub>2</sub>O EF<sub>5</sub> values established in this study generally suggest a downward revision is required in current IPCC default EF<sub>5</sub> values for inland waters and estuaries.</span><span> Our findings further indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the </span><span>magnitude and patterns of</span><span> CH<sub>4 </sub>and </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O emissions</span> <span>from </span><span>inland waters and estuaries </span><span>is essential in defining how these aquatic systems will shape our climate.</span></p>
Data from: Global evaluation of inhibitor impacts on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils: A meta-analysis
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Long-term tillage and cover cropping differentially influenced soil nitrous oxide emissions from cotton cropping system
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Data from: Legacy effects of land use on soil nitrous oxide emissions in annual crop and perennial grassland ecosystems
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Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from inland waters and estuaries
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Data from: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from subsurface soils of agricultural ecosystems
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Data for: Nitrous oxide emissions from groundnut and millets farms in semi-arid peninsular India
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Data from: Nitrous oxide emissions during establishment of eight alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central United States
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Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
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Dataset for: Indirect nitrous oxide emission factors of fluvial networks can be predicted by dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from local to global scales
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Soil nitrous oxide emissions from global specialty crop systems
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Global nitrous oxide emissions from livestock manure during 1890−2020: An IPCC Tier 2 inventory
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Data for: Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites
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Data from: Machine learning improves predictions of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from intensively managed cropping systems
<p><span>The potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>O) is accumulating in the atmosphere at unprecedented rates largely due to agricultural intensification, and cultivated soils contribute ~60% of the agricultural flux. Empirical models of N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>O fluxes for intensively managed cropping systems are confounded by highly variable fluxes and limited </span><span><span>geographic coverage;</span></span><span> process-based biogeochemical models are rarely able to predict daily to monthly emissions with > 20% accuracy even with site-specific calibration. Here we show the promise for machine learning (ML) to significantly improve field-level flux predictions, especially when coupled with a cropping systems model to simulate unmeasured </span><span><span>soil</span></span><span> parameters. We used sub-daily N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>O flux data from six years of automated flux chambers installed in a continuous corn rotation at a site in the upper U.S. Midwest (~3000 sub-daily flux observations), supplemented with weekly to biweekly manual chamber measurements (~1100 daily fluxes), to train an ML model that explained 65-89% of daily flux variance with very few input variables –soil moisture, days after fertilization, soil texture, air temperature, soil carbon, precipitation, and N fertilizer rate. When applied to a long-term test site not used to train the model, the model explained 38% of the variation observed in weekly to biweekly manual chamber measurements from corn, and 51% upon coupling the ML model with a cropping systems model that predicted daily soil N availability. </span><span><span>This represents a 2-3 times improvement over conventional process-based models and with substantially fewer input requirements.</span></span><span> This coupled approach </span><span><span>offers promise</span></span><span> for better predictions of agricultural N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>O emissions and thus more precise global models and more effective </span><span><span>agricultural mitigation interventions.</span></span></p>
Data for the article "Nitrate driven eutrophication supports high nitrous oxide production and emission in coastal lagoons"
<p>The data file shows data on:</p> <ul> <li>bottom water temperature</li> <li>bottom water oxygen, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, DIN, DIP, and chlorophyll a concentrations</li> <li>bottom water N:P ratio</li> <li>benthic N2O flux</li> <li>water-air N2O flux</li> <li>benthic O2, NO2-, NO3-, DIN, and DIP flux</li> </ul> <p>Samples were collected from three European lagoons (Curonian, Vistula and Oder) in 2021 to 2023. </p>
Nitrous oxide emission and grain yield in Chinese winter wheat-summer maize rotation: A meta-analysis
<p>Collected data for the meta-analysis of the N2O emissions and grain yields in Chinese winter wheat-summer maize rotation. The manuscript is submitted to Agronomy.</p>
Nitrogen addition, rather than altered precipitation, stimulates nitrous oxide emissions in an alpine steppe
<p>Anthropogenic-driven global change, including changes in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation patterns, is dramatically altering N cycling in soil. How long-term N deposition, precipitation changes, and their interaction influence nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions remains unknown, especially in the alpine steppes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To fill this knowledge gap, a platform of N addition (10 g m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) and altered precipitation (± 50% precipitation) experiments was established in an alpine steppe of the QTP in 2013. Long-term N addition significantly increased N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, neither long-term alterations in precipitation nor the co-occurrence of N addition and altered precipitation significantly affected N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. These unexpected findings indicate that N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are particularly susceptible to N deposition in the alpine steppes. Our results further indicated that both biotic and abiotic properties had significant effects on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions occurred mainly due to nitrification, which was dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Furthermore, the alterations in belowground biomass and soil temperature induced by N addition modulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Overall, this study provides pivotal insights to aid the prediction of future responses of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions to long-term N deposition and precipitation changes in alpine ecosystems. The underlying microbial pathway and key predictors of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions identified in this study may also be used for future global-scale model studies.</p>
How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses
<p>This data file includes five datasets used to construct the following five figures.</p> <ul> <li>Fig. 1. Response ratios (RR) of biochar application on soil N<span class="font6"><sub>2</sub></span><span class="font5">O emissions from the meta-analyses and grand mean of RR and its 95% confident interval. Number on the right side is the total number of experiments used for RR calculation. <br></span> </li> <li>Fig. 2. Impacts of experimental setting including experiment type (a), ecosystem type (b), and experimental duration (c) on the response ratios (RR) of biochar application on soil N<span class="font6"><sub>2</sub></span><span class="font5">O emissions. Number on the right side is the total number of experiments used for RR calculation.</span> </li> <li>Fig. 3. Impacts of biochar properties including feedstock (a), pyrolysis temperature (b), pH (c), and C:N ratio (d) on the response ratios (RR) of biochar application on soil N<span class="font6"><sub>2</sub></span><span class="font5">O emissions. Number on the right side is the total number of experiments used for RR calculation.</span> </li> <li>Fig. 4. Impacts of soil properties including soil texture (a), soil organic carbon (SOC, b), C:N ratio (c), and soil pH (d) on the response ratios (RR) of biochar application on soil N<span class="font6"><sub>2</sub></span><span class="font5">O emissions. Number on the right side is the total number of experiments used for RR calculation.</span> </li> <li>Fig. 5. Impacts of agricultural practices including biochar application rate (a), type of fertilizer (b), and nitrogen (N) application rate (c) on the response ratios (RR) of biochar application on soil N<span class="font6"><sub>2</sub></span><span class="font5">O emission. Number on the right side is the total number of experiments used for RR calculation.</span> </li> </ul>
Nitrous oxide emissions from eroding high-center polygons in an Arctic coastal wetland, 2021.
<p>This data contains nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes from eroding polygon features located in a coastal wetland near Utqiaġvik, Alaska on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO). Static chamber fluxes were measured with a Gasmet GT5000 Terra Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) greenhouse gas analyzer (GGA) and a clear, cylindrical polycarbonate chamber (50 cm height and 20cm diameter) in a closed system at a 1Hz sampling rate. The FTIR GGA is capable of measuring concentrations by scanning the full infrared spectrum and calculating the concentrations of each gas in the sample based on its absorption.Chamber collars were made of PVC (15 cm height and 20 cm diameter) and installed 3 days prior to greenhouse gas measurements at a depth of 10 cm. Fluxes were measured at 30 locations – 10 vegetated replicates and 20 unvegetated soil replicates – whenever weather permitted during July 2021 for a total of 263 measurements. Ancillary measurements included soil temperature, bulk density, thaw depth, soil water content, stable isotope ratios, and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Soil water content, soil surface temperature, and thaw depth were measured at the time of each chamber measurement at the flux collar throughout the study period (n = 263). Soil water content was measured with a Fieldscout 300 TDR soil moisture meter. Soil surface temperature was measured with an infrared thermometer. Depth of thaw was measured with a small diameter metal rod. Bulk density was measured from soil samples from the top 15 cm of the soil column, collected at each collar location at the end of the study period, for a total of 30 samples. Soil samples were dried for 24 hours at 60 °C in a drying oven and results expressed as weighed per unit volume. </p> <p>Soil samples from the top 15 cm of the soil column were removed at both vegetated and unvegetated areas near where fluxes were measured using a handheld soil sampling corer (7 cm diameter, 15 cm height) at the end of the experiment. Soil samples consisted of four profiles with three depths for a total of 24 samples. Samples were then separated into 5 cm depth segments (to check relationship with depth) using a band saw, placed in a drying oven at 65 C for 48 hours, then homogenized with a vibratory ball mill. The abundance of <sup>15</sup>N, <sup>13</sup>C, and C:N ratios were measured using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS, Delta V Advantage, Thermo Fisher Scientific). A laboratory standard (USGS41, L-glutamic acid) was used as a reference material for the calibration of stable carbon and nitrogen measurements. Isotope values are reported in standard δ notation (‰) relative to Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (δ <sup>13</sup>C) and air-N2 (δ <sup>15</sup>N). </p> <p>Files in this repository:</p> <p>This dataset consists of four files: (1) 'chamber_fluxes.csv' contains measurements for individual flux data; (2) 'collar_means.csv' contains measurements averaged per collar location and include discrete bulk density measurements; (3) 'soil_content.csv' contains measurements of carbon content, nitrogen content, and isotope content; and (4) 'metadata.csv' contains a description of column headers and units.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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