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Fig. 24 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 24 (opposite page). Light micrographs showing overviews and details of non-types of Echinoderes cf. unispinosus Yamasaki, Neuhaus & George, 2018, ♂ (A, H) (NHMD-227016), ♀ (B–E, G) (NHMD227020) and ♀ (F) (NHMD-227019). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 7, dorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 8, ventral view. F. Segments 7 to 9, focused on sublateral glandular cell outlet type 2 on segment 8. G. ♀, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. H. ♂, segments 9 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lagco2 = lateral accessory glandular cell outlet type 2; ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; mds = middorsal spine; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spine; sdgco2 = subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; si = sieve plate; slgco2 = sublateral glandular cell outlet type 2; te = tergal extensions; vlgco2 = ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 2; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 10 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 10. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes hviidarum sp. nov. A. ♂, dorsal view. B. ♂, ventral view. C. ♂, segments 10 to 11, with lateral terminal spines drawn in full length, dorsal view. D. ♀, segments 10 to 11, dorsal view. E. ♀, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat = lateral accessory tube; ldt = laterodorsal tube; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; lvt = lateroventral tube; mdgco1 = middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mds = middorsal spine; mlss = midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1 = paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe = penile spines; pr = protuberance; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; si = sieve plate; slgco1 = sublateral glandular cell outlet type 1; slss = sublateral sensory spot; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 27 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 27. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Fissuroderes higginsi Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006, ♂. A. Ventrolateral overview. B. Lateral overview. C. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. D. Detail showing left sternal plate of segment 6. E. Segments 4 to 6, laterodorsal view. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view G. Segments 8 to 9, laterodorsal view. H. Segment 10, dorsal view. I. Segment 11, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt = laterodorsal tube; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; mds = middorsal spine; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spine; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; sls = sublateral spine; te = tergal extensions; vlt = ventrolateral tube; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 6 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 6 (opposite page). Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dubiosus sp. nov. A. Lateral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, laterodorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 2 to 3, lateral view. E. Detail showing minute midlateral glandular cell outlet type 2 on segment 2. F. Detail showing middorsal spines and paradorsal sensory spots on segments 6 and 7. G. Segments 4 to 7, left side middorsal to laterodorsal areas. H. Segments 8, lateral view. I. Segments 10 to 11 in male, laterodorsal view. J. Segments 10 to 11 in female, laterodorsal view. K. Mid- and paradorsal regions of segment 9. L. Segments 9 to 11 in male, ventral view. M. Segments 10 to 11 in female, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt = laterodorsal tube; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; mds = middorsal spine; mlgco2 = midlateral glandular cell outlet type 2; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spines; pf = papillary flap; po = pore; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; slgco1 = sublateral glandular cell outlet type 1; slt = sublateral tube; te = tergal extensions; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 12 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 12. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes hviidarum sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (A–B, E–F) (NHMD-213610), paratype, ♂ (C–D) (NHMD-213614) and paratype, ♀ (G) (NHMD213635). A. Dorsal overview. B. Ventral overview. C. Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. D. Segments 8 to 11, ventral view. E. ♂, segments 10 to 11, dorsal view. F. ♂, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. G. ♀, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat = lateral accessory tube; ldt = laterodorsal tube; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; lvt = lateroventral tube; mds = middorsal spine; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spines; pr = protuberance; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; te = tergal extensions; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot.

Fig. 26 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 26. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Fissuroderes higginsi Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006, non-type, ♂ (NHMD-227025). A. Dorsal overview. B. Ventral overview. C. Segments 1 to 4, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. E. Segments 4 to 7, dorsal view. F. Segments 8 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvgco1 = lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvs = lateroventral spine; mds = middorsal spine; pe = penile spine; sdt = subdorsal tube; sls = sublateral spine; te = tergal extensions; vlt = ventrolateral tube.

Fig. 9 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 9 (opposite page). Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes hamiltonorum sp. nov. A. Lateral overview. B. Ventral overview. C. Mouth cone. D. Introvert sector 8. E. Segments 1 to 3, dorsolateral view; note that laterodorsal sensory spots are missing in this particular specimen. F. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. G. Detail showing lateral side of segment 8 without any indication of glandular cell outlets type 2. H. Segments 8 to 9, lateral view. I. Detail showing midlateral to lateroventral parts of segments 5 and 6. J. ♂, segments 10 to 11, dorsolateral view. K. ♂, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. L. ♀, segments 10 to 11, laterodorsal view. Abbreviations: ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt = laterodorsal tube; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; lvt = lateroventral tube; mdss = middorsal sensory spot; mlss = midlateral sensory spot; oos = outer oral style; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spines; psp = primary spinoscalid; sdgco2 = subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; si = sieve plate; slgco2 = sublateral glandular cell outlet type 2; sp = spinoscalid followed by introvert ring number; te = tergal extensions; tr = trichoscalid; vlgco1 = ventrolateral glandular cell outlet type 1; vlss = ventrolateral sensory spot; vlt = ventrolateral tube; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 19 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 19. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes lupherorum sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (A–C, H) (NHMD-225220), paratype, ♀ (D–G) (NHMD-225226) and paratype, ♂ (I–J) (NHMD-225225). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 3 to 6, dorsal view. E. Segments 3 to 6, ventral view. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. G. Segments 7 to 8, ventral view. H. ♀, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. I. ♂, segments 10 to 11, dorsal view. J. ♂, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: fpa = female papillae; ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; lvt = lateroventral tube; mds = middorsal spine; mlt = midlateral tube; pdss = paradorsal sensory spot; pe = penile spine; sdgco1/2 = subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 1 or 2; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; te = tergal extensions; vmss = ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 22 in Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific

Fig. 22. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes yamasakii sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (A–G) (NHMD-226471) and paratype, ♂ (H) (NHMD-226479). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 4, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. D. Segments 7 to 10, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 9, ventral view. F. Segments 10 to 11, focused on midlateral tube. G. ♀, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. H. ♂, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: fpa = female papillae; ldgco2 = laterodorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss = laterodorsal sensory spot; ltas = lateral terminal accessory spine; lts = lateral terminal spine; lvs = lateroventral spine; lvt = lateroventral tube; mdgco1 = middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mds = middorsal spine; mlt = midlateral tube; pe = penile spine; sdgco2 = subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss = subdorsal sensory spot; si = sieve plate; te = tergal extensions.

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Data from: Climatic damage cause variations of agricultural insurance loss for the Pacific Northwest region of the United States

Agricultural crop insurance is an important component for mitigating farm risk, particularly given the potential for unexpected climatic events. Using a 2.8 million nationwide insurance claim dataset from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), this research study examines spatiotemporal variations of over 31,000 agricultural insurance loss claims across the 24-county region of the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) portion of the United States, from 2001 to 2022. Wheat is the dominant insurance loss crop for the region, accounting for over 2.8 billion dollars in indemnities, with over 1.5 billion dollars resulting in claims due to drought (across the 22 year time period). While fruit production generates considerably lesser insurance losses (400 million dollars) as a primary result of freeze, frost, and hail, overall revenue ranks number one for the region, with 2 billion dollars in sales, across the same time range. Principal components analysis of crop insurance claims showed distinct spatial and temporal differentiation in wheat and apple insurance losses using the range of damage causes as factor loadings. The first two factor loadings for wheat accounts for approximately 50 percent of total variance for the region, while a separate analysis of apples accounts for over 60 percent of total variance. These distinct orthogonal differences in losses by year and commodity in relationship to damage causes suggest that insurance loss analysis may serve as an effective barometer in gauging climatic influences.

GEOS CCM free-running simulation data of the Pacific-Northwest pyrocumulonimbus Event-like aerosol injection, SWIRL selection

Data from GEOS CCM free running simulation of the Pacific-Northwest pyrocumulonimbus Event.  The simulations have been designed and performed by Sampa Das and Peter R. Colarco at the NASA Center for Climate Simulations; the computing resources supporting the simulations shown in this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. The datasets stored here have been generated by Giorgio Doglioni starting from the whole results of the simulations. The files are in hdf5 format and their structure and content is described in the README file.

Fig. 8 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 8. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 7 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 7. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Plates with diagonal keel. D. Asymmetrical plates. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Warty spindles. H. Capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 6. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. A. Whole specimen. B. Surface of the capitulum. C. Section of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooid. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; C = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 5. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 4 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 4. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 3. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 2 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 2. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus

Fig. 1. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov. A. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from above. B. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from below. C. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). D. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). E. Paratype (MIMB 42494), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. F. Holotype (MIMB 42493); section of the capitulum; 1 = autozooid, 2 = mesozooid. G. Holotype (MIMB 42493); surface of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooids. Scale bars: A–E = 10 mm; F–G = not to scale.