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45 results for “nutrient cycles”
Data from: Burrowing detritivores regulate nutrient cycling in a desert ecosystem
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Marine Protection and Environmental Forcing Influence Fish-Derived Nutrient Cycling in Kelp Forests
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Abandoned pastures and restored savannahs have distinct patterns of plant-soil feedback and nutrient cycling compared with native Brazilian savannahs.
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Functional-trait based restoration alters nutrient cycling and invasion rates in Hawaiian lowland wet forest
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Data from: Simplification of shade tree diversity reduces nutrient cycling resilience in coffee agroforestry
1. Agroforestry systems are refuges for biodiversity and provide multiple ecosystem functions and services. Diverse multispecies shade tree canopies are increasingly replaced by monospecific shade, often dominated by non-native tree species. The loss of tree diversity and the nature of the dominating tree can have strong implications for ecosystem functions, e.g. nutrient cycling ultimately reducing crop production. 2. To understand direct and indirect impacts of shade trees on nutrient cycling and crop production, we studied coffee agroforestry systems in India along a gradient from native multispecies canopies to Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae) -dominated canopy cover. We identified 25 agroforests, across a broad rainfall and management gradient and assessed litter quantity and quality, decomposition, nutrient release, soil fertility and coffee nutrient limitations. 3. Increasing G. robusta dominance affected nutrient cycling predominantly by; (1) changing of litter phenology, (2) reducing phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and zinc (Zn) inputs via litterfall, decelerated litter decomposition and immobilization of P and Zn due to low quality litter, (3) reducing soil carbon (C) and micronutrients (especially sulphur (S), Mg and B). Coffee plants were deficient in several nutrients (nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), Mg and S in organic and B in conventional management). (4) Overall G. robusta dominated agroforests were characterized by a reduction of P cycling due to low inputs, strong immobilization while decomposition and antagonistic effects on its release in litter mixtures with coffee. 4. Synthesis and applications. The conversion of shade cover in coffee agroforestry systems from diverse tree canopies to canopies dominated by Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae) reduces the inputs and cycling of several micro- and macronutrients. Soil fertility is therefore expected to decline in G. robusta dominated systems, with likely impacts on coffee production. These negative effects might increase under the longer dry periods projected by regional climate change scenarios due to the pronounced litter phenology of G. robusta. Maintaining diverse shade canopies can more effectively sustain micro- and macronutrients in a more seasonal climate.
Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers
<p>The modified-leaf pitchers of <i>Nepenthes rafflesiana</i> pitcher plants are aquatic, allochthonous ecosystems which are inhabited by specialist inquilines and sustained by the input of invertebrate prey. Detritivorous inquilines are known to increase the nutrient-cycling efficiency (NCE) of pitchers but it is unclear if predatory inquilines which prey on these detritivores decrease the NCE of pitchers by reducing detritivore populations or increase the NCE of pitchers by processing nutrients that may otherwise be locked up in detritivore biomass. <i>Nepenthosyrphus </i>is a small and poorly studied genus of hoverflies and the larvae of one such species is a facultatively detritivorous predator which inhabits the pitchers of <i>N. rafflesiana</i>. We fitted a consumer–resource model to experimental data collected from this system. Simulations showed that systems containing the predator at equilibrium almost always had higher NCEs than those containing only prey (detritivore) species. We showed using a combination of simulated predator/prey exclusions that the processing of the resource through multiple pathways and trophic levels in this system is more efficient than that accomplished through fewer pathways and trophic levels. Our results thus support the vertical diversity hypothesis which predicts that greater diversity across trophic levels results in greater ecosystem functioning.</p>
Fire decreases soil enzyme activities and reorganizes microbially-mediated nutrient cycles: a meta-analysis
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The biogeochemical signature of fire shapes the functioning of many ecosystems. Fire changes nutrient cycles not only by volatilizing plant material, but also by altering organic matter decomposition—a process regulated by soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs). However, our understanding of fire effects on EEAs and their feedbacks to nutrient cycles is incomplete. We conducted a meta-analysis with 301 field studies and found that fire significantly decreased EEAs by ~20-40%. Fire decreased EEAs by decreasing soil microbial biomass and organic matter substrates. Soil nitrogen-acquiring EEA decreased alongside decreasing available nitrogen, likely from fire-driven volatilization of nitrogen and decreased microbial activity. Fire decreased soil phosphorus-acquiring EEA but increased available phosphorus, likely from pyro-mineralization of organic phosphorus. These findings suggest that fire suppresses soil microbes and consumes their substrates, thereby slowing microbially-mediated nutrient cycles (especially phosphorus) via decreased EEAs. These changes can become increasingly important as fire regimes in many ecosystems continue to shift in response to global change.</span></p>
Dataset: Numerical experiments on the sensitivity of Chesapeake Bay N2O cycles to climate warming and nutrient reductions and the associated code and input files
<p>A three-dimensional numerical model of the Chesapeake Bay (East Coast of the United States) was used to simulate the N<sub>2</sub>O cycle. The model is an implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS, <a href="https://www.myroms.org/" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://www.myroms.org/</a>) with modules for sediment resuspension (Warner et al. 2008) and biogeochemistry (St-Laurent et al. 2020), with the latest addition of N<sub>2</sub>O as a separate state variable. It simulates hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry with a horizontal resolution of approximately 1.8 km and 20 topography-following vertical levels. Physical forcings include the ERA5 reanalysis (3-hourly) and tidal constituents from Szpilka et al. (2016).</p> <p>The dataset includes four primary numerical experiments designed to highlight the sensitivity of the Chesapeake Bay N<sub>2</sub>O cycle to climate warming and terrestrial nutrient management. The reference run was conducted for the year 2016, which represents a normal streamflow year. Three sensitivity experiments retained the same model forcings as in the reference run, except for one of the following combinations:</p> <ol> <li>Decreased atmospheric N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, decreased atmospheric temperature, and increased riverine nitrate and organic nitrogen concentrations to 1986 levels (<strong>Test1986</strong>).</li> <li>Decreased atmospheric N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations and increased riverine nitrate and organic nitrogen concentrations to 1986 levels (<strong>Test1986warming</strong>).</li> <li>Increased atmospheric N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, increased atmospheric temperature, and decreased riverine nitrate and organic nitrogen concentrations to 2050 levels (<strong>Test2050</strong>).</li> </ol> <p>The file <code>Results_for_plot.zip</code> includes model outputs used to generate figures, including monthly Bay-wide N<sub>2</sub>O distribution and the daily N<sub>2</sub>O budget integrated over the Bay. In addition to the model outputs, this archive contains the computer code (<code>ROMS_Code.zip</code>) and the input files necessary to reproduce the model results (<code>input_files.zip</code>). The total size of the dataset is approximately 5 GB.</p> <p>References:</p> <p>Scavia, D., Kelly, E. L. A., & Hagy, J. D. (2006). A simple model for forecasting the effects of nitrogen loads on Chesapeake Bay hypoxia. <em>Estuaries and Coasts</em>, 29(4), 674–684. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02784292">https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02784292</a></p> <p>St-Laurent, P., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Najjar, R. G., Shadwick, E. H., Tian, H., & Yao, Y. (2020). Relative impacts of global changes and regional watershed changes on the inorganic carbon balance of the Chesapeake Bay. <em>Biogeosciences</em>, 17(14), 3779–3796. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020</a></p> <p>Warner, J. C., Sherwood, C. R., Signell, R. P., Harris, C. K., & Arango, H. G. (2008). Development of a three-dimensional, regional, coupled wave, current, and sediment-transport model. <em>Computers & Geosciences</em>, 34(10), 1284–1306. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.012</a></p>
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
1. Ridges of tropical mountains often differ strikingly from neighbouring ravines in terms of forest structure, productivity, and species composition. This heterogeneity is poorly understood despite its critical role in biodiversity maintenance, carbon and nutrient budgets. 2. We examined measures of tree biomass and productivity, foliage and litter quality (nutrient concentrations, specific leaf mass, phenolics), herbivory and leaf litter decomposition in each six plots laid out in upper and lower slope position in a tropical montane moist forest in southeastern Ecuador. 3. Productivity, quality of foliage and litter and herbivory were significantly lower in upper slope position and closely correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and accumulated humus. The decomposition of upper slope leaf litter (decomposition rate k) was substantially lower than in litter from lower slope forest, whereas the site of decomposition (slope position) only had a marginal effect on the decomposition rate. 4. Our results suggest that the differences in stand structure, productivity, foliar quality, herbivory and decomposition between slope positions are ultimately due to stronger nutrient limitations in upper slope forest. We propose a general conceptual model that explains origin and maintenance of contrasting forest types along topographical gradients through down-slope fluxes of nutrients and water, and a nutrient-driven positive feedback cycle.
Plant community legacy effects on nutrient cycling, fungal decomposer communities and decomposition in a temperate grassland
<p>Soil legacies mediated by plant species-specific microbial communities are major drivers of plant community dynamics. Most soil legacy studies focus on the role of pathogens and mutualists in driving these processes, while much less is known about plant litter-mediated changes to the soil microbial community. Here, we used an existing plant-soil feedback field experiment in which plant communities with different growth strategies (i.e., fast versus slow) and different proportions of functional groups (grasses versus forbs) were allowed to condition the soil over contrasting temporal scales (i.e., one versus two years) in a natural grassland. In the feedback phase, we removed the existent plant community, and replaced it with a standardized response plant community. We then tested the legacy effects of these different soil conditioning treatments on decomposition processes, nutrient cycling and soil decomposer community composition. Soil legacy effects on decomposition and the soil decomposer community composition were most evident right after the start of the feedback phase, but disappeared soon after the new community established. The soil conditioning time and years since disturbance affected most of the soil functions consistently, while no strong effects of plant functional group and plant growth strategy were found. We conclude that after disturbance, it is recovery time, not soil legacy effects, that is the most important factor driving soil functions.</p>
Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects
<p>Tree roots not only acquire readily-usable soil nutrients but also affect microbial decomposition and manipulate nutrient availability in their surrounding soils, i.e., rhizosphere effects (REs). Thus, REs challenge the basic understanding how plants adapt to environment and co-exist with other species. Yet, how REs vary among species in response to species-specific bulk soil nutrient cycling is not well-known. Here we studied how plant-controlled microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils respond to those in their corresponding bulk soils and whether these relations depend on species-specific nutrient cycling in the bulk soils. We targeted 55 woody species of different clades and mycorrhizal types in three contrasting biomes, namely a temperate forest, a subtropical forest and a tropical forest. We found that microbial decomposition activities in rhizosphere soils responded linearly to those in their corresponding bulk soils at the species level. Thereafter, we found that REs (parameters in rhizosphere soils minus those in corresponding bulk soils) of microbial decomposition activities had negative linear correlations with microbial decomposition activities in corresponding bulk soils. A multiple factor analysis revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil water content favored bulk soil decomposition activities in all three biomes, showing that the magnitude of REs varied along a fast-slow nutrient cycling spectrum in bulk soils. The species of fast nutrient cycling in their bulk soils tended to have smaller or even negative REs. Therefore, woody plants commonly utilize both positive and negative REs as a nutrient-acquisition strategy. Based on the trade-offs between REs and other nutrient-acquisition strategies, we proposed a push and pull conceptual model which can bring plant nutrient-acquisition cost and plant carbon economics spectrum together in the future. This model will facilitate not only the carbon and nutrient cycling but also the mechanisms of species co-existence in forest ecosystems.</p>
Permafrost response to temperature rise in carbon and nutrient cycling: Effects from habitat-specific conditions and factors of warming
<p>Permafrost is warming at a rate of two times faster than the rest of the Earth's surface. However, there is still a lack of a quantitative basis for predicting the functional stability of permafrost ecosystems in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. We compiled the data of 708 observations from 89 air-warming experiments in the Northern Hemisphere and characterized the general effects of temperature increase on permafrost C exchange and balance, biomass production, microbial biomass, soil nutrients, and vegetation N dynamics via a meta-analysis. Also, an investigation was made on how responses may change with habitat-specific (e.g., plant functional groups and soil moisture status) conditions and warming variables (e.g., warming phases, levels, and timing). Warming downregulated net ecosystem C exchange generally via stimulating ecosystem respiration (15.6%) more than photosynthesis (6.2%). Vegetation usually responded to warming by investing more the C to the belowground, as belowground biomass increased much more (30.1%) than aboveground biomass (2.9%). Warming had a minor effect on microbial biomass. Warming increased soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations. What's more, a synthesis of 70 observations from 11 herbs and 9 shrubs revealed a 2.5% decline of N in green leaves. Compared to herbs, shrubs demonstrated a stronger response in respiration and had green leaf N declined by a greater extent. Not only in dry conditions did green leaf N decline with warming but also in wet conditions. Warming in non-growing seasons would negatively affect soil water, C uptake, and biomass production during growing seasons. Permafrost C loss and vegetation N decline may increase with warming levels and timing. Overall, our findings suggest that besides a positive C cycling-climate feedback, there will be negative feedback between permafrost nutrient cycling and climate warming.</p>
Dominance of contrasting fungal functional groups influence nutrient cycling across four Japanese cool-temperate forest soils - Data repository
<p>Soil data related to the publication <strong>Dominance of contrasting fungal functional groups influence nutrient cycling across four Japanese cool-temperate forest soils.</strong></p>
Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers
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Fire decreases soil enzyme activities and reorganizes microbially-mediated nutrient cycles: a meta-analysis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Species of fast bulk-soil nutrient cycling have lower rhizosphere effects: A nutrient spectrum of rhizosphere effects
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Data from: Simplification of shade tree diversity reduces nutrient cycling resilience in coffee agroforestry
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Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
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Plant community legacy effects on nutrient cycling, fungal decomposer communities and decomposition in a temperate grassland
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Data & Analysis for: Soil microbiome sequencing reveals pathogen accumulation and nutrient cycle changes, but not mycorrhizal suppression in naturally occurring invasion of garlic mustard
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.