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49 results for “oligotrophication”
Evolution of the oligotrophic West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pliocene
<p>We present a new data set from the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean exploring the timing of the closing of the Indonesian seaway and its consequent effect on sea surface circulation, productivity and Walker Circulation.</p>
Biological productivity and community structure of phytoplankton in the oligotrophic Philippine Sea
<p>In the Philippine Sea, mesoscale eddies have been frequently observed, but little is known about their contributions to the biological productivity and community structure of phytoplankton in the region. In situ carbon and nitrogen uptake rates and phytoplankton community structure were investigated in the Philippine Sea based on the 13C-15N dual-tracer technique and photosynthetic pigment analysis from late August to September 2018. Based on the comparison of the phytoplankton community structure among the cold eddy, warm eddy, and outer area, we found that the phytoplankton composition was different in the warm eddy with relatively lower contributions of large phytoplankton. However, a distinct enhancement in phytoplankton biomass over the euphotic zone was not detected even in eddy occurrence. In terms of community, the picoplankton Prochlorococcus was persistently dominant, which was attributed to a low supply and chemical composition of nutrients. The average integrated primary productions (IPP) were 80.4, 75.9, and 76.3 mg C m−2 d−1 for the cold eddy, warm eddy, and outer area, respectively. The IPP under the eddy condition was not largely different from that in reference sites, even though the vertical distribution of productivity maximum was found to be different depending on eddy condition. These weak biological responses to mesoscale eddies might be attributed to the sustaining picoplankton-dominant community structure and no substantial upward inputs of nutrients to the euphotic zone. Our findings represent an important contribution to understanding the biological response of mesoscale eddies in the oligotrophic Philippine Sea.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Schallenberg LA, Thomson-Laing G, Kelly D, Pearman JK, Howarth JD, Vandergoes MJ, Puddick J, Fitzsimons S, Rees A, Wood SA (2023) Insights into the ecological impact of trout introduction in an oligotrophic lake using sedimentary environmental DNA. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e111467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.111467
Supplementary data 2
Supplementary material 1 from: Schallenberg LA, Thomson-Laing G, Kelly D, Pearman JK, Howarth JD, Vandergoes MJ, Puddick J, Fitzsimons S, Rees A, Wood SA (2023) Insights into the ecological impact of trout introduction in an oligotrophic lake using sedimentary environmental DNA. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 7: e111467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.7.111467
Supplementary data 1
Supplementary material 9 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Table S4
Supplementary material 3 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Figure S3
Supplementary material 8 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Table S3
Supplementary material 5 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Figure S5
Supplementary material 6 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Table S1
Supplementary material 1 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Figure S1
Supplementary material 7 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Table S2
Supplementary material 2 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Figure S2
Supplementary material 4 from: Pearman JK, Casas L, Michell C, Aldanondo N, Mojib N, Holtermann K, Georgakakis I, Curdia J, Carvalho S, Gusti A, Irigoien X (2022) Comparative metagenomics of phytoplankton blooms after nutrient enrichment of oligotrophic marine waters. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e79208. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.79208
Figure S4
Extreme droughts in oligotrophic mountain grasslands cause substantial species abundance changes and amplify community filtering
<p>Questions<br> Mountain grasslands can be strongly affected by extreme droughts such as those related to climate change. What are the impacts of extreme droughts on community composition, diversity, Ellenberg indicator scores and species groups in oligotrophic montane Nardus grasslands, and what are the associated mechanisms of vegetation change?<br> Location<br> Rhön Mountains, Germany<br> Methods<br> In three consecutive years, we investigated the effects of yearly droughts (April-August) in an experimental setup with rainout shelters. Due to the coincidence of ambient extreme dry conditions in those years and our artificial rainfall reduction, we evaluated the contribution to community change of ambient drought conditions and the treatments. We analysed community composition changes by applying redundancy analysis to species differences in comparison with the pre-treatment year, and used mixed-effects models to test for changes in community-weighted means of Ellenberg indicator scores, sociological, and functional groups.<br> Results<br> We found significant changes in species abundances and community structures in response to drought. Evenness increased, but species richness remained rather stable over time. Ellenberg indicator scores for temperature and nitrogen increased, while the score for moisture decreased. Simultaneously, dominant species declined and subdominants increased. Changes occurred with a time lag and were largely driven by the high ambient drought level and less by the artificial treatments.<br> Conclusions<br> Our results show that drought-related community composition changes in Nardus grasslands occur across community structures, characteristic species, and species groups. The post-drought recovery of the community is shaped by community filters, which particularly allow subdominants to take advantage of newly available niches in the matrix, even if they lack strong drought tolerance. Our findings indicate a certain resilience of the community to climate-change-related droughts, which suggests that the observed changes should not lead to an accelerated short-term decline of these grasslands, but that this cannot be excluded in the long term.<br> </p>
Warming and CO2 effects under oligotrophication on temperate phytoplankton communities
<p>Eutrophication, global warming, and rising carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) levels are the three most prevalent pressures impacting the biosphere. Despite their individual effects are well-known, it remains untested how oligotrophication (i.e. nutrients reduction) can alter the planktonic community responses to warming and elevated CO<sub>2</sub> levels. Here, we performed an indoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the warming × CO<sub>2</sub> interaction under a nutrient reduction scenario (40%) mediated by an in-lake management strategy (i.e. addition of a commercial solid-phase phosphorus sorbent -Phoslock®) on a natural freshwater plankton community. Biomass production increased under warming × CO<sub>2</sub> relative to present-day conditions; however, a Phoslock®-mediated oligotrophication reduced such values by 30–70%. Conversely, the warming × CO<sub>2</sub> × oligotrophication interaction stimulated the photosynthesis by 20% compared to ambient nutrient conditions, and matched with higher resource use efficiency (RUE) and nutrient demand. Surprisingly, at a group level, we found that the multi-stressors scenario increased the photosynthesis in eukaryotes by 25%, but greatly impaired in cyanobacteria (ca. −25%). This higher cyanobacterial sensitivity was coupled with a reduced light harvesting efficiency and compensation point. Since Phoslock®-induced oligotrophication unmasked a strong negative warming × CO<sub>2</sub> effect on cyanobacteria, it becomes crucial to understand how the interplay between climate change and nutrient abatement actions may alter the, ecosystems functioning. With an integrative understanding of these processes, policy makers will design more appropriate management strategies to improve the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems without compromising their ecological attributes and functioning.</p>
A brain and a head for a different habitat: size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake
<p>Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus </i>(L.)), has likely radiated within 9700 years after deglaciation into ecologically and genetically segregated Piscivore, Planktivore, Dwarf and Abyssal morphs in the pelagial, littoral, shallow-moderate profundal and deep-profundal habitats. We compared trait variation in the head shape, the eye and olfactory organs, as well as the volumes of five brain regions of these four Arctic charr morphs. We hypothesised that specific habitat characteristics have promoted divergent body, head and brain sizes related to utilized depth differing in environmental constraints (e.g. light, oxygen, pressure, temperature and food quality). The most important ecomorphological variables differentiating morphs were body length, habitat, optic tectum and eye area. The Abyssal morph living in the deepest areas of the lake had the smallest brain region volumes, head and eye size. Comparing the olfactory bulb with the optic tectum in size, it was larger in the Abyssal morph than in the Piscivore morph. The Piscivore and Planktivore morphs that use more illuminated habitats have the largest optic tectum volume, followed by the Dwarf. The observed differences in body size and sensory capacities in terms of vision and olfaction in shallow and deep-water morphs likely relates to foraging and mating habitats in Lake Tinnsjøen. Further seasonal and experimental studies of brain volume in polymorphic species are needed to test the role of plasticity and adaptive evolution behind the observed differences.</p>
Fig. 1 in Water level influences on body condition of Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Brazilian oligotrophic reservoir
Fig. 1. Means and standard errors (vertical lines) for condition (K) by sex and size classes for Geophagus brasiliensis in the Lajes Reservoir. Between-sex significant differences: * p <0.05; ** p <0.01.
Fig. 4 in Water level influences on body condition of Geophagus brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Brazilian oligotrophic reservoir
Fig. 4. Means and standard errors (vertical lines) for gonadosomatic index (GSI) by sex and water level periods for Geophagus brasiliensis in the Lajes Reservoir. Distinct letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences at 95% level of confidence.
Supplementary material 1 from: Tájek P, Tenčík A, Konvička M, John V (2023) Vegetation changes at oligotrophic grasslands managed for a declining butterfly. Nature Conservation 52: 23-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.52.90452
Ordination scores from the indirect DCA analysis species
A brain and a head for a different habitat: size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake
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