Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
98
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
98 results for “omnivore”
FIGURE 2 in A New Family of Large Omnivorous Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from the Late Eocene of the Fayum Depression, Egypt, with Comments on Use of the Name "Eochiroptera"
FIGURE 2. Fayum stratigraphic sequence and the distribution of bat taxa from quarries BQ-2, L-41, and I.
FIGURE 1 in A New Family of Large Omnivorous Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from the Late Eocene of the Fayum Depression, Egypt, with Comments on Use of the Name "Eochiroptera"
FIGURE 1. Maps showing the location of the Fayum Depression in Egypt (left and the geographic position of the BQ-2 Quarry (right) within the Birket Qarun Formation (modified from Sallam et al., 2011).
FIGURE 6 in A New Family of Large Omnivorous Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from the Late Eocene of the Fayum Depression, Egypt, with Comments on Use of the Name "Eochiroptera"
FIGURE 6. Bivariate plot of length vs. width of M2 in selected large extant and extinct bats with tribosphenic dentitions (see table 3 for body mass in living taxa). Extant bats include: 1, Saccolaimus peli (Emballonuridae); 2, Taphozous nudiventris (Emballonuridae); 3, Hipposideros commersoni (Hipposideridae); 4, Eumops dabbenei (Molossidae); 5, Hesperoptenus tickelli (Vespertilionidae); 6, Artibeus fimbriatus (Phyllostomidae); 7, Myotis (Vespertilionidae); 8, Vampyrum spectrum (Phyllostomidae); 9, Phyllostomus hastatus (Phyllostomidae); 10, Megaderma lyra (Megadermatidae); 11, Eumops perotis (Molossidae); 12, Macroderma gigas (Megadermatidae).
Impacts of an omnivorous ungulate on plant communities and soil organic carbon
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Linking anatomical and histological traits of the digestive tract to resource consumption and assimilation of omnivorous tetra fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fitness in an omnivorous insect
Nutrition is the single most important factor for individual's growth and reproduction. Consequently, the inability to reach the nutritional optimum imposes severe consequences for animal fitness. Yet, under natural conditions organisms may face a mixture of stressors that can modulate the effects of nutritional asymmetry. For instance, stressful environments caused by intense interaction with conspecifics. Here, we subjected the house-cricket Acheta domesticus to i) either of two types of diet that have proven to affect cricket performance and ii) simultaneously manipulated their social environment throughout their complete lifecycle. We aimed to track sex-specific consequences for multiple traits during insect development throughout all life stages. Both factors affected critical life-history traits with potential population-level consequences: Diet composition induced strong effects on insect development time, lifespan and fitness, whilst the social environment affected the number of nymphs that completed development, food consumption and whole-body lipid content. Additionally, both factors interactively determined female body mass. Our results highlight that insects may acquire and invest resources in a different manner when subjected to an intense interaction with conspecifics or when isolated. Furthermore, while only diet composition affected individual reproductive output, the social environment would determine the number of reproductive females, thus indirectly influencing population performance.
Data from: Toward a geography of omnivory: omnivores increase carnivory when sodium is limiting
1. Toward understanding the geography of omnivory, we tested three hypotheses that predict the proportion of animal tissue consumed: The Sodium Limitation Hypothesis predicts that omnivores increase animal consumption in Na-poor environments because Na bioaccumulates from plants to predators; thus, heterotrophs are Na-rich sources. The Nitrogen Limitation and Habitat Productivity Hypotheses use the same logic to predict more animal consumption in N-poor and productive environments respectively. 2. Omnivory is a common trophic strategy, but what determines the balance of plant and animal tissue omnivores consume is relatively unexplored. Most of what we know comes from single populations at local scales. Here we quantitatively test these three hypotheses at a large geographic scale and across 20 species of omnivorous ants. 3. We tested each hypothesis using N stable isotopes (δ 15 N) to quantify the degree of carnivory in ant populations in 20 forests that span 12° latitude from Georgia to Maine, USA. We used the difference in δ 15 N between 20 ant conspecifics in 10 genera between two paired forests (10 pairs of 20 forests) that consisted of a coastal and inland forests on the same latitude to determine if the proportion of animal tissue consumed could be predicted based on Na, N or NPP. 4. Sodium gradients accounted for 18% of the variation in δ 15 N, 45% if one outlier ant species was omitted. In contrast, the Nitrogen Limitation and Habitat Productivity Hypotheses, which predict more animal consumption in N-poor and more productive environments respectively, failed to vary with δ 15 N. 5. Our results reveal a geography of omnivory driven in part by access to Na.
Artificial selection for predatory behavior results in dietary niche differentiation in an omnivorous mammal
<p>The diet of an individual is a result of the availability of dietary items and the individual's foraging skills and preferences. Behavioral differences may thus influence diet variation, but the evolvability of diet choice through behavioral evolution has not been studied. We used experimental evolution combined with a field enclosure experiment to test whether behavioral selection leads to dietary divergence. We analysed the individual dietary niche via stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) in the hair of an omnivorous mammal, bank vole, from 4 lines selected for predatory behavior and 4 unselected control lines. Predatory voles had higher hair δ15N values than control voles, supporting our hypothesis that predatory voles would consume a higher trophic level diet (more animal vs. plant foods). This difference was significant in the early but not the late summer season. The δ13C values also indicated a seasonal change in the consumed plant matter and a difference in food sources among selection lines in the early summer. These results imply that environmental factors interact with evolved behavioral tendencies to determine dietary niche heterogeneity. Behavioral selection thus has potential to contribute to the evolution of diet choice and ultimately the species' ecological niche breadth.</p>
Supplementing a grain diet with insects instead of fruits sustains the body condition of an omnivorous bird
<p>Omnivores utilize dietary sources that differ in nutrients, hence dietary limitations due to environmental change or habitat alteration could cause nutrient limitations, and thus deterioration of body condition if omnivory is obligate. We investigated how the body condition of the omnivorous Village Weaver <em>Ploceus cucullatus</em>, which forages predominantly on grains, responds to the supplementation of its grain diet with insects instead of fruits. Forty wild‐caught weavers held in aviaries were fed a combination of grains and fruits, or grains and insects ad libitum for 8 weeks. We determined diet preference by recording the number of birds on each diet option per minute for 1 h and the amount of food left over after 3 hours of foraging. Fortnightly, we assessed indices of body condition including body mass, pectoral muscle, and fat scores, packed cell volume (PCV), and hemoglobin concentration (HBC). We modeled the number of foragers, food left over, and body condition indices as functions of diet while accounting for time (weeks) and sex effects. Grains were the preferred diet, but males ate more fruits and insects than females. Weavers fed on grains and fruits lost body and pectoral muscle mass and accumulated less fat than those fed on grains and insects. This effect was sex‐dependent: females supplemented with fruits lost more pectoral muscle mass than males of the same group and males but not females, supplemented with insects accumulated more fat reserve than those supplemented with fruits. PCV and HBC did not differ between diets but increased over the 8 weeks. Village Weavers are likely obligate rather than facultative omnivores, with insects being a more nutritive supplement than fruits. Nutrient limitations arising from environmental change or habitat alteration could impair body condition and affect physiological function to environmental seasonality in obligate omnivores like the weavers.</p>
Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation
<p>Human activities shape resources available to wild animals, impacting diet and likely altering their microbiota and overall health. We examined drivers shaping microbiota profiles of common cranes (Grus grus) in agricultural habitats by comparing gut microbiota and crane movement patterns (GPS-tracking) over three periods of their migratory cycle, and by analyzing the effect of artificially-supplemented food provided as part of a crane-agriculture management program. We sampled fecal droppings in Russia (non-supplemented, pre-migration) and in Israel in late fall (non-supplemented, post-migration) and winter (supplemented and non-supplemented, wintering). As supplemented food is typically homogenous, we predicted lower microbiota diversity and different composition in birds relying on supplementary feeding. We did not observe changes in microbial diversity with food supplementation, as diversity differed only in samples from non-supplemented wintering sites. However, both food supplementation and season affected bacterial community composition and led to increased abundance of specific genera (mostly Firmicutes). Cranes from the non-supplemented groups spent most of their time in agricultural fields, likely feeding on residual grain when available, while food-supplemented cranes spent most of their time at the feeding station. Thus, non-supplemented and food-supplemented diets likely diverge only in winter, when crop rotation and depletion of anthropogenic resources may lead to a more variable diet in non-supplemented sites. Our results support the role of diet in structuring bacterial communities and show that they undergo both seasonal and human-induced shifts. Movement analyses provide important clues regarding host diet and behavior towards understanding how human-induced changes shape the gut microbiota in wild animals.</p>
An omnivore vigor hypothesis? Nutrient availability strengthens herbivore suppression by omnivores across 48 field sites
<ol> <li>Nutrients regulate herbivore growth from the 'bottom-up' via improved plant vigor and food quality. Nitrogen also affects 'top-down' control of herbivores by moderating attraction of predators and the rates at which they consume herbivorous prey.</li> <li>Tri-trophic consequences of nitrogen availability are more challenging to predict among omnivorous natural enemies who feed on both plants and herbivores, limiting our ability to predict net outcomes of nutrient availability in food webs.</li> <li>In a two-year field survey of insects on zucchini host plants at 48 sites, I predicted that both herbivores and foliar-feeding omnivores would increase with nutrient availability, while predators would not.</li> <li>My results revealed positive relationships between omnivores and foliar nitrogen concentrations, while predators had neutral responses to foliar N. Surprisingly, herbivores declined with increasing foliar N across the field sites.</li> <li>Greenhouse experiments reinforced these patterns, as herbivore growth inversely correlated with soil N concentrations in communities that included foliar-feeding omnivores. Conversely, herbivore growth was uncorrelated with soil N on plants with generalist predators, nor on predator-free plants.</li> <li>These results suggest that omnivores mount strong and consistent responses to nitrogen in plant tissues in a variety of ecological contexts. In environments where omnivorous arthropods can thrive, their recruitment to nitrogen-rich plants may increase predation and thereby counterbalance and stabilize 'bottom-up' increases in herbivore performance supported by enhanced foliar nutrition.</li> </ol>
What is a mammalian omnivore? Insights into terrestrial mammalian diet diversity, body mass, and evolution
<p>Mammalian omnivores are a broad and diverse group of mammals that are often lumped together in ecological studies. As a result, there are open questions about what macroevolutionary and macroecological information can be gained when omnivorous dietary differences are investigated in ecological and phylogenetic comparative studies. In this study, we investigate the frequency at which vertebrate prey, invertebrate prey, fibrous plant material, and non-fibrous plant material co-occur in the diets of omnivorous species. We quantify the body size distributions and phylogenetic signal of terrestrial mammals that consume different omnivorous diets and using multistate reversible jump MCMC, we assess the transition rates between mammalian diet strategies on the mammalian phylogenetic tree. We find that omnivores that consume all four food types are rare and most omnivorous mammals consume only invertebrate prey and non-fibrous plants. We also find that omnivores that only consume invertebrate prey are on average smaller than omnivores that incorporate vertebrate prey as many are from within Rodentia. Our transition rate models show that there are high transition rates from invertivorous omnivory to herbivory, and from vertebrate predation to prey mixing and ultimately invertivory. Our results suggest that prey type is an important aspect of omnivore macroevolution and macroecology, as it is correlated with body mass, evolutionary history, and diet-related evolutionary transition rates.</p>
Data from: A test of the green wave hypothesis in omnivorous brown bears across North America
<p>Herbivorous animals tend to seek out plants at intermediate phenological states to improve energy intake while minimizing consumption of fibrous material. In some ecosystems, the timing of green-up is heterogeneous and propagates across space in a wave-like pattern, known as the green wave. Tracking the green wave allows individuals to prolong access to higher-quality forage. While there is a plethora of empirical support for such behavior in herbivorous taxa, the green wave hypothesis (GWH) is nuanced based on factors such as body morphometrics and digestive capacity. Furthermore, little is known about whether other taxa, such as omnivores, track the green wave. Our objective was to assess whether the GWH can be extended to explain the movements of omnivores. Using GPS collar data from seven populations (n = 127 individuals) of brown bears (<em>Ursus</em> <em>arctos</em>) across their entire North American range, we first tested whether bears tracked the green wave. Using conditional resource selection functions, we found that variation in proxies of vegetative forage quality better-explained movement and habitat selection than proxies of forage biomass in over half of the bears in our study, providing evidence of green wave tracking. Second, we assess factors that explained variation in green wave tracking using linear mixed-effects models. Green wave tracking in brown bears was explained by the variation in availability of green-up within spring home ranges, and how green-up transitioned across those home ranges. Our results demonstrate that the GWH can partially explain movement of a non-migratory omnivorous species, extending the generality of the GWH as a broad predictor of animal space use. The green wave is another resource wave brown bears track, and our findings help predict brown bear space use, which can be used to guide conservation and habitat restoration efforts.</p>
Omnivore diet composition effects on parasite load and host weight
<p>Diet composition modulates animals' ability to resist parasites and recover from stress. Broader diet breadths enable omnivores to mount dynamic responses to parasite attack, but little is known about how plant/prey mixing might influence responses to infection.</p> <p>Using omnivorous deer mice (<em><span>Peromyscus</span> maniculatus</em>) as a model, we examine how varying plant and prey concentrations in blended diets influence resistance and body condition following infestation by Rocky Mountain wood ticks (<em><span>Dermacentor</span> andersoni</em>).</p> <p>In two repeated experiments, deer mice fed for four weeks on controlled diets that varied in proportions of seeds and insects, were then challenged with 50 tick larvae in two sequential infestations.</p> <p>The numbers of ticks successfully feeding on mice declined by 25% and 66% after the first infestation (in the first and second experiments, respectively), reflecting a pattern of acquired resistance, and resistance was strongest when plant/prey ratios were more equally balanced in mouse diets, relative to seed-dominated diets.</p> <p>Diet also dramatically impacted the capacity of mice to cope with tick infestations. Mice fed insect-rich diets lost 15% of their body weight when parasitized by ticks, while mice fed seed-rich diets lost no weight at all.</p> <p>While mounting/maintaining an immune response may be energetically demanding, mice may compensate for parasitism with fat and carbohydrate-rich diets.</p> <p>Altogether, these results suggest that a diverse nutritional landscape may be key in enabling omnivores' resistance and resilience to infection and immune stressors in their environments.</p>
Study of Optimized Management of Nivolumab Based on Response in Patients With Advanced RCC (OMNIVORE Study)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03203473. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Influence of warming on the functional responses of invasive omnivores, Procambarus crayfishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Toward a geography of omnivory: omnivores increase carnivory when sodium is limiting
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
An omnivore vigor hypothesis? Nutrient availability strengthens herbivore suppression by omnivores across 48 field sites
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Artificial selection for predatory behavior results in dietary niche differentiation in an omnivorous mammal
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.