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FIGURE 10 in Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy

FIGURE 10. Brachials of Metacrinus berthei from the Palais des Papes in Avignon (MHNL 20.062717). A–C: IBr1, A–B: distal facet, A: close up of marginal symplexial crenumarium, C: proximal muscular facet; D–E: IBr2, D: oblique distal view showing large pinnule socket (p), E: oblique proximal view showing synostosial facet; F: proximal IIIBr, distal muscular facet; G: IBr4, distal facet with growth lines marked by syzygial stereom; H: IBrax; I: free proximal IIBr, proximal facet; J: IBr5, proximal facet; K: free IBr3, distal facet; L: free IIIBr. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy

FIGURE 6. Variation in quantitative characters of Metacrinus berthei columnals in the main sites studied. N: number of measures, horizontal bar: variation range, vertical bar: mean, in red: nodals, in green: internodals.

FIGURE 13 in Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy

FIGURE 13. Variations in columnal general shape of Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. from the Palais des Papes in Avignon. See Fig. 2G–H for abbreviations. Values in mm, except for ratios.

FIGURE 5 in Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy

FIGURE 5. Variation in the general shape and size of isocrinid columnals of the two main isocrinid species from the different sites in the Rhône-Provence Bay. Entr.: Entrechaux, IN: internodals, N: nodals. The envelopes of points corresponding to the sites Picabrier and Avignon (Palais des Papes) are only figured (see Figs. 3 and 4), except for E. gastaldii from Avignon. Values in mm, except for ratios H/D.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 5. Antlers of Euprox grandis sp. nov. (V 20081.1-2) a, V 20081.1, left antler, anterior view; b, V 20081.2, right antler, posterior view; scale bar equals 5 cm.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships of Euprox within Muntiacinae and relevant taxa (Lucentia excluded). Most parsimony tree (L = 47; CI = 0.787; RI = 0.767) with nodes numbers. Bootstrap value figure in brackets under the clade.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 2. Skull of Euprox grandis sp. nov. (V 20080.1, holotype). a, dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, ventral view; scale bar equals 5 cm; the dash line shows the orientation of the pedicle ridge.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships of Euprox within Muntiacinae and relevant taxa. a, b, synapomorphies for most parsimony tree 0 and tree 1; c, strict consensus tree (L = 54; CI = 0.722; RI = 0.700) with nodes numbered. Bootstrap value figure in brackets under the clade.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 3. Occipital view of the skull of Euprox grandis sp. nov. (V 20080.1, holotype). Scale bar equals 5 cm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment

FIGURE 4. Antlers of Euprox grandis sp. nov. (V 20080.2-3, holotype) a, V 20080.2, left antler, anterior view; b, V 20080.2, left antler, medial view; c, V 20080.3, right antler, posterior view; scale bar equals 5 cm.

Figure 2 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 2. Plan of Raqefet Cave (a) provenance of the faunal samples, with the different contexts presented in this study labelled in red (b).

Figure 10 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 10. Reconstructed Mean annual precipitation (mm) and temperature for the herpetofauna species identified in Raqefet cave (a, b), Late Natufian EWT (c, d) and for the micro-mammals of Raqefet Cave Locus 1 (e, f). Climatic data from Danin and Orshan (1990). The vertical red line represents the mean annual precipitation and temperature of Ein Hashofet meteorological station for Raqefet and Ein Carmel meteorological station for EWT.

Figure 9 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 9. Results of Principal Components Analysis (components 1 and 2) of the proportional weighted habitat types of the Raqefet Cave herpetofauna assemblages (blue), LN EWT herpetofauna assemblages (red), micro-mammals of Raqefet Cave (green) and modern Mount Carmel herpetofauna (Orange). The most influential habitat types are marked, based on the loading plots (Supplementary Figures 3-4).

Figure 5 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 5. Anura and lizard bones from Raqefet Cave. Bufotes viridis sl (a) presacral vertebra, from left to right, dorsal, anterior and posterior views; Stellagama cf. stellio (b) left maxilla, medial and lateral views; (c) right dentary, medial and lateral views; (d) trunk vertebra, dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Eumeces schneiderii (e) right dentary, medial and lateral views; (f) trunk vertebrae, dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Pseudopus apodus (g) left maxilla, medial and lateral views (h) left dentary, medial and lateral views; (i) trunk vertebra, dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views.

Figure 1 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 1. (a) Location map (satellite image) showing the studied area; (b) Topographic map of the studied area, Mount Carmel and its surrounding. Meteorological stations marked by +.

Figure 4 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 4. Composite phytogeographical map of Israel, with the location of Raqefet Cave marked by a white X. Ecological units are shown in colour (Data from Israel Nature and Parks Authority; see map legend). Geographic zones after Danin and Orshan (1990): (a) Coastal Galilee. (b) Acco Plain. (c) Carmel Coast. (d) Sharon Plain. (e) Philistine Plain. (f) Upper Galilee. (g) Lower Galilee. (h) Mount Carmel. (i) Esdraelon Plain. (j) Samaria. (k) Shefela. (l) Judean Mountains. (m) Northern Negev. (n) Western Negev. (o) Negev Highlands. (p) Southern Negev. (q) Hula Plain. (r) Upper Jordan Valley. (s) Beit Shean Valley. (t) Mt. Gilboa. (u) Samarian Desert. (v) Judean Desert. (w) Lower Jordan Valley. (x) Dead Sea Valley. (y) Arava Valley. (z) Mount Hermon. (aa) Golan.

Figure 8 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 8. Habitat weighting analysis for the different contexts of Raqefet Cave herpetofauna (a–d); the Late Natufian of EWT (e); Mount Carmel modern herpetofauna (f); Raqefet Locus 1 micro-mammals (g); the x axis denotes the ecological units, see colour legend; the y axis marks the habitat index values. For location of the different habitats in Israel today see.Figure 4

Figure 7 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 7. Intra- and inter-site comparisons between Raqefet Cave (RAQ, shaded) and EWT contexts. The supposed 'least anthropogenic̍ archaeological context in each site is denoted by arrows: (a) taxonomic evenness (Simpson̍s index), data from Table 1; (b) centrum length of the vertebrae (reflecting animal body size); (c) the protruding part index (measuring bone fragmentation).

Figure 6 in Squamates and amphibians from the Natufian cemetery of Raqefet Cave, Israel: taphonomy, paleoenvironments and paleoclimate

Figure 6. Snake bones from Raqefet Cave. Eryx jaculus (a) trunk vertebra, dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Hemorrhois nummifer (b) trunk vertebra, dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Dolichophis jugularis (c) trunk vertebra dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Malpolon insignitus (d) trunk vertebra dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views; Daboia cf. palaestinae (e) vertebra dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views.