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294 results for “paradigms”
Figure 4 in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure
Figure 4. On the left, computer-generated walks through a multi-task landscape requiring adaptation simultaneously for light interception, mechanical stability and reproductive success. On the right, some of the optimal compromise morphologies generated by different walks (from Niklas, 1995).
Figure 1. A in The origin of mammalian endothermy: a paradigm for the evolution of complex biological structure
Figure 1. A, reconstruction of the skeleton of the therocephalian therapsid Regisaurus in lateral and dorsal views (from Kemp, 1986). B, internal view of the nasal cavity of the therocephalian Glanosuchus (from Hillenius, 1994). Abbreviations: etht?, possible ethmo-turbinal ridge; mxt?, possible maxillo-turbinal ridge; nt?, possible naso-turbinal ridge.
Data set. Testing Protest Paradigm in Femicide Protests in Mexican Press
<p>his Data set consist of the coding of 865 articles from national Mexican newspapers, from El Universal, Reforma, and Excélsior. It is corresponding to research that analyzes the representation of the protests against femicide in the Mexican press, and the opportunities reached by the social movement in the public discourse. Previous studies found a tendency for negative representations of social movements in the media in the so-called ‘protest paradigm’, this means that the attention obtained does not necessarily guarantee the reproduction of the movement’s discourse. We use the paradigm approach and test the degree of adherence. It registered media attention to the femicide issue for a period of 41 months in three national newspapers. The corpus was examined by using the qualitative content analysis technique, with variables that measure the stories’ emphasis, prominence, legitimation, and tone for social movements and authorities, to compare the two actors.</p>
A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster - DATASET 1 of 2
<p>Dataset associated with "A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in <em>Drosophila </em><em>melanogaster" </em>by Jones et al "A reductionist paradigm for high-throughput behavioural fingerprinting in Drosophila melanogaster". </p> <p>See http://lab.gilest.ro/coccinella for more information</p> <p>This is archive 1 of 2</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset of the visual EEG oddball paradigm with young and older age group
<p>The data accompanies the research described in yet unpublished paper: "On the influence of aging on classification performance in the visual EEG oddball paradigm using statistical and temporal features" by Omejc, N., Peskar, M., Miladinović, A., Kavcic, V., Džeroski, S., Marusic, U.</p> <p>The package includes raw data, that were measured by 32-channel EEG set and stored as hpf5 file, preprocessed data. that were preprocessed using custom scripts that utilize EEGLAB and its plugins, and data that was at the end used in the classification task and includes two types of datasets, one with temporal features and another with ERP statistical features, as in more detail described in the paper. Additionally, the package includes locations of 32 channels on the head, the event mappings for both the older and the younger group, as well as some general information about the subjects.</p>
Celluloepidemiology: a novel paradigm for quantifying infectious disease dynamics through T-cell modelling on a population level
<p>T-cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq) was performed on enriched CD8+ T-cells. TCR clonotype annotation was performed using MiXCR v.3.0.13 with the default input parameters.</p> <p>Full origin and method description available in:<br>Celluloepidemiology: a novel paradigm for quantifying infectious disease dynamics through T-cell modelling on a population level</p>
Paradigm uniformity effects on French liaison
<p>This project includes the supplementary files accompanying the paper "Paradigm uniformity effects on French liaison" : </p> <ul> <li>study1b-data.csv: this file contains the dataset collected in Study 1. The variables are described in study1b-rscript.R</li> <li>study1b-rscript.R: R script that was used to produce the figure in Study 1 and the corresponding statistical analysis</li> <li>study2-data.csv: this file contains the dataset collected in Study 2 (2021). The variables are described in study2-rscript.R</li> <li>study2-rscript.R: R script that was used to produce the figures in Study 2 and the corresponding statistical analysis. </li> <li>check-study2-data.csv: this file contains the dataset that was used to evaluate the reliability of the coding in Study 2. A subset of the sound files used in Study 2 (50 /ti/ sequences) were annotated again by the author two years after the annotation. The first annotation was made in February-March 2021 and the second one in May 2023. </li> <li>study2-reliability-study.R: R script that was used to test the reliability of the annotations in Study 2</li> <li>prosodic-ambiguity-final-2.txt (tab-delimited text file): this file contains the constraint-based analysis of Encrevé's (1988) data on liaison enchaînée and liaison non-enchaînée. The file can be run with OT-Soft 2.5 (https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/otsoft/OTSoftManual_2.5_April_2021.pdf). </li> <li>phonetic-ambiguity-final-2.txt (tab-delimited text file): this file contains the constraint-based analysis of Côté's (2014) data on affrication of stable word-final consonants, stable word-initial initial, and liaison consonants. The file can be run with OT-Soft 2.5.</li> <li>COGETO-prosodic-ambiguity.zip: this folder contains the input file and output files of the CoGeTo analysis of the case study on prosodic ambiguity (see prosodic-ambiguity-final-2.txt). CoGeTo is a software developed by Giorgio Magri and Arto Anttila to explore the typological predictions of constraint-based grammars (https://cogeto.stanford.edu/home).</li> <li>COGETO-phonetic-ambiguity.zip: this folder contains the input file and output files of the CoGeTo analysis of the case study on prosodic ambiguity (see phonetic-ambiguity-final-2.txt). </li> </ul> <p>Files linked to the first version of the paper can also be found here (the first version of the paper is available on lingbuzz: https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/006457): </p> <ul> <li>prosodic-ambiguity.txt (tab-delimited text file): this file contains the constraint-based analysis of Encrevé's (1988) data on liaison enchaînée and liaison non-enchaînée. The file can be run with OT-Soft 2.5 (https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/otsoft/OTSoftManual_2.5_April_2021.pdf). </li> <li>phonetic-ambiguity.txt (tab-delimited text file): this file contains the constraint-based analysis of Côté's (2014) data on affrication of stable word-final consonants, stable word-initial initial, and liaison consonants. The file can be run with OT-Soft 2.5.</li> <li>study1-data.csv: this file contains the dataset collected in Study 1 (first version). The variables are described in study1-rscript.R</li> <li>study1-rscript.R: R script that was used to produce the figures in Study 1 (first version) and the corresponding statistical analysis. </li> </ul>
Figure 2 in Revisiting the ideas of trees as templates and the competition paradigm in pairwise analyses of ground-dwelling ant species occurrences in a tropical forest
Figure 2 Presence probabilities of ant species in each tree species only for those one involved in nonrandom pairs for the two sampling techniques and seasons. PR: pitfall,rainy season; PD: pitfall, dry season; WR: Winkler, rainy season; WD: Winkler, dry season. GG= Guarea guidonia; IE= Inga edulis; NM= Nectandra membranacea; PG= Piptadenia gonoachanta.
Paradigm Shifts in Environmental Policies: The Role of Digital Communication and Knowledge Exchange in the T20/G20 Transnational Policy Community
<p>Discussion:<br> Do you see paradigm shifts in environmental policies in Indonesia?<br> Can transnational research based policy advice, as performed by the T20, be an incubator for paradigm shifts?<br> What role does/could/should digital knowledge exchange play?</p>
Data from: The comparative biogeography of Philippine geckos challenges predictions from a paradigm of climate-driven vicariant diversification across an island archipelago
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data_Two sources of task prioritization: The interplay of effector-based and task order-based capacity allocation in the PRP paradigm
<p>Data of 'Two sources of task prioritization: The interplay of effector-based and task order-based capacity allocation in the PRP paradigm' Hoffmann, Pieczykolan, Koch, & Huestegge, comparing RT data and error rates of oculomotor, vocal, and manual responses in a PRP setting</p>
Data from "Testing models of peripheral encoding using metamerism in an oddity paradigm"
<p>Raw data and stimuli from the experiments reported in Wallis, Bethge & Wichmann (under review). "Testing models of peripheral encoding using metamerism in an oddity paradigm". Journal of Vision.</p> <p>For the code, see http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34218.</p> <p>Please consult the README file in the archive for detailed information on reproducing the results of the paper.</p> <p>Stimuli are modified from the "Judd" dataset (https://people.csail.mit.edu/tjudd/WherePeopleLook/index.html). The citation is </p> <p>Judd, T., Ehinger, K., Durand, F., & Torralba, A. (2009). Learning to predict where humans look. In <em>Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th international conference on</em> (pp. 2106–2113). IEEE.</p> <p>We have been granted permission to reshare these images by Tilke Judd (thanks!).</p>
The paradigm of tax-reward and tax-punishment strategies in the advancement of public resource management dynamics
<p>In contemporary society, the effective utilization of public resources remains a subject of significant concern. A common issue arises from defectors seeking to obtain an excessive share of these resources for personal gain, potentially leading to resource depletion. To mitigate this tragedy and ensure sustainable development of resources, implementing mechanisms to either reward those who adhere to distribution rules or penalize those who do not, appears advantageous. We introduce two models: a tax-reward model and a tax-punishment model, to address this issue. Our analysis reveals that in the tax-reward model, the evolutionary trajectory of the system is influenced not only by the tax revenue collected but also by the natural growth rate of the resources. Conversely, the tax-punishment model exhibits distinct characteristics when compared to the tax-reward model, notably the potential for bistability. In such scenarios, the selection of initial conditions is critical, as it can determine the system's path. Furthermore, our study identifies instances where the system lacks stable points, exemplified by a limit cycle phenomenon, underscoring the complexity and dynamism inherent in managing public resources using these models.</p>
Data from: An experimental paradigm for triggering a depressive syndrome
<p><span>Research investigating whether depression is an adaptation or a disorder has been hindered by the lack of an experimental paradigm that can test causal relationships. Moreover, studies attempting to induce the syndrome often fail to capture the suite of feelings, thoughts, and behaviours that characterize depression. An experimental paradigm for triggering depressive symptoms can improve our etiological understanding of the syndrome. The present study attempts to induce core symptoms of depression, particularly those related to rumination, in a healthy, non-clinical sample through a controlled social experiment. These symptoms are sad or depressed mood, anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and difficulty concentrating.</span><span> 134 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either an Exclusion (EX) or Inclusion (IN) group. Participants in the Exclusion group were exposed to a modified Cyberball paradigm, designed to make them feel socially excluded, followed by a dual-interference task to </span><span>assess whether their exclusion interfered with their working memory. </span><span>Excluded participants: (1) self-reported a significant increase in sadness and decrease in happiness, but not anxiety or calmness; (2) scored significantly higher in four of five variables related to depressive rumination; and (3) performed significantly worse on a dual-interference task, suggesting an impaired ability to concentrate.</span></p>
Strategic Integration of Urban Excess Heat Sources in District Heating: A Spatio-Temporal Optimization Paradigm
<p>This data repository supports the techno-economic and geospatial optimization analysis of district heating systems (DHS) in Stockholm, with a particular focus on integrating Urban Excess Heat (UEH) sources. The dataset includes both input data and results, organized by the key analytical tools employed in the study: GIS, OSeMOSYS, and the Hotmaps Dispatch Model.</p> <p>The <strong>folder structure</strong> is organized as follows:</p> <p>/Data<br>│<br>├── Input_Data/<br>│ ├── GIS/<br>│ ├── OSeMOSYS/<br>│ ├── Hotmaps_Dispatch/<br>│<br>└── Results/<br> ├── GIS/<br> │ ├── Optimized DHS network extensions for UEH sources<br> │ ├── Long-term capacity and emissions projections for DHS<br> ├── Dispatch outputs for different electricity price scenarios<br><br></p> <h2>Dataset Details</h2> <p>1. Input Data Folder: This folder includes all data used as inputs across the three primary tools:<br> - GIS: Contains geospatial data on the DHS network paths, source locations, and spatial configurations for network optimization.<br> - OSeMOSYS: Provides techno-economic parameters for heat generation technologies, including capital and operational costs, fuel price projections, and emissions factors.<br> - Hotmaps Dispatch: Includes detailed demand profiles, projected electricity prices, and the supply temperature requirements essential for dispatch simulations.</p> <p>2. Results Folder: This folder contains the results generated by each tool after processing the input data:<br> - GIS: Outputs optimized paths for network expansion and geospatial mapping of UEH sources.<br> -OSeMOSYS: Contains projections for DHS technology adoption, emissions reduction, and cost optimization over a 23-year model period.<br> - Hotmaps Dispatch: Stores dispatch model results under various electricity pricing and temperature scenarios, capturing the optimal deployment of DHS resources.</p> <h2>Summary of Tools Used</h2> <p>- GIS (Geospatial Information System): Used to locate UEH sources and map their proximity to the existing DHS network, guiding the optimization of network expansions.<br>- OSeMOSYS (Open Source Energy Modelling System): Performs long-term optimization for the DHS, factoring in the addition of UEH sources, electricity price scenarios, and emissions constraints.<br>- Hotmaps Dispatch Model: Simulates operational dispatch of heat generation technologies in response to varying electricity prices and network temperatures, providing insights into real-time heat supply optimization.</p> <p>This repository thus provides a comprehensive dataset to support the techno-economic and spatial analysis of DHS, facilitating the integration of UEH sources in urban heating systems through scenario-based optimizations.</p> <p><br><br></p>
Mouse CA1 Calcium Imaging and Behavioural Dataset in 3x3 Geometric Morph Paradigm
<p>The following dataset was collected by Dr. J. Quinn Lee, Dr. Alexandra T. Keinath, and Erica Cianfarano in the laboratory of Dr. Mark P. Brandon. All methods and details are described in the original research article reporting these data published in <em>Neuron</em>: Lee, Keinath, Cianfarano, and Brandon (2025) Identifying representational structure in CA1 to benchmark theoretical models of cognitive mapping. Any use of the following dataset must cite the original publication in Neuron. The code base to reproduce all analyses and figures can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/jquinnlee/georepca1">https://github.com/jquinnlee/georepca1</a></p> <p dir="auto">The dataset (Python joblib files or MATLAB .mat files in the zipped "data" folder) are given names of animal IDs from the original study that can be downloaded from Zenodo and contain the following fields in each file:</p> <p dir="auto">SFPs: spatial footprints (also known as ROI) for every registered cell, centered over each cell. Shape - Dimx, dimy, number of SFPs (ROIs), number of days. If cell is not registered it will be nan along dimx and dimy for a given day.</p> <p dir="auto">blocked: location of blocked (occluded) partitions in 3x3 design of environment. Location of partitions are shown in paper, but are organized in the following way – [[0, 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7, 8]]. If no partitions are blocked, value is -1.</p> <p dir="auto">centroids: centroid of spatial footprint. Shape – number of cells, x-y location, number of days.</p> <p dir="auto">envs: environment shape identified with string name</p> <p dir="auto">maps: three types of maps generated from the dataset. “sampling” is the occupancy of animal in each spatial bin, shape – xbins, ybins, number of days. “smoothed” is the event rate map smoothed with 2.5 cm gaussian kernel, shape – xbins, ybins, number of cells, number of days. “unsmoothed” is the same event rate map data without smoothing.</p> <p dir="auto">position: x-y position data for all days. List shape number of days, with shape on each day indicating x-y position in first dimension, and number of temporal bins / frames in second dimension.</p> <p dir="auto">trace: rise-extracted calcium traces, where “1” indicates a significant event. See paper for details on processing pipeline. If cell is not registered on given day, will appear as nan the same shape.</p> <p dir="auto">Precomputed results can also be downloaded in the zipped "results" folder to avoid recomputing main results from scratch using the Github code base linked above.</p>
Drought assessment has been outpaced by climate change: Empirical arguments for a paradigm shift
<p>Derived datasets produced in the analysis of "<strong>Drought assessment has been outpaced by climate change: Empirical arguments for a paradigm shift</strong>". </p>
Challenging a host-pathogen paradigm: Susceptibility to chytridiomycosis is decoupled from genetic erosion
<p>The putatively positive association between host genetic diversity and the ability to defend against pathogens has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists. Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the chytrid fungus <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> (<em>Bd</em>), has emerged in recent decades as a cause of dramatic declines and extinctions across the amphibian clade. Bd susceptibility can vary widely across populations of the same species, but the relationship between standing genetic diversity and susceptibility has remained notably underexplored so far. Here, we focus on a putatively <em>Bd</em>-naive system of two mainland and two island populations of the common toad (<em>Bufo bufo</em>) at the edge of the species' range, and use controlled infection experiments and dd-RAD sequencing of >10,000 SNPs across 95 individuals to characterise the role of host population identity, genetic variation and individual body mass in mediating host response to the pathogen. We found strong genetic differentiation between populations and marked variation in their susceptibility to Bd. This variation was not, however, governed by isolation-mediated genetic erosion, and individual heterozygosity was even found to be negatively correlated with survival. Individual survival during infection experiments was strongly positively related to body mass, which itself was unrelated to population of origin or heterozygosity. Our findings underscore the general importance of context-dependency when assessing the role of host genetic variation for the ability of defence against pathogens.</p>
Responses of a resident group to an outsider in the blue-breasted quail: a paradigm for studying social resettlement of dispersers
<p>Dispersal is an individual life history trait that can influence the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of both the source and recipient populations. Current studies of animal dispersal have paid little attention to how the responses of residents in a recipient population affect the social resettlement of dispersers into a new habitat. We addressed this question in the blue-breasted quail Synoicus chinensis by designing an outsider introduction experiment to simulate a scenario of interaction between residents and dispersers. In the experiment, we introduced an unfamiliar quail into a group of three differently ranked residents and then examined their behavioral responses to the arrival of the outsider. We found that all residents made negative responses by pecking at the outsider to maintain their pecking order, in which high-ranked residents displayed significantly greater intensity than those of lower ranks. This result highlighted that adverse behavioral responses of residents would prevent outsiders from obtaining hierarchical dominance in the recipient group. Moreover, the residents' sex ratio, their relative ages to the outsiders, and whether outsiders counter-pecked at the residents all influenced the probability of outsiders prevailing against the residents. Those outsiders that displayed counter-peck courage were more likely to gain higher dominance and hence resettle into the recipient group successfully. Our findings suggest that resident groups may impose a selection among dispersers via adverse behavioral responses. Therefore, social factors that can influence the resettlement step of dispersers in a new habitat should be accounted for in future studies of animal dispersal.</p>
fNIRS Brain Imaging in Motor Paradigms: Evidence-Based Methodological Recommendations
<p>Anonymized behavioural, physiological, motion-capture, and <em>f</em>NIRS data and associated codes supporting the analyses reported in the paper "<em>f</em>NIRS Brain Imaging in Motor Paradigms: Evidence-Based Methodological Recommendations".</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.