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99 results for “parasitic lice”
Psocodea Phylogenomic dataset from: Phylogenomics of parasitic and non-parasitic lice (Insecta: Psocodea): combining sequence data and Exploring compositional bias solutions in Next Generation Datasets
<p>This dataset includes all alignments used for the phylogenomic analysis of Psocodea. In this dataset, includes all result files of phylogenomic analyses completed. This includes maximum likelihood, astral, MCMCtree, quartet sampling, and all gene trees. Any relevant input files are included, and any materials are available upon request.</p> <p>The insect order Psocodea is a diverse lineage comprising both parasitic (Phthiraptera) and non-parasitic members (Psocoptera). The extreme age and ecological diversity of the group may be associated with major genomic changes, such as base compositional biases expected to affect phylogenetic inference. Divergent morphology between parasitic and non-parasitic members has also obscured the origins of parasitism within the order. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis on the order Psocodea utilizing both transcriptome and genome sequencing to obtain a data set of 2,370 orthologous genes. All phylogenomic analyses, including both concatenated and coalescent methods suggest a single origin of parasitism within the order Psocodea, resolving conflicting results from previous studies. This phylogeny allows us to propose a stable ordinal level classification scheme that retains significant taxonomic names present in historical scientific literature and reflects the evolution of the group as a whole. A dating analysis, with internal nodes calibrated by fossil evidence, suggests an origin of parasitism that predates the K-Pg boundary. Nucleotide compositional biases are detected in third and first codon positions and result in the anomalous placement of the Amphientometae as sister to Psocomorpha when all nucleotide sites are analyzed. Likelihood-mapping and quartet sampling methods demonstrate that base compositional biases can also have an effect on quartet-based methods.</p>
Data from: Size matters for lice on birds: coevolutionary allometry of host and parasite body size
Body size is one of the most fundamental characteristics of all organisms. It influences physiology, morphology, behavior, and even interspecific interactions such as those between parasites and their hosts. Host body size influences the magnitude and variability of parasite size according to Harrison's Rule (HR: positive relationship between host and parasite body sizes) and Poulin's Increasing Variance Hypothesis (PIVH: positive relationship between host body size and the variability of parasite body size). We analyzed parasite-host body size allometry for 581 species of avian lice (~15% of known diversity) and their hosts. We applied phylogenetic generalized least squares methods to account for phylogenetic non-independence controlling for host and parasite phylogenies separately and variance heterogeneity. We tested HR and PIVH for the major families of avian lice (Ricinidae, Menoponidae, Philopteridae), and for distinct ecological guilds within Philopteridae. Our data indicate that most families and guilds of avian lice follow both HR and PIVH; however, Ricinids did not follow PIVH and the "body lice" guild of Philopterid lice did not follow HR or PIVH. We discuss mathematical and ecological factors that may be responsible for these patterns, and we discuss the potential pervasiveness of these relationships among all parasites on Earth.
Data from: Integrating phylogenomic and population genomic patterns in avian lice provides a more complete picture of parasite evolution
Parasite diversity accounts for most of the biodiversity on earth, and is shaped by many processes (e.g. cospeciation, host-switching). To identify the effects of the processes that shape parasite diversity, it is ideal to incorporate both deep (phylogenetic) and shallow (population) perspectives. To this end, we developed a novel workflow to obtain phylogenetic and population genetic data from whole genome sequences of body lice parasitizing New World ground-doves. Phylogenies from these data showed consistent, highly resolved species-level relationships for the lice. By comparing the louse and ground-dove phylogenies, we found that over long-term evolutionary scales their phylogenies were largely congruent. Many louse lineages (both species and populations) also demonstrated high host-specificity, suggesting ground-dove divergence is a primary driver of their parasites' diversity. However, the few louse taxa that are generalists are structured according to biogeography at the population level. This suggests dispersal among sympatric hosts has some effect on body louse diversity, but over deeper time scales the parasites eventually sort according to host species. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple factors explain the patterns of diversity in this group of parasites, and that the effects of these factors can vary over different evolutionary scales. The integrative approach we employed was crucial for uncovering these patterns, and should be broadly applicable to other studies.
Data from: Biogeography and host-related factors trumps parasite life-history: limited congruence among the genetic structures of specific ectoparasitic lice and their rodent hosts
Parasites and hosts interact across both micro- and macroevolutionary scales where congruence among their phylogeographic and phylogenetic structures may be observed. Within southern Africa, the four-striped mouse genus, Rhabdomys, is parasitized by the ectoparasitic sucking louse, Polyplax arvicanthis. Molecular data recently suggested the presence of two cryptic species within P. arvicanthis that are sympatrically distributed across the distributions of four putative Rhabdomys species. We tested the hypotheses of phylogeographic congruence and cophylogeny among the two parasite lineages and the four host taxa, utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Despite the documented host-specificity of P. arvicanthis, limited phylogeographic correspondence and nonsignificant cophylogeny was observed. Instead, the parasite–host evolutionary history is characterized by limited codivergence and several duplication, sorting and host-switching events. Despite the elevated mutational rates found for P. arvicanthis, the spatial genetic structure was not more pronounced in the parasite lineages compared with the hosts. These findings may be partly attributed to larger effective population sizes of the parasite lineages, the vagility and social behaviour of Rhabdomys, and the lack of host-specificity observed in areas of host sympatry. Further, the patterns of genetic divergence within parasite and host lineages may also be largely attributed to historical biogeographic changes (expansion-contraction cycles). It is thus evident that the association between P. arvicanthis and Rhabdomys has been shaped by the synergistic effects of parasite traits, host-related factors and biogeography over evolutionary time.
FIGURE 3. a in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records
FIGURE 3. a, male Actornithophilus piceus lari; b, male Austromenopon transversum; c, male Quadraceps punctatus clayae; d, male Quadraceps punctatus regressus; e, male Saemundssonia lari; f, female Saemundssonia lari.
FIGURE 2 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records
FIGURE 2. Map showing collection sites along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. 1, Umm Al-Malik Island, Near the coast of Tabuk; 2, the coast of Jeddah, Jeddah Islamic Port; 3, The coast of Jazan, near Jazan University; 4, Jazan Fish Market.
FIGURE 1 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records
FIGURE 1. Shared colonies of gulls: a, Baltic gull, herring gull and yellow-legged gull; b, Armenian gull, sooty gull and white-eyed Gull.
FIGURE 4. a in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records
FIGURE 4. a, male genitalia Actornithophilus piceus lari; b, prothorax Austromenopon transversum; c, male genitalia Quadraceps punctatus; d, male genitalia Saemundssonia lari. Prothorax pigmentation: e, Quadraceps punctatus pallidus; f, Quadraceps punctatus clayae; g, Quadraceps punctatus regressus.
FIGURES 95–106 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 95–106. Male genitalia. Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) sphagmotica n. sp. ex Coracina caeruleogrisea strenua: 95, dorsal view. 96, male mesosome, ventral view. 97, male paramere, ventral view. Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) nouankaoensis n. sp. ex Coracina caledonica seiuncta: 98, dorsal view. 99, male mesosome, ventral view. 100, male paramere, ventral view. Guimaraesiella (Malardifax) pandolura Gustafsson & Bush, 2017, ex Pericrocotus ethologus laetus: 101, dorsal view. 102, male mesosome, ventral view. 103, male paramere, ventral view. Guimaraesiella (Malardifax) pandolura Gustafsson & Bush, 2017, ex Pericrocotus roseus stanfordi: 104, dorsal view. 105, male mesosome, ventral view. 106, male paramere, ventral view. Abbreviations: ames = anterior mesosomal seta; gpmes = gonoporal posterior mesosomal seta; lpmes = lateral posterior mesosomal seta; pst1–2 = parameral setae 1–2.
FIGURES 93–94 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 93–94. Guimaraesiella (Malardifax) pandolura Gustafsson & Bush, 2017, ex Pericrocotus ethologus laetus. 93, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 94, female subgenital plate, ventral view.
FIGURES 89–90. Female subgenital plates and vulval margins. 89 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 89–90. Female subgenital plates and vulval margins. 89, Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) sphagmotica n. sp. ex Coracina caeruleogrisea strenua. 90, Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) nouankaoensis n. sp. ex Coracina caledonica seiuncta.
FIGURES 73–82. 73 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 73–82. 73, Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) saucia n. sp. ex Edolisoma montanum montanum, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 74–82. Male Genitalia. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) kamphaengphetensis n. sp. ex Lalage melaschistos avensis: 74, dorsal view. 75, male mesosome, ventral view. 76, male paramere, dorsal view. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) subarcens n. sp. ex Edolisoma melas melas: 77, dorsal view. 78, male mesosome, ventral view. 79, male paramere, dorsal view. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) saucia n. sp. ex Edolisoma montanum montanum: 80, dorsal view. 81, male mesosome, ventral view. 82, male paramere, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ames = anterior mesosomal seta; gpmes = gonoporal posterior mesosomal seta; lpmes = lateral posterior mesosomal seta; pst1–2 = parameral setae 1–2.
FIGURES 85–86 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 85–86. Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella) nouankaoensis n. sp. ex Coracina caledonica seiuncta. 85, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 86, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 66–67 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 66–67. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) saucia n. sp. ex Edolisoma montanum montanum. 66, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 67, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 57–58 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 57–58. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) ephippiformis new species ex Edolisoma montanum montanum. 57, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 58, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 68–70. 68 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 68–70. 68, Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) kamphaengphetensis n. sp. ex Lalage melaschistos avensis, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 69, Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) subarcens n. sp. ex Edolisoma melas melas, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. 70, Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) saucia n. sp. ex Edolisoma montanum montanum, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 52–56 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 52–56. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) cinitemnina new species ex Edolisoma melas melas. 52, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 53, male genitalia, dorsal view. 54, male mesosome, ventral view. 55, male paramere, dorsal view. 56, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 59–63 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 59–63. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) ephippiformis new species ex Edolisoma montanum montanum. 59, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 60, male genitalia, dorsal view. 61, male mesosome, ventral view. 62, male paramere, dorsal view. 63, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
FIGURES 64–65 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 64–65. Indoceoplanetes (Capnodella) subarcens n. sp. ex Edolisoma melas melas: 64, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 65, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
FIGURES 43–44 in Chewing lice of the Brueelia-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on members of the Campephagidae (Aves: Passeriformes), with description of a new subgenus and 14 new species
FIGURES 43–44. Indoceoplanetes (Indoceoplanetes) zambica new species ex Coracina pectoralis. 43, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 44, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
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