Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression

Fig. 5. The observation of stomata characteristics in vitro plants of diploid (A1,2), tetraploid (B1,2), and mixoploid (C1,2) of S. officinalis. Bars = 50 and 10 μm.

Fig. 2 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression

Fig. 2. Chromosome numbers of root tip cells from diploid plants 2n = 2x = 14 (A); and tetraploid plants 2n = 4x = 28 (B) of S. officinalis.

Fig. 1 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression

Fig. 1. Histograms of flow cytometric analysis of diploid (A), tetraploid (B) and mixoploid (C) plants of S. officinalis.

Fig. 4 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression

Fig. 4. The morphological characteristics of in vivo plants of diploid (A), and mixoploid (B) of S. officinalis.

Fig. 8 in Triterpenic and phenolic acids production changed in Salvia officinalis via in vitro and in vivo polyploidization: A consequence of altered genes expression

Fig. 8. Pearson correlation and the relationship between TAs contents of betulinic acid (BA), ursolic acid (UA), and oleanolic acid (OA) and gene expression related to triterpenic acids biosynthesis pathway including farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDS), squalene synthase (SQS), squalene epoxidases (SQE), lupeol synthase (LUS), β-amyrin synthase (BAS), and mixed function amyrin synthase (MFAS) genes in different ploidy levels of in vitro and in vivo conditions of S. officinalis.

Fig. 3 in Mycosporine-like amino acids, brominated and sulphated phenols: Suitable chemotaxonomic markers for the reassessment of classification of Bostrychia calliptera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Fig. 3. Side view (parallel to the b axis; top) and plan view (bottom) of the 2D coordination polymer of compound 5. Na atoms are drawn as balls and H atoms are omitted for clarity.

Fig. 6 in Mycosporine-like amino acids, brominated and sulphated phenols: Suitable chemotaxonomic markers for the reassessment of classification of Bostrychia calliptera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Fig. 6. HPLC chromatograms of selected Bostrychia calliptera MeOH/H2O extracts at 280 nm. Assignment of the compounds is according to Figure 1 (compound 3 to 6) and compound iii (λmax 228 nm) is unidentified, column: YMC- Pack Pro C18 RS (150 × 4.60 mm, 3 μm); mobile phase:20 mM ammonium formate and 0.6% (v/v) formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B); gradient: 0–15 min: 2% B, 23 min: 10% B, 30 min: 15% B, 35–40 min: 98% B, 40.1–50 min: 2% B; flow rate = 0.6 mL/min; T = 20 °C.

Fig. 2 in Mycosporine-like amino acids, brominated and sulphated phenols: Suitable chemotaxonomic markers for the reassessment of classification of Bostrychia calliptera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Fig. 2. Asymmetric unit of compound 5 with non-H atoms represented as thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. H atoms are drawn as spheres of random size.

Fig. 5 in Mycosporine-like amino acids, brominated and sulphated phenols: Suitable chemotaxonomic markers for the reassessment of classification of Bostrychia calliptera (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)

Fig. 5. HPLC chromatograms of selected Bostrychia calliptera MeOH/H2O extracts at 310 nm. Assignment of the compounds: (i) unidentified MAA with λmax 332 nm, (ii) unidentified MAA with λmax 308 nm, (1) compound 1 (porphyra- 334), (2) compound 2 (palythine-threonine), column: YMC-Pack Pro C18 RS (150 × 4.60 mm, 3 μm) mobile phase:20 mM ammonium formate and 0.6% (v/ v) formic acid in water (A) and methanol (B); gradient: 0–15 min: 2% B, 23 min: 10% B, 30 min: 15% B, 35–40 min: 98% B, 40.1–50 min: 2% B; flow rate = 0.6 mL/min; T = 20 °C.

Fig. 7 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 7. (A) Identification of positive transgenic hairy roots lines by PCR (A, 35S + SmbHLH3; B, hpt II; C, rol b; D, rol c). Numbers above represent individual transgenic lines and M represent DL2000 DNA marker. (B) The phenotypes of hairy roots. Hairy roots were cultured in 6,7-V liquid medium for 30 days before being photographed. (C) Relative quantitative analysis of SmbHLH3 expression in transgenic lines and control of S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Bars are means ± SD from three independent biological replicates. One-way ANOVA (followed by a Turkey comparison) was tested for significant differences among the means (indicated by different letters at P <0.01).

Fig. 5 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 5. Subcellular localization of SmbHLH3 protein in onion epidermal cells. Fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope at 24 h after incubation. The pictures showed bright field (TD), green fluorescent field (GFP), DAPI and overlay of three fields (Merge). The numerical reading of red ruler is 100 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 2. Relative expression levels of phenolic acids biosynthetic pathway genes in transgenic hairy roots lines and the control. The results were analyzed using the comparative Ct method. The S. miltiorrhiza Actin gene was used as an internal control to normalize expression levels. The vertical bars show the SD values (n = 3). One-way ANOVA (followed by a Turkey comparison) was tested for significant differences among the means (indicated by different letters at P <0.01).

Fig. 3 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 3. Relative expression levels of tanshinone biosynthesis pathway genes in transgenic hairy roots lines and the control. The vertical bars show the SD values (n = 3). One-way ANOVA (followed by a Turkey comparison) was tested for significant differences among the means (indicated by different letters at P <0.01).

Fig. 4 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 4. Sequence analysis of SmbHLH3. (A) Deduced amino acid sequence of SmbHLH3. Predicted HLH domain was present in shaded area. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of SmbHLH3. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the amino acid sequences of SmbHLH3 and SibHLH3 (XP_011080018), EgbHLH3-like (XP_012836308.1), OebHLH3 (XP_022854140), StbHLH (XP_006352746), NsbHLH3 (XP_009803066), CbbHLH3 (PHT46573), AcbHLH3 (PSS14567), CabHLH3 (PHT80432), LnbHLH3- like (XP_019165044), OebHLH3-like (XP_022872401), CcbHLH3 (PHU16394), PabHLH3 (XP_021814813), AtbHLH3 (AT4G16430), AtbHLH13 (AAM10932), AtbHLH17 (AT2G46510) and all of the SmbHLHs that previously reported. These phylogenetic trees were constructed via MEGA6, using the neighbor-joining method with 500 bootstrap replicates.

Fig. 1 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 1. The chemical structures of three water-soluble phenolic acids (CA, caffeic acid; RA, rosemarinic acid; SAB, salvianolic acid B) (A) and four lipid-soluble tanshinone (T-I, tanshinone I; T-IIA, tanshinone IIA; CT, cryptotanshinone; DT-I, dihydrotanshinone I) (B) studied in this article.

Fig. 6 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 6. Expression pattern of SmbHLH3 in different tissues of S. miltiorrhiza. Bars are means ± SD from three independent biological replicates. One-way ANOVA (followed by a Turkey comparison) was tested for significant differences among the means (indicated by different letters at P <0.01).

Fig. 8 in SmbHLH3 acts as a transcription repressor for both phenolic acids and tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Fig. 8. Contents of CA, RA, SAB (A) and T-I, T-IIA, CT, DT-I (B) in transgenic and the control hairy roots lines of S. miltiorrhiza. The vertical bars show the SD values (n = 3). One-way ANOVA (followed by a Turkey comparison) was tested for significant differences among the means (indicated by different letters at P <0.05).