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2,297 results for “phoenix”
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: a survey of key ecological indicators in parcels of residential areas in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2010
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified, dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. In 2010, the survey was expanded to include an assessment of residential parcels overlapping the survey plot at sites in residential areas. Many of the same variables that are measured in the 30m x 30m survey plot are measured in the parcel, including an inventory of perennial plants, and the biovolume of trees. In addition, a detailed assessment of characteristics of the parcel is performed. Investigators interested in data from the broader Ecological Survey of Central Arizona that includes all survey plots can find those data in the Environmental Data Initiative data repository at [this](https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-cap&identifier=652) link.
Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS): 2017
The Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) was established in 2001 as part of the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) project's long-term monitoring program. Every five years, the PASS team surveys households in select neighborhoods in metropolitan Phoenix in order to better understand people's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors on environmental issues such heat stress and climate change, water scarcity and policy, landscape choices and management, and urban wildlife and biodiversity. In 2001, the first PASS was piloted in 8 neighborhoods (n= 302) in the City of Phoenix, Arizona. Aiming for about 20 respondents per neighborhood, the 2006 (n= 808) and 2011 (n= 806) samples were expanded to cover a broader range of neighborhoods (40-45) that better represent the geography of the greater metropolitan area, both in terms of location and demographics. In order to characterize and examine residents' views and practices in particular Phoenix-area neighborhoods, the 2017 survey was redesigned to target a larger number of people (~65) in fewer (12) neighborhoods across the region. The new sampling design allows for intensive neighborhood analyses that link residents' perceptions, attitudes, and decisions to the local ecology (e.g., urban infrastructure, landscape attributes, species composition). The 2017 PASS neighborhoods were distributed across CAP LTER ecological monitoring sites at green/blue infrastructure such as the Salt River, Tempe Town Lake, and Indian Bend Wash, in addition to desert preserves such as South Mountain Park and McDowell Sonoran Preserve. Ecological data also collected at these sites included climate and temperature data, nutrient fluxes, and wildlife community measurements. In each neighborhood, for example, the local bird community was measured at three point-count stations so that we can link biodiversity metrics to people's views and actions that affect them. Overall, the 2017 PASS survey explores major themes integral
Fine-scale meteorological observations from walking traverses in two Phoenix Area Social Survey (PASS) 2017 neighborhoods (2019)
This dataset includes human-biometeorological observations from 2.5 km walking traverses with a mobile weather station. The traverses occurred in two 2017 Phoenix Area Social Survey neighborhoods (U18: South Phoenix/Salt River (Audubon) and W15: Camelback Mountain) on one day in June and October, at 12pm and 4pm on each day. Specifically, air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiant energy (infrared and solar radiation) in 3-dimensions were measured at 2-second intervals. Additionally, mean radiant temperature was calculated from the radiation measurements. The meteorological observations are spatially referenced with latitude and longitude coordinates. The paths through the neighborhoods were chosen to maximize proximity to PASS 2017 participants’ homes.
Phoenix, Arizona (USA) residential yard management and vegetation change over time: 2008-2019
This project sampled residential front yards in four Phoenix, AZ neighborhoods to address questions about how residential yard vegetation varies among neighborhoods and changes over time and in response to resident attitudes. Neighborhoods were located on an approximate north-to-south transect in the city of Phoenix and represented different dominant landscape types (xeric or mesic) and different socioeconomic conditions. The project originated in summer 2008, when approximately 100 parcels were selected in each of the four neighborhoods for front yard vegetation sampling. All yards which could be relocated and accessed in the summer of 2018 were resampled, and current residents were surveyed to understand their yard management motivations, attitudes, and changes made. Yards of 100 survey respondents were resampled a third time in 2019. Yard sampling primarily focused on yard woody vegetation identification, but also included ground cover, yard type of neighboring yards, and features such as fences, lighting, and social infrastructure. Social and yard survey data can be linked with unique identifiers provided in the datasets.
Wildlife in urban neighborhoods of the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area: patterns that span a social-ecological gradient in 2021
Wildlife communities are structured by numerous ecological filters in cities that influence their populations, and some species even manage to thrive in urban landscapes. CAP researchers were the first to observe “the luxury effect”, the hypothesis that biodiversity is positively related to income of residents. The luxury effect is still being tested worldwide twenty years later and has led to important new research on other socio-demographic factors that shape biodiversity but are vastly understudied, such as race and ethnicity, as well as the interaction of these factors with urban structural inequalities that may be hidden by income. This research aims to unpack the luxury effect by considering other landscape and socio-demographic factors that may influence wildlife communities across neighborhoods of metro Phoenix. Specifically, we are investigating if neighborhood income and ethnicity independently influence mammal occupancy in neighborhoods across the CAP ecosystem. To answer this question, we leveraged a wildlife camera array across CAP within community parks, in which cameras are placed across a gradient of average median household income and percent Latinx of residents. Incorporating socioeconomic data into urban mammal research will allow for the advancement in the understanding of socio-ecological patterns.
Urban Heat and Desert Wildlife: Rodent Body Condition Across a Gradient of Surface Temperatures in the greater Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area (2019-2020)
We live-trapped wild rodents from seven field sites spanning three strata of land-surface temperatures in the Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area. We captured 116 adult pocket mice (Chaetodipus spp. and Perognathus spp.) and Merriam’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) during 2019 and 2020 from mountainous urban parks and open spaces. Animal body condition was quantified as percent body fat (i.e., fat mass divided by body mass). We used a noninvasive quantitative magnetic resonance instrument to measure body condition.
Urban habitat features and patterns of snake removals in the greater Phoenix, Arizona (USA) metropolitan area (March 2021 - March 2022)
In urban and suburban areas, wildlife and people are often in close quarters, leading to human-wildlife interactions (HWI). Understanding how wildlife interact with humans and the built environment is critical as urbanization contributes to habitat change and fragmentation globally. In our study, we partnered with a local business that removes and relocates snakes from homes and businesses in the Phoenix area. The most frequently removed were venomous (family Viperidae, e.g., rattlesnakes) and nonvenomous (family Colubridae, e.g., gophersnakes) snakes. Using these records, we investigated taxa-specific habitat trends at two spatial scales. The neighborhood scale focused on front yard measures of cover and vegetation classes and the landscape scale focused on variables related to vegetation indices and degree of urbanization. Both analyses compared areas where snakes were removed to random locations in the city to represent possible habitat available to snakes. At the neighborhood scale (n=60), we found that removals occurred in yards with abundant cover opportunities. At the landscape scale (n=764), we found species-specific differences with nonvenomous snakes removed from areas of higher urbanization compared to venomous snakes. Understanding these distinct habitat patterns in residential yards can identify areas with potential human-snake conflict.
Long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling arthropods in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 1998 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/254/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/41/16. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) program has been monitoring ground-dwelling arthropods (e.g., insects, ararchnids) at locations throughout the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA) and surrounding Sonoran desert region since 1998. Monitoring locations span a diversity of habitat types, including mesic and xeric residential yards, commercial areas, agricultural fields, desert locations within the GPMA (desert remnant), and undisturbed desert locations. Organisms are collected quarterly using unbaited pitfall traps, typically ten per location but with some variation, exposed for approximately seventy-two hours. Organisms are identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level and enumerated. Many of the sampling locations established at the beginning of the monitoring project were relocated in 2001-2002 to overlap with the CAP LTER’s Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA; formerly named Survey200) long-term monitoring sites, although within the same general landscape categories.
Regional E-Atlas of the Greater Phoenix Region: Areas of significant agricultural and residential groundwater use, 1996-2000
Spatial distribution of well water usage (groundwater) for the period 1996 - 2000. These data present significant areas of agricultural and residential groundwater use during this period. This is a spatial data object with a Coordinate Reference System (CRS) of EPSG:3479 NAD83(NSRS2007) / Arizona Central (ft); https://www.spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/3479/). The coordinate reference system (CRS) associated with these data when they were constructed initially was misrepresented in early versions (<= knb-lter-cap.101.8) of this dataset. The CAP LTER has attempted to assign a CRS based on reasonable values but the accuracy of the identified CRS cannot be certain.
Database of Geographic Information: Change in groundwater level, Central Arizona-Phoenix, 1985-2000
Change in Level of Groundwater in central Arizona-Phoenix, 1985-2000. This file shows spatial changes in groundwater levels for two separate time periods: 1985-1989 and 1996-2000. This is a spatial data object with a Coordinate Reference System (CRS) of EPSG:3479 NAD83(NSRS2007) / Arizona Central (ft); https://www.spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/3479/). The coordinate reference system (CRS) associated with these data when they were constructed initially was misrepresented in early versions (<= knb-lter-cap.101.8) of this dataset. The CAP LTER has attempted to assign a CRS based on reasonable values but the accuracy of the identified CRS cannot be certain.
Satellite-derived estimate of artificial lakes in the Phoenix, Arizona, USA Metropolitan area (2000)
Artificial lakes are a prominent example of a local hydrogeomorphic modification in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. Although lakes are not a natural feature of Sonoran desert ecosystems, numerous artificial lakes are evident in the region. Here we attempt to quantify the heretofore unknown number and extent of artificial lakes. As official GIS layers from local and state agencies had significant misclassifications and omissions, we used two published land cover datasets to estimate the number and areal extent of artificial lakes. We discovered that there are 908-1,390 lakes in the Phoenix area, with the number varying according to level of aggregation. Accurate data on the extent and distribution of these designed ecosystems is vital for water-resources planning and stormwater management. Results, discussion, and additional details are available in document DOI 10.1007/s11252-011-0208-1.
Regional drinking water quality monitoring program: long-term monitoring of water quality in select canals, reservoirs, and treatment plants of the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area drinking water system, ongoing since 1998
Regional Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Program ================================================== Arizona Statue University (ASU) has been working with regional water providers (Salt River Project (SRP), Central Arizona Project (CAP)) and metropolitan Phoenix cities since 1998 on algae-related issues affecting drinking water supplies, treatment, and distribution. The results have improved the understanding of taste and odor (T&O) occurrence, control, and treatment, improved the understanding of dissolved organic and algae dynamics, and initiated a forum to discuss and address regional water quality issues. The monitoring benefits local Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) by optimizing ongoing operations (i.e., reducing operating costs), improving the quality of municipal water for consumers, facilitating long-term water quality planning, and providing information on potentially future-regulated compounds. ASU has been monitoring water quality in terminal reservoirs (Lake Pleasant, Saguaro Lake, and Bartlett Lake) continuously from 1998 to the present for algae-related constituents (taste and odors, and more recently metals from the upper reservoirs), nutrients, and disinfection by-product precursors (i.e., total and dissolved organic carbon and organic nitrogen). Additional monitoring has been conducted in the SRP and CAP canal systems and in water treatment plants in Phoenix, Tempe and Peoria. During this work the Valley has been in a prolonged drought and recently one above average wet year, and this data provides important baseline data for development of new or expanded WTPs and management of existing WTPs in the future. The current work has improved the understanding of T&O sources and treatment, but additional research and monitoring into the future is necessary. Reservoir monitoring is conducted once per month at Bartlett Lake, Saguaro Lake, and Lake Pleasant, and quarterly at Roosevelt, Apache, and Canyon Lakes. Samples are depth integrated in the epilimnion a
Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012
Waterways are often the focus of restoration efforts in urban areas. In arid regions, passive discharge of urban water sources may stimulate the recovery or growth of wetland and riparian features in dewatered or ephemeral aquatic systems. In the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA), sections of the Salt and Gila Rivers have been the targets of active restoration through seeding, planting, and irrigation. At the same time, revegetation has occurred in some sections of the rivers in response to runoff from urban water sources (e.g., storm drains). This dataset catalogs the results of herpetological surveys conducted at several locations along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and around the GPMA beginning in March 2012. Survey locations include riparian areas in urban and non-urban locations that have been (actively) restored or have revegetated in response to urban runoff, and that feature ephemeral or perennial sources of water. This is a long-term monitoring effort of the CAP LTER with on-going data collection.
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013
Waterways are often the focus of restoration efforts in urban areas. In arid regions, passive discharge of urban water sources may stimulate the recovery or growth of wetland and riparian features in dewatered or ephemeral aquatic systems. In the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA), sections of the Salt and Gila Rivers have been the targets of active restoration through seeding, planting, and irrigation. At the same time, revegetation has occurred in some sections of the rivers in response to runoff from urban water sources (e.g., storm drains). This dataset catalogs the results of bird surveys conducted at several locations along the Salt River in and around the GPMA beginning in March 2013. Monitoring locations focus on reaches of the river with different characteristics, including: (1) urbanized with perennial water and actively restored (n=2 reaches), (2) urbanized with perennial water and passively restored (n=2 reaches), (3) urbanized with ephemeral water but not restored (n=2 reaches), and (4) non-urban reference areas with perennial water (n=1 reach). This program expands on bird monitoring that the CAP LTER conducts at other locations in and around the GPMA, and complements herpetological surveys that are performed at these locations along the Salt River where the bird surveys are performed. This is a long-term monitoring effort of the CAP LTER with on-going data collection.
Composited land surface temperature of the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert derived from cloud-free, summer (June, July, and August) Landsat imagery: 1985-2020
This project calculates land surface temperature (LST) from remotely sensed imagery. The intent is to extend the previous version of the LST data for the CAP LTER study area in central Arizona, USA to include 2020 and update the products so that they are based on a composite of images from each year (all available cloud-free acquisitions from June, July, and August) in the analysis to reduce the potential for outlier images or pixels to impact analyses. The aim is to make updated LST data accessible to stakeholders and researchers studying the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area. LST is calculated from cloud-free Landsat 5 and 8 imagery (30m resolution) from summer months (June, July, and August) in 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. All images are cropped to the CAP LTER study area boundary.
Urban Ecological Infrastructure (UEI) in the greater Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert region (2010-2017)
Urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) encompasses all infrastructure in a city that supports ecological structure and function, and by extension, provides ecosystem services to urban residents and is a broad, all-encompassing concept for "nature in cities". This idea includes commonly recognized forms of infrastructure, such as parks, residential yards, community gardens, lakes and rivers, and street trees. But UEI also includes less recognized forms, such as vacant lots, agricultural fields, canals, and water retention basins. Despite being widely recognized as important to urban landscapes, the wide variety, and various forms of urban ecological infrastructure are rarely documented in a single source. To address this, we consolidated various aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland UEI throughout the Phoenix Metropolitan area so researchers can incorporate this UEI into project designs and models. Since people’s perceptions of UEI differ not only by the three broad classifications but also by the individual characteristics of UEI, each feature is classified not only as aquatic, terrestrial, or wetlands but also given on of fifteen unique classifications. Incorporation of UEI into both planning and research design can promote practices that increase both biodiversity and human well-being while also possibly limiting negative landscape perceptions.
Long-term monitoring of reptiles and ground arthropods near the Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport, Mesa, Arizona, USA, ongoing since 2010
Reptiles and amphibians have been monitored at the Gateway site since 2010. The goals of the project have been to provide undergraduate and graduate students opportunities to learn hands-on wildlife techniques, follow seasonal patterns of herpetofauna and ground arthropods, and serve as a test bed for new projects and technologies, including development of a mobile app for data collection. Live trapping methods include 6 trap arrays of pitfall and funnel traps placed along drift fences. Arrays are checked daily when traps are actively open to trap animals. Lizards are given a unique toe clip code, but all other species are unmarked. Reptiles and amphibians are weighed and measured and released at point of capture. Ground arthropods are counted to the Order-level. Arrays are open typically from March to October and the years vary in trapping effort with arrays open from 2 to 68 days per year. The most common species captured are tiger whiptail (*Aspidoscelis tigris*) and common side-blotched (*Uta stansburiana*) lizards.
Seasonal and annual summary statistics of urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature, and bioclimatic variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery in areas surrounding long-term bird monitoring locations in the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA metropolitan area (1997-2023)
This data package consists of 26 years (1998-2023) of environmental data and 22 years (2000-2022) years of bioclimatic data associated with CAP-LTER long-term point-count bird censusing sites (https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/4777d7f0a899f506d6d4f9b5d535ba09), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). The environmental variables include land surface temperature (LST), three spectral indices of vegetation and water – the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) – and four spectral indices of impervious surface/urbanization. Impervious surface indices include the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), the normalized difference impervious surface index (NDISI), the enhanced normalized differences impervious surface index (ENDISI), and the normalized impervious surface index (NISI). LST and all spectral indices were derived from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. The seven bioclimatic variables (e.g., air temperature, precipitation) were sourced from 1-km resolution gridded estimates of daily climatic data from NASA Daymet V4. We created temporally-aggregated Daymet raster images by calculating mean pixel-values for each season and year, as well as seasonally and annually summed precipitation. We summarized the values of each environmental variable by generating variously-sized (100-m, 500-m, 1000-m) buffers around each bird point count location and extracting weighted mean values of each environmental variable, with each pixel's values weighted by the proportion of its area falling within the buffer. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of s
Seasonal and annual vegetation surveys of wetlands along the Salt River in and near the greater metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona
The Salt River Biodiversity Project collects vegetation data in several urban wetlands across the Phoenix area (Arizona) along the historic channel of the Salt River. This study, along with bird and reptile monitoring (Bateman and Childers 2022, Bateman and Warren 2022), began in 2012. These biodiversity monitoring initiatives help understand how community composition, biodiversity, and ecosystem structure are changing as a result of pressures such as urbanization, climate change, and land management decisions. This dataset contains vegetation assessments from 2012 as well as a reassessment ten years later (2022 and 2023). Bateman, H. and D. Childers. 2022. Long-term monitoring of herpetofauna along the Salt and Gila Rivers in and near the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2012 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3cc81cce91185cdeeded320c4a3528df> Accessed 2024-09-11. Bateman, H. and P. Warren. 2022. Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013 ver 8. Environmental Data Initiative. <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/070c0bec46e1336684c534f9a4034334> Accessed 2024-09-11.
Long-term composited Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) for the greater Phoenix, Arizona, USA, metropolitan area and the surrounding Sonoran desert derived from annual and seasonal Landsat imagery, 1998 to 2023
Abstract ======== This data package consists of multiple decades of modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) raster data across the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) study area within metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona (USA), temporally aggregated by year and by four meteorological seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall). By providing a metric by which to reliably identify bodies of open water, these MNDWI data are intended to facilitate analyses of land-based environmental variables (e.g., urbanization, vegetation, land surface temperature) and can also be used to track long-term and seasonal change in the coarse extent of open water as a land-cover type. MNDWI was derived, following the methods of Xu (2006), from annual and seasonal composites of 30-m resolution Landsat 5-9 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery. All imagery retrieval and data processing were completed with Google Earth Engine (Gorelick et al. 2017) and program R. A complete description of data processing methods, including the aggregation of imagery by year and season and the calculation of the spectral index, can be found in the data package metadata (see \'Methods and Protocols\') and accompanying Javascript code. **Citations:** - Gorelick N, Hancher M, Dixon M, et al. (2017) Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment 202:18--27. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.06.031> - Xu, H. (2006). Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. *International Journal of Remote Sensing*, *27*(14), 3025--3033. <https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.