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Fig. 8 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 8. Cambonilla symphonia Jocqué & Henrard gen. et sp. nov., male holotype A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Male palp, ventral view. F. Male palp, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate tubular extension. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm; E–F = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 5 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 5. Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov., male holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Carapace, frontal view. D. Abdomen, posterior part, ventral view. E. Male palp, retrolateral view. F. Male palp, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; D–F = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 6 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 6. Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov., female paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/003). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus ventral view. C. Abdomen, posterior part, ventral view. D. Epigyne, ventral view. E. Epigyne, digested, dorsal view. F. Palp, dorsal view, arrow indicates modified prolateral spine on tibia. Scale bars: A–B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm; D–F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs. A in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Cambonilla symphonia Jocqué & Henrard gen. et sp. nov., male paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/009). B–F. Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov. male paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/005) A. Tarsal claws of leg I, prolateral view. B. Tarsal claws of leg III, retrolateral view. C. Hinged hair on T I. D. Chisel shaped setae on Mt III. E. PVS, ventral view. F. As preceding, detail. Scale bars: A–B, D = 20 µm; C = 5 µm; E = 100 µm; F = 10 µm.

Fig. 2 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 2. Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov., male paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/002), scanning electron micrographs. A. Carapace, dorsal view. B. Branched setae near fovea. C. Carapace, lateral view. D. Eye region, frontal view. E. Chelicerae, ventral view. F. Trichobothrium on male palp, dorsal view. Scale bars A, C = 0.5 mm; B = 20 µm; D = 0.2 mm; E = 0.1 mm; F = 5 µm.

Fig. 11 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 11. Distribution of Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov. (▲) and Cambonilla symphonia Jocqué & Henrard gen. et sp. nov. (▼).

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs. A–F in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs. A–F. Cambonilla securicula Jocqué gen. et sp. nov., male paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/005). G–I. Cambonilla symphonia Jocqué & Henrard gen. et sp. nov., male paratype (RBINS IG 33.889/009). Scanning electron micrographs. A. Sternal depression. B. As preceding, detail. C. Male palp, lateral view. D. Chemosensitive setae on cymbium, lateral view. E. Male palp, ventral view. F. Embolus with bifurcation, prolateral view. G. Stridulating file on base of F I, prolateral view. H. As preceding, detail. Scale bars: A, G = 0.1 mm; B = 50 µm; C, E = 0.5 mm; D, H = 20 µm; E = 0.5 mm; F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm; H = 20 µm.

Fig. 1 in The new Southeast Asian genus Cambonilla gen. nov. (Zodariidae, Araneae): ' bis repetita placent'

Fig. 1. Preferred tree out of 5 (46 taxa, 100 characters), length 415, CI 45, RI 72. Arrow indicates the position of Cambonilla Jocqué gen. nov. Black circles indicate non-homoplasic synapomorphies and white circles indicate homoplasic changes. Character numbers (see Dankittipakul et al. 2012) are placed above the circles and the states are shown under the circles.

Fig. 14 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 14. Implied ghost lineages and maximum likelihood reconstructions of M2 metacone size (treated as an ordered character with four states), given one of the topologies (Fig. 12A) recovered by parsimony analysis of morphological data. Here the topology is plotted against time, with major divergences among clades with extant representatives based on the molecular estimates of Douady et al. (2003) for Macroscelidea, Poux et al. (2008) for Tenrecoidea, and Gilbert et al. (2006) for the origin of crown Chrysochloroidea. The depth of the Potamogale–Micropotamogale divergence has not been estimated using molecular data, and is here arbitrarily placed at half the time depth of Potamogalidae. An origin of crown Afrotheria at ~80 Ma is supported by various studies (e.g., Springer et al. 2003). Although parsimony reconstructs metacone loss as homologous in tenrecs and golden moles, note that when branch lengths are taken into account for maximum likelihood reconstructions ("MLR", computed in Mesquite v. 2.72; Maddison and Maddison 2005), the common ancestors of crown Afrosoricida and crown Tenrecoidea are reconstructed as having had a reduced but distinct M2 metacone, the former with high proportional likelihood (0.779). These data, combined with the numerous zalambdomorph Paleogene ghost lineages that are required by the parsimony−based topology, arguably call into question the likelihood of the topology itself.

Fig. 12 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 12. Phylogenetic analysis of living and extinct afrotherians, with Dilambdogale and Todralestes added to a modified version of the matrices employed by Seiffert (2007) and Barrow et al. (2010). A. Single most parsimonious tree derived from analysis with some multistate characters ordered and scaled; tree length = 18746.434, consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.49, retention index = 0.44, rescaled consistency index = 0.28. B. Adams consensus of 63 equally parsimonious trees derived from analysis with all multistate characters unordered, and Afrodon excluded; tree length = 19579, consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.49, retention index = 0.44, rescaled consistency index = 0.28. Dashed lines indicate branches that are present in the Adams tree, but not in the strict consensus of all MPTs.

Fig. 11 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 11. Comparison of talonid morphology, in lingual view of two Egyptian afrosoricid placentals. A. Dilambdogale gheerbranti (DPC 24103A), from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian; ~37 Ma) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt. B. Qatranilestes oligocaenus (YPM 24203), from the late early Oligocene (late Rupelian; ~30 Ma) Quarry I, upper sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation, northern Egypt. Specimens are scaled to the same approximate m2–3 length to facilitate comparison. Note the much larger hypoconid and relatively capacious and concave talonid basin in Dilambdogale. Also note that the m2 entoconid is broken in DPC 24103A, but is relatively well−developed in other specimens.

Fig. 13. Phylogenetic analysis with the poorly−known latest Paleocene genus Afrodon included. A in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 13. Phylogenetic analysis with the poorly−known latest Paleocene genus Afrodon included. A. Single most parsimonious tree derived from analysis with some multistate characters ordered and scaled; tree length = 18748.435, consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.49, retention index = 0.44, rescaled consistency index = 0.28. B. Adams consensus of 97 equally parsimonious trees derived from analysis with all multistate characters unordered, and Afrodon included; tree length = 19582, consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.49, retention index = 0.45, rescaled consistency index = 0.28. Dashed lines indicate branches that are present in the Adams tree, but not in the strict consensus of all MPTs.

Fig. 8 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 8. Comparison of occlusal morphology of the upper second molar (scaled to the same approximate buccolingual width) in a series of Paleogene African mammals with possible afrosoricid affinities. A. Widanelfarasia bowni (latest Eocene, Jebel Qatrani Formation, Egypt), based on Seiffert et al. (2007). B. Dilambdogale gheerbranti (earliest late Eocene, Birket Qarun Formation, Egypt). C. Chambilestes foussanensis (late early or early middle Eocene, Chambi, Tunisia), based on Gheerbrant and Hartenberger (1999). D.?Garatherium todrae (late Paleocene, Jebel Guersif Formation, Morocco), based on Gheerbrant et al. (1998). E. Afrodon chleuhi (late Paleocene, Jbel Guersif Formation, Morocco), based on Gheerbrant (1988). F. Todralestes variabilis (late Paleocene, Jbel Guersif Formation, Morocco), based on Gheerbrant (1991b).

Fig. 10 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 10. Dental morphology of the afrosoricid placental Qatranilestes oligocaenus, gen. et sp. nov., from the late early Oligocene (late Rupelian) Quarry I, upper sequence of the Jebel Qatrani Formation, northern Egypt. A. YPM 24200, right mandibular fragment with crown of m3 in occlusal (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. YPM 24203, holotype right mandible with talonids of m2–3 in occlusal stereo view (B1 and B2).

Fig. 7. DPC 24108A in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 7. DPC 24108A, right distal humerus attributed to the afrosoricid placental Dilambdogale gheerbranti gen. et sp. nov., from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt.

Fig. 6 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 6. Upper dentition of the afrosoricid placental Dilambdogale gheerbranti gen. et sp. nov. from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt. A. DPC 23307A, right M3, in occlusal (A1) and distal (A2) views. B. DPC 23306E, left M2, in occlusal view. C. DPC 23780C, left M2, in occlusal (C1) and buccal (C2) views. D. DPC 23784D, right M1, in occlusal (D1) and mesial (D2) views. E. DPC 24001A, left P4, in distal (E1) and occlusal (E2) views.

Fig. 5 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 5. Buccal view of DPC 23783B, a left mandibular fragment of the afrosoricid placental Dilambdogale gheerbranti gen. et sp. nov., from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt, preserving m2–3.

Fig. 3 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 3. Holotype maxilla of the afrosoricid placental Dilambdogale gheerbranti gen. et sp. nov., from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt. A. Occlusal view of CGM 66005, left maxillary fragment preserving the alveolus for the distal root of P3, crowns of P4–M1, and partial alveoli for the mesiobuccal and lingual roots of M2. B. Line drawing of CGM 66005 in lateral view, showing the position of the infraorbital foramen and the orbital rim.

Fig. 2 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic placement of afrosoricid−bearing localities in the later Paleogene rocks exposed in the Fayum area, and proposed correlation of local polarity zones to the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale (GPTS), following Seiffert (2006) and Seiffert et al. (2008). Locality BQ−2, which yielded the remains of Dilambdogale gheerbranti described here, is estimated to be ~37 Ma; Quarry I, which produced remains of Qatranilestes oligocaenus, is estimated to be ~29.5–30 Ma.

Fig. 4 in The oldest and youngest records of afrosoricid placentals from the Fayum Depression of northern Egypt

Fig. 4. Lower dentition of the afrosoricid placental Dilambdogale gheerbranti gen. et sp. nov. from the earliest late Eocene (earliest Priabonian) locality BQ−2, Birket Qarun Formation, Fayum Depression, northern Egypt. A. Oblique lingual view of DPC 24081B, a right mandibular fragment preserving the alveolus for the lower canine and the crowns of p2–4. B. DPC 24103A, right mandibular fragment preserving the worn crowns of m1–3 in oblique lingual (B1) and occlusal (B2) views. C. DPC 23983C, a right mandibular fragment preserving p4–m1 in occlusal (C1) and lingual (C2) views. D. DPC 23783B, a left mandibular fragment preserving m2–3 in occlusal (D1) and lingual (D2) views. E. Occlusal view of DPC 23736A, a right mandibular fragment preserving the talonid of p4 and the complete crown of m1. F. DPC 23307H, a left m2 in occlusal view.