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63 results for “plant metabolites”
Fig. 4 in Metabolite pattern in root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Casuarina equisetifolia
Fig. 4. Growth of Frankia casuarinae strain CcI3 in BAP media with various carbon and nitrogen sources. BAP, containing 5 mM Na propionate (15 mM carbon units) as carbon source and 5 mM ammonium chloride (5 mM nitrogen units) as nitrogen source; BAP N–, BAP medium without nitrogen source; BAP C– N–, BAP medium without neither carbon nor nitrogen source; BAP C– N– + tyramine, BAP C– N– medium containing 1.875 mM tyramine (15 mM carbon units); BAP C– N– + malate, BAP C– N– medium containing 3.75 mM malate (15 mM carbon units); BAP N– + tyramine, BAP N– medium containing 5 mM tyramine (5 mM nitrogen units).
Fig. 9 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 9. Relative levels of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in 43 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 8 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 8. Sparse partial least square discriminant analysis on the 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra based on 130 volatile metabolites: (a) Score plot showing the projection of the 48 accessions Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue) on the two dimensions; (b) Selected variables representation on two dimensions on the correlation circles (0.5 and 1 correlation values). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 7. Heatmap of the 130 volatile metabolites detected in the leaves of 46 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 4. Sparse partial least square discriminant analysis on the 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra based on 936 semi-polar metabolites: (a) Score plot showing the projection of the 48 accessions from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue) on the first two dimensions; (b) Selected variables representation on two dimensions on the correlation circles (0.5 and 1 correlation values). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 5. Box plots showing the variation in relative levels of 14 annotated semi-polar metabolites in the leaves of 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra. Lower and upper box boundaries represent 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, the line inside the box is the median, lower, and upper error lines are 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. Filled circles represent outliers. Putative identities: (a) LC2540: caffeoyl-oxalosuccinate; (b) LC3607: caffeoyl-hydroxycitric acid; (c) LC3341: dihydroxy-eudesmenolide-hexoside; (d) LC2765: Icariside B8; (e) LC3830: rhamnazin-hexoside-deoxyhexoside; (f) LC3890 quercetin-3-O-rutinoside; (g) LC880: glucocapparin; (h) LC 2021: caffeoyl-citric acid; (i) LC2468: coumaroyl-glucaric acid; (j) LC2400: glucaric acid-C26H26O14 conjugate; (k) LC2749: feruloylglucaric acid; (l) LC5323: dihydroxy-eudesmanolide-hexoside.
Fig. 6 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 6. Principal component analysis score plot of relative levels of 130 volatile metabolites detected in the leaves of 46 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). The first two dimensions explaining 52.9% of the total variation are shown. 95% confidence ellipses are presented for the three regions. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 3. Heatmap of 107 significant semi-polar metabolites with high PCA loadings (>|0.7|) in 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 2. Principal component analysis score plot of relative levels of 936 semi-polar metabolites detected in the leaves of 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). The first two dimensions explaining 39.6% of the total variation are shown. 95% confidence ellipses are displayed for the three regions. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Exploring Unconventional Plant-Derived Metabolites for Glycemic Control: the Case of Pomegranate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06659523. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Data from: Effects of plant diversity on the concentration of secondary plant metabolites and the density of arthropods on focal plants in the field
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Assessing specialized metabolite diversity in the cosmopolitan plant genus Euphorbia L.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
High-value plant metabolite production in synthetic biosystems
<p><i>Ephedra sinica</i> is a high-value medicinal plant that produces important phenylpropylamino alkaloids pseudoephedrine and ephedrine. Few genomics resources exist for <i>E. </i>sinica, which has been characterized as a tetraploid with a monoploid genome size of 8.56 Gb. Here we reported a partial genome assembly of <i>E. sinica</i> (12.8 Gb) based on Illumina short-read sequencing technology at low coverage.</p>
Data from: The role of volatile plant secondary metabolites as pre-ingestive cues and potential toxins dictating diet selection by African elephants
Understanding the factors driving diet selection represents one of the main thrusts of contemporary foraging ecology. Many studies have focussed on nutritional factors and anti-nutritional factors (such as tannins) that may describe diet selection of generalist mammalian herbivores, but these often do not explain the observed feeding patterns. Alternatively, generalist herbivores may be influenced by the presence, diversity, and/or concentration of toxins. Plant volatiles have been understudied, yet may play an important role in this context. We aimed to determine whether diet selection by African elephants is better correlated with the presence and concentration of toxic plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) than with nutritional or anti-nutritional factors. We also aimed to identify the specific aspects of the plant-odour profiles that were correlated with dietary selection, which could be used as a pre-ingestive cue for food selection. We found that elephant diet selection was not well described by crude protein, in vitro digestibility, tannin concentration, and total polyphenol concentration. Instead, the best predictors of elephant diet choice were the number and absolute (total) emissions of potentially toxic volatile PSMs, specifically monoterpenes. Elephants avoided plant species that emitted a wider diversity of volatile PSMs, had higher total emissions, and higher numbers and emissions of monoterpenes. This suggests that PSMs with a high propensity to become toxins, such as monoterpenes, are likely a better indicator for elephant diet avoidance than nutritional or anti-nutritional factors. Moreover, we demonstrated that elephants can differentiate between food items based on odour alone, specifically volatile monoterpenes, suggesting that these animals are relying on specific volatile cues emitted from plants to direct their foraging choices prior to ingesting selected plants.
Figure 2 from: Li J, Li J, Jiang N (2024) Morphology and phylogeny of Cytospora (Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Tibet, China. In: Wijayawardene N, Karunarathna S, Fan X-L, Li Q-R (Eds) Taxonomy and secondary metabolites of wood-associated fungi. MycoKeys 104: 51-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.113567
Figure 2 Cytospora myricicola (CAF800083, holotype) A, B canker disease symptom C conidioma D transverse section through a conidioma E longitudinal section through a conidioma F conidiophores and conidia G, H conidia. Scale bars: 2000 µm (B); 1000 µm (C, D); 500 µm (E); 10 µm (F–H).
Figure 1 from: Li J, Li J, Jiang N (2024) Morphology and phylogeny of Cytospora (Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Tibet, China. In: Wijayawardene N, Karunarathna S, Fan X-L, Li Q-R (Eds) Taxonomy and secondary metabolites of wood-associated fungi. MycoKeys 104: 51-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.113567
Figure 1 Maximum Likelihood tree generated from combined ITS, act, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequence data. Bootstrap support values ≥ 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 are demonstrated at the branches. Ex-type cultures are marked with (*).
Figure 4 from: Li J, Li J, Jiang N (2024) Morphology and phylogeny of Cytospora (Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Tibet, China. In: Wijayawardene N, Karunarathna S, Fan X-L, Li Q-R (Eds) Taxonomy and secondary metabolites of wood-associated fungi. MycoKeys 104: 51-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.113567
Figure 4 Cytospora sibiraeicola (CAF800084, holotype) A, B canker disease symptom C conidioma D transverse section through a conidioma E longitudinal section through a conidioma F conidiophores and conidia G, H conidia. Scale bars: 2000 µm (B); 1000 µm (C–E); 10 µm (F–H).
Figure 3 from: Li J, Li J, Jiang N (2024) Morphology and phylogeny of Cytospora (Cytosporaceae, Diaporthales) species associated with plant cankers in Tibet, China. In: Wijayawardene N, Karunarathna S, Fan X-L, Li Q-R (Eds) Taxonomy and secondary metabolites of wood-associated fungi. MycoKeys 104: 51-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.113567
Figure 3 Cytospora populina (CAF800085) A, B canker disease symptom C ascostromata D transverse section through an ascostroma E asci and Ascospores F ascospores. Scale bars: 2000 µm (B); 500 µm (C); 200 µm (D); = 10 µm (E–F).
Soil chemistry determines whether defensive plant secondary metabolites promote or suppress herbivore growth
<p><span>Plant secondary (or specialized) metabolites mediate important interactions in both the rhizosphere and the phyllosphere. If and how such compartmentalized functions interact to determine plant-environment interactions is not well understood. Here, we investigated how the dual role of maize benzoxazinoids as leaf defenses and root siderophores shapes the interaction between maize and a major global insect pest, the fall armyworm. We find that benzoxazinoids suppress fall armyworm growth when plants are grown in soils with very low available iron but enhance growth in soils with higher available iron. Manipulation experiments confirm that benzoxazinoids suppress herbivore growth under iron-deficient conditions and in the presence of chelated iron, but enhance herbivore growth in the presence of free iron in the growth medium. This reversal of the protective effect of benzoxazinoids is not associated with major changes in plant primary metabolism. Plant defense activation is modulated by the interplay between soil iron and benzoxazinoids but does not explain fall armyworm performance. Instead, increased iron supply to the fall armyworm by benzoxazinoids in the presence of free iron enhances larval performance. This work identifies soil chemistry as a decisive factor for the impact of plant secondary metabolites on herbivore growth. It also demonstrates how the multifunctionality of plant secondary metabolites drives interactions between abiotic and biotic factors, with potential consequences for plant resistance in variable environments. </span></p>
Fig. 6 in Bioactive metabolites from the desert plant-associated endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum (Chaetomiaceae)
Fig. 6. Possible biosynthesis of 1.
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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