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75 results for “plant protection”
Not Only Systemin Prosystemin Harbors Other Active Regions Able to Protect Tomato Plants
<p>Prosystemin is a 200-amino acid precursor expressed in Solanaceae plants which releases at the C-terminal part a peptidic hormone called Systemin in response to wounding and herbivore attack. We recently showed that Prosystemin is not only a mere scaffold of Systemin but, even when deprived of Systemin, is biologically active. These results, combined with recent discoveries that Prosystemin is an intrinsically disordered protein containing disordered regions within its sequence, prompted us to investigate the N-terminal portions of the precursor, which contribute to the greatest disorder within the sequence. To this aim, PS1-70 and PS1-120 were designed, produced, and structurally and functionally characterized. Both the fragments, which maintained their intrinsic disorder, were able to induce defense-related genes and to protect tomato plants against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> larvae. Intriguingly, the biological activity of each of the two N-terminal fragments and of Systemin is similar but not quite the same and does not show any toxicity on experimental non-targets considered. These regions account for different anti-stress activities conferred to tomato plants by their overexpression. The two N-terminal fragments identified in this study may represent new promising tools for sustainable crop protection.</p>
Figure 3 in Bird-plant interaction networks in native forests and eucalyptus plantations within a protected area
Figure 3. Comparison of the number of interactions between frugivorous birds and plants between native forest and eucalyptus plantation in the PEIT. (a): Fecal samples interactions (P-value = 0.83, W = 3.5); (b): Focal observation interactions (P-value = 0.99, W = 4.0).
Figure 2 in Bird-plant interaction networks in native forests and eucalyptus plantations within a protected area
Figure 2. Interaction networks between frugivorous birds and zoochoric plants, according to the focal observations of birds in both sampled habitats. The circles represent the plant species, and the species of birds are represented by triangles. The acronyms in the center of the figures are the scientific names of the species (Supplementary material 1). The thickness of the links (lines) is related to the connectivity between each species (the thicker the line, the more records this interaction had). Each color represents a cluster of species that are more connected within each other than with between species from other clusters due to its modularity (Q). (a): Fragments of native forest; (b): Fragments of eucalyptus plantation.
Figure 1 in Bird-plant interaction networks in native forests and eucalyptus plantations within a protected area
Figure 1. Interaction networks between frugivorous birds and zoochoric plants, according to the fecal samples of birds in the understory of the two sampled habitats. The circles represent the plant species, and the triangles are representing the species of birds. The acronyms in the center of the figures are the scientific names of the species (Supplementary material 1). The thickness of the links (lines) is related to the connectivity between each species (the thicker the line, the more records this interaction had). Each color represents a cluster of species that are more connected within each other than with species from other clusters due to its modularity (Q). (a): F fragments of native forest; (b): Fragments of eucalyptus plantation.
Metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors to protect plants against viral-induced cellular damage
<p>The dataset contains all the original raw files for the following study:</p> <p><strong>Metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors </strong><strong>to protect plants against viral-induced cellular damage</strong></p> <p>Marion Clavel<sup>1,2,*</sup>, Anita Bianchi<sup>1</sup>, Roksolana Kobylinska<sup>1</sup>, Roan Groh<sup>1,3</sup>, Juncai Ma<sup>4</sup>, Ranjith K. Papareddy<sup>1</sup>, Nenad Grujic<sup>1</sup>, Lorenzo Picchianti<sup>1,3</sup>, Ethan Stewart<sup>5</sup>, Michael Schutzbier<sup>1</sup>, Karel Stejskal<sup>1</sup>, Juan Carlos de la Concepcion<sup>1</sup>, Victor Sanchez de Medina Hernandez<sup>1,3</sup>, Yoav Voichek<sup>1</sup>, Pieter Clauw<sup>1</sup><strong>, </strong>Joanna Gunis<sup>1</sup>, Gerhard Durnberger<sup>1</sup>, Jens Christian Muelders<sup>2</sup>, Annett Grimm<sup>2</sup>, Arthur Sedivy<sup>5</sup>, Mathieu Erhardt<sup>6</sup>, Victoria Vyboishchikov<sup>1</sup>, Peng Gao<sup>1</sup>, Esther Lechner<sup>6</sup>, Emilie Vantard<sup>6</sup>, Jakub Jez<sup>5</sup>, Elisabeth Roitinger<sup>1</sup>, Pascal Genschik<sup>6</sup>, Byung-Ho Kang<sup>4</sup>, Yasin Dagdas<sup>1,*</sup></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Affiliations</strong></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</p> <p><sup>4</sup>School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China</p> <p><sup>5</sup>Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria</p> <p><sup>6</sup>Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France</p> <p> </p> <p>*Correspondence: Marion Clavel (marion.clavel@mpimp-golm.mpg.de),</p> <p> Yasin Dagdas (yasin.dagdas@gmi.oeaw.ac.at)</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>RNA viruses co-opt the host endomembrane system and organelles to build replication complexes for infection. How the host responds to these membrane perturbations is poorly understood. Here, we explore the autophagic response of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> to three viruses that hijack different cellular compartments. Autophagy is significantly induced within systemically infected tissues, its disruption rendering plants highly sensitive to infection. Contrary to being an antiviral defense mechanism as previously suggested, quantitative analyses of the viral loads established autophagy as a tolerance pathway. Further analysis of one of these viruses, the Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV) that hijack mitochondria, showed that despite perturbing mitochondrial integrity, TCV does not trigger a typical mitophagy response. Instead, TCV and Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) infection activates a distinct selective autophagy mechanism, where oligomeric metabolic enzymes moonlight as selective autophagy receptors and degrade key executors of defense and cell death such as EDS1. Altogether, our study reveals an autophagy-regulated metabolic rheostat that gauges cellular integrity during viral infection and degrades cell death executors to avoid catastrophic amplification of immune signaling.</p> <p> </p> <p>One archive corresponds to one main or supplemental figure.</p>
Fig. 2 in Assessment of barrier materials to protect plants from Florida leatherleaf slug (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Veronicellidae)
Fig. 2. Microscopic views (40×) of (A) diatomaceous earth, and (B) fumed silica.
Delivering metribuzin from biodegradable nanocarriers: Assessing herbicidal effects for soybean plant protection and weed control
<p>The data presents the indicators of soybean and soil health after metribuzin biodegradable nanocarriers and conventional metribuzin. Besides, the uptake and distribution of metribuzin in soil and weed plants (Amaranthus retroflexus) were associated with weed control evaluations.</p>
Data from: Protection of pepper plants from drought by microbacterium sp. 3J1 by modulation of the plant's glutamine and α-ketoglutarate content: a comparative metabolomics approach
<p><span>Desiccation-tolerant plants are able to survive for extended periods of time in the absence of water. The molecular understanding of the mechanisms used by these plants to resist droughts can be of great value for improving drought tolerance in crops. This understanding is especially relevant in an environment that tends to increase the number and intensity of droughts. The combination of certain microorganisms with drought-sensitive plants can improve their tolerance to water scarcity. One of these bacteria is <i>Microbacterium </i>sp. 3J1, an actinobacteria able to protect pepper plants from drought. In this study, we supplemented drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plant rhizospheres with <i>Microbacterium</i> sp. 3J1 and analyzed their proteomes under drought to investigate the plant-microbe interaction. We also compare this root proteome with the proteome found in desiccation-tolerant plants. In addition, we studied the proteome of <i>Microbacterium</i> sp. 3J1 subjected to drought to analyze its contribution to the plant-microbe interaction. We describe those mechanisms shared by desiccation-tolerant plants and sensitive plants protected by microorganisms focusing on protection against oxidative stress, and production of compatible solutes, plant hormones, and other more specific proteins.</span></p>
Hotspots of (sub)alpine plants in the Irano-Anatolian Global Biodiversity Hotspot are insufficiently protected
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The mountainous regions in SW Asia harbours a high number of endemic species, many of which are restricted to the high-elevation zone. The (sub)alpine habitats of the region are under particular threat due to global change, but their biodiversity hotspots and conservation status have not been investigated so far.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Subalpine-alpine habitats of SW Asia</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Distribution data of all (sub)alpine vascular plant species of the region was compiled, resulting in 19,680 localities from 1672 (sub)alpine species, the majority of them being restricted to the region (76%). Six quantitative indices of species diversity were used on the basis of 0.5°×0.5° grid cells to identify (sub)alpine hotspots. Hotspots whose surface area in the (sub)alpine zone was covered by nature reserves maximally by 10% were defined as conservation gaps.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: A high proportion (80%) of the endemic species of the study area is range-restricted and narrowly distributed. The results of all six indices were highly correlated. Using the top 5%, 10% and 20% richest cells supported by any index, 32, 53 and 98 cells, respectively, were identified as Hotspots. Almost 60% of these Hotspots at all three levels were identified as unprotected (i.e., constituted Conservation Gaps). Generally, only 22%, 18% and 16%, respectively, of the alpine surface area of the identified Hotspots were covered by nature reserves for the top 5%, 10% and 20% richest cells, respectively. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Although the rate of protection in (sub)alpine Hotspots exceeds that of the entire region it is still insufficient, because these Hotspots are much richer in endemic and in range-restricted species, but at the same time are under high pressure of global change. Therefore, the establishment of new nature reserves with high conservation efficiency in (sub)alpine habitats with a particular focus on the identified Hotspots is strongly recommended.</p>
Grazer host density mediates the ability of parasites to protect foundational plants from overgrazing
<p>Like many top consumers, parasites can regulate feeding of their prey via trait-mediated means. If parasites modify the feeding behavior of ecologically important grazers, they may have cascading effects on the structure and functioning of whole plant communities. The extent to which parasites can influence plant communities in this way is largely dependent on the strength of their behavioral alteration, their prevalence in host grazers, and the density of those hosts. Recent experiments and comparative surveys in southeastern USA salt marshes revealed that common larval trematode parasites suppress the per capita grazing impacts of the marsh periwinkle (<em>Littoraria</em> <em>irrorata</em>), generating a trophic cascade that protects foundational marsh plants from drought-associated overgrazing. Here, we conducted a field manipulation wherein we modified grazer host density while holding infection prevalence constant at an ecologically relevant level (20%) to determine whether the indirect, facilitative effects of parasites on marsh plants varied with the density of grazers. We found that parasites had significant positive impacts on marsh net primary productivity at moderate densities of snails (≥50 snails/ 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>), but that the positive effects of parasites were negligible at lower densities. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies that parasites can protect marsh plants from overgrazing at sufficiently high prevalence but show that their ability to do so depends on host density.</p>
Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and important plant areas
<p>Successful protected area networks must represent biodiversity across taxonomic groups. However, too often plant species are overlooked in conservation planning, and the resulting protected areas may, as a result, fail to encompass the most important sites for plant diversity. The Mozambique Tropical Important Plant Areas project sought to promote the conservation of Mozambique's flora through the identification of Important Plant Areas (IPAs). Here, we use the Weighted Endemism including Global Endangerment (WEGE) index to identify the richest areas for rare and endemic plants in Mozambique and subsequently evaluate how well represented these hotspots are within the current protected area and IPA networks. We also examine the congruence between IPA and protected areas to identify opportunities for strengthening the conservation of plants in Mozambique. We found that high WEGE scores, representing areas rich in endemic/near‐endemic and threatened species, predict the presence of IPAs in Mozambique, but do not predict the presence of protected areas. We also find that there is limited overlap between IPAs and protected areas in Mozambique. We demonstrate how IPAs could be an important tool for ensuring priority sites for plant diversity are included within protected area network expansions, particularly following the adoption of the "30 by 30" target agreed within the post‐2020 Convention on Biological Diversity framework, with great potential for this method to be replicated elsewhere in the global tropics.</p>
Spatial patterns of phylogenetic and species diversity of Fennoscandian vascular plants in protected areas
<p>Protected areas are one of the main strategic means for conserving biodiversity. Yet, the design of protected areas usually neglects phylogenetic diversity, an important diversity measure. In this paper, we assess the phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants in Fennoscandian protected areas. We evaluate how much species richness and phylogenetic diversity is found within and outside protected areas, and the differences in diversity between different categories of protected areas. We also assess the differences in the diversity-area relationship of the different protected area categories in terms of both species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We build a multi-locus phylogeny of 1,519 native vascular plants of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We estimate the phylogenetic diversity and species richness by combining the phylogeny with publicly available occurrence data and the currently protected area system of Fennoscandia. Our results indicate that protected areas in Fennoscandia hold more diversity when larger, and that phylogenetic diversity increases faster with area than species richness. We found evidence for more diversity outside of protected areas of the different countries of Fennoscandia than inside of protected areas, but no evidence for diversity differences between areas with different protection status. Hence, our results indicate that the current protected area system in Fennoscandia is no more effective in conserving phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants than a random selection of localities. Our results also indicate that planning conservation strategies around phylogenetic diversity, rather than species richness, might be more effective in protecting vascular plant diversity.</p>
Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
<ol> <li>Large terrestrial herbivorous mammals (LTH-mammals) influence plant community structure by affecting seedling establishment in mature tropical forests. Many of these LTH-mammals frequent secondary forests, but their effects on seedling establishment in them are understudied, hindering our understanding of how LTH-mammals influence forest regeneration in human-modified landscapes.</li> <li>We tested the hypothesis that the strength of LTH-mammals' effects on seedling establishment depends on landscape protection, forest successional stage, and plant species' traits using a manipulative field experiment in six 1-ha sites with varying successional age and landscape protection. In each site, we established forty seedling plot-pairs, with one plot excluding LTH-mammals and one not, and monitored seedlings of 116 woody species for 26 months.</li> <li>We found significant effects of LTH-mammal exclusion on seedling survival contingent upon the protection of forests at the landscape level and forest stage. After 26 months, survival differences between LTH-mammal exclusion and non-exclusion treatments were greater in protected than unprotected landscapes. Additionally, plant species' traits were related to the LTH-mammals' differential effects, as LTH-mammals reduced the survival of seedlings of larger-seeded species the most. Overall, LTH-mammals' effects translated into significant shifts in community composition as seedling communities inside and outside the exclosures diverged. Moreover, lower density and higher species diversity were found as early as 12 and 18 months outside than inside exclosures.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Insight into the interactions between LTH-mammals and seedling communities in forest regeneration can be instrumental in planning effective restoration efforts. We highlight the importance of landscape protection in seedling survival and the role of LTH-mammals in promoting seedling diversity in mature forests but also in secondary successional forests. The findings suggest that conservation efforts and possibly trophic rewilding can be important approaches for preserving diversity and influencing the trajectory of secondary tropical forest succession. However, we also caution that an overabundance of LTH-mammals may adversely impact the pace of forest succession due to their preference for large-seeded species. Therefore, a comprehensive wildlife management plan is indispensable. Additionally, longer-term studies on LTH-mammals are necessary to understand the effects of temporal fluctuations that are undetected in short-term studies.</li> </ol>
Mucilage-binding to ground protects seeds of many plants from harvester ants: a functional investigation
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Hotspots of (sub)alpine plants in the Irano-Anatolian Global Biodiversity Hotspot are insufficiently protected
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Data from: Plant protection services mediated by extrafloral nectaries decline with aridity but are not influenced by chronic anthropogenic disturbance in Brazilian Caatinga
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Data from: Expected spatial patterns of alien woody plants in South Africa’s protected areas under current scenario of climate change
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Data from: Protection of pepper plants from drought by microbacterium sp. 3J1 by modulation of the plant's glutamine and α-ketoglutarate content: a comparative metabolomics approach
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Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and important plant areas
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Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.