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opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Data from: Chromosome-level genome assembly of Paralithodes platypus provides insights into evolution and adaptation of king crabs

The blue king crab, Paralithodes platypus, which belongs to the Lithodidae family, is a commercially and ecologically important species. However, a high-quality reference genome for the king crab has not yet been reported. Here, we assembled the first chromosome-level blue king crab genome, which contains 104 chromosomes and an N50 length of 51.15 Mb. Furthermore, we determined that the large genome size can be attributed to the insertion of long interspersed nuclear elements and long tandem repeats. Genome assembly assessment showed that 96.54% of the assembled transcripts could be aligned to the assembled genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed the blue king crab to have a close relationship with the Eubrachyura crabs, from which it diverged 272.5 million years ago. Population history analyses indicated that the effective population of the blue king crab declined sharply and then gradually increased from the Cretaceous and Neogene periods, respectively. Furthermore, gene families related to developmental pathways, steroid and thyroid hormone synthesis, and inflammatory regulation, were expanded in the genome, suggesting that these genes contributed substantially to the environmental adaptation and unique body plan evolution of the blue king crab. The high-quality reference genome reported here provides a solid molecular basis for further study of the blue king crab's development and environmental adaptation.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Health condition data for Platypus from New South Wales and Victoria

Platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) inhabit the permanent rivers and creeks of eastern Australia, from north Queensland to Tasmania, but are experiencing multiple and synergistic anthropogenic threats. Baseline information of health is vital for effective monitoring of populations but is currently sparse for mainland platypuses. Focusing on six hematology and serum chemistry metrics as indicators of health and nutrition (packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and triglycerides), we investigated their variation across the species' range and across seasons. We analyzed 259 samples collected from platypuses in three river catchments in New South Wales and Victoria. Health metrics significantly varied across the species' range, with platypuses from the most northerly catchment, having lower levels of PCV, albumin and triglycerides, potentially reflecting thermal stress. The Snowy River showed significant seasonal patterns which varied between the sexes and coincided with differential reproductive stressors. Male creatinine and triglyceride levels were significantly lower than females, suggesting that reproduction is energetically more taxing on males. Age specific differences were also found, with juvenile PCV and TP levels significantly lower than adults. Additionally, the commonly used body condition index (tail volume index) was only negatively correlated with urea, and triglyceride levels. A meta-analysis of available literature <a>did not reveal any significant latitudinal relationship</a>, but this was confounded by variation in sampling times which is not commonly reported. We provide the first reference intervals of hematology and blood chemistry for mainland platypus, highlighting the importance of considering seasonal variation, enabling future assessments of individual and population health.

Fig. 4.—A in The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future

Fig. 4.—A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of Obdurodon dicksoni from Middle Miocene sediments in the Riversleigh World Heritage area (left image, dorsal view, micro-CT image courtesy T. Rowe, the University of Texas; right image, ventral view, photo Ross Arnett). B) Dentition of O. dicksoni (upper two rows) and Obdurodon insignis (bottom row—Archer et al. 1993). C) A right upper molar (RM2) of Monotrematum sudamericanum (left) compared with a slightly damaged RM2 (right) of O. dicksoni (Pascual et al. 1992b). D) Left dentary fragment with LM1-3, of Steropodon galmani (photo by John Field—Archer et al. 1985). E) Three views of a lower right dentary fragment with RM1-3 of Kollikodon ritchiei. F) Upper left maxillary fragment with LP4 to M4 of K. Ritchie (photo by John Field). G) Right humerus of Kryoryctes cadburyi (photo by Steven Morton—Pridmore et al. 2005). H) Left dentary of Teinolophos trusleri retaining one premolar (of four) and four (of five) molars (composition reconstruction by Peter Trusler—Rich et al. 2016).

Fig. 5 in The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future

Fig. 5.—Long-term decline in geographic distribution and species' diversity in monotremes and their early descendants. Cretaceous monotremes probably occurred throughout much of eastern Gondwana. By the early Paleocene, ornithorhynchids were geographically as widespread across Gondwana as Patagonia in southern South America. By the late Oligocene/Miocene (25–15 Mya), at least three ornithorhynchids occurred across the continent of Australia but none survived on other continents. Today, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) maintains an even more restricted area, the river systems of eastern Australia (modified after Archer 1995; Steropodon image by Peter Schouten; Monotrematum image by James McKinnon—Archer 1995; Obdurodon image by Peter Schouten—Pian et al. 2013; Ornithorhynchus artwork by Rod Scott, Australian Geographic Magazine).

Fig. 1.—A in The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future

Fig. 1.—A platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus returning back to the Upper Tarago River in Victoria, Australia after having been measured and tagged. Photo by Doug Gimesy.

Fig. 2 in The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future

Fig. 2.—Distribution of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) based on 11,830 records from Australian state government fauna atlases and the Atlas of Living Australia (www.ala.org.au) between 1760 and 2017.

Fig. 3 in The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future

Fig. 3.—The number of peer-reviewed publications (gray fill, n = 404) on the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) grouped by year (1960–2017) and stratified by the top ten research areas (color bars) in the Web of Science database with "Ornithorhynchus anatinus" in either title, abstract, keywords, or keywords plus (https://www.isiknowledge.com).

opennotspecifiedMay 2023View details →

FIGURE 1 in First record of two ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) and Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Platypodinae) in Mainland China

FIGURE 1. Locations of two ambrosia beetle were collected in this study. Locations where P. koryoensis was recorded are marked yellow, P. quercivorus was recorded are marked green. (A) P. koryoensis male, (B) P. koryoensis female, (C) P. quercivorus male, (D) P. quercivorus female. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

publicNov 2021View details →

Health condition data for Platypus from New South Wales and Victoria

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