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FIGURE 3 in Pollen and seed micro-morphology of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) in Iran

FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Iranian Polygala species:—P. monspeliaca: A) equatorial view of a whole grain; B) polar and equatorial views of three pollen grains; C) details of apertures and gibbous operculums—P. platyptera: D) intermediate view of a whole grain showing gibbous, reticulate opercula; E) polar view of a whole grain showing 11 apertures; F) details of aperture and operculum—P. hohenackeriana: G) Polar and equatorial view of 2 grains; H) Details of three colpi and gibbous, rugulate opercula; I) polar view of grain showing gemmas in luminas at apocolpium area; J) gemmas in apocolpium area—P. anatolica: K) polar and equatorial view of a whole grain showing verrucate ornamentation on apocolpium; L) intermediate view of a whole pollen grain.

FIGURE 2 in Pollen and seed micro-morphology of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) in Iran

FIGURE 2. LM micrographs of pollen grains of Iranian Polygala species—P. monspeliaca: A) polar view; B) equatorial view of whole grain showing 5 colpi and apocolpium area—P. platyptera: C) equatorial view of whole grain showing large gibbous operculums; D) polar view of whole grain showing 11 apertures—P. hohenackeriana: E) equatorial view of whole grain; F) polar view of whole grain showing 11 apertures—P. anatolica: G) equatorial view of whole grain showing large luminas on both polar areas; H) polar view of the whole grain showing 12 apertures—P. mazandaranica: I) equatorial view of whole grain showing endocingulum at the middle of grain; J) polar view of whole grain showing large lumina on apocolpium; K) polar view of a whole pollen showing 11 colpi—P. erioptera: L) equatorial view of a whole pollen; M) one equatorial and two intermediates view of three pollen grains; N) Three pollen grains showing 20 colpi.

FIGURE 1 in Pollen and seed micro-morphology of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) in Iran

FIGURE 1. Map of sampling localities of Polygala species included in the present study (red signs). A) P. anatolica; B) P. platyptera; C) P. mazandaranica; D) P. hohenackeriana; E) P. monspeliaca; F) P. erioptera.

FIGURE 5 in Pollen and seed micro-morphology of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) in Iran

FIGURE 5. Seeds of examined species. A) P. monspeliaca; B) P. anatolica; C) P. mazandaranica; D) P. hohenackeriana; E) P. erioptera; F) P. platyptera.

FIGURE 4 in Pollen and seed micro-morphology of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) in Iran

FIGURE 4. SEM micrographs of pollen grains. P. anatolica: M) details of aperture and psilate surface sculpture—P. mazandaranica: N) equatorial view of a whole grain showing psilate ornamentation (arrow shows a ramification of two colpi); O) polar view of a whole grain showing verrucate apocolpium—P. erioptera: P) equatorial view of a whole grain (arrows show contraction in apocolpium); Q) equatorial view of grain (arrow shows a ramification of two colpi); R) details of aperture, psilate surface ornamentation and gibbous opercula; S) polar view of two grains showing micro-perforated apocolpium; T) close-up of apocolpium area with micro-perforate ornamentation.

FIGURE 17. Pollen. A–D in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 17. Pollen. A–D. Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785). A. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements partially forming a net. B. Details of the exine elements. C. Details of the slightly flat muri. D. View of the reticulum. E–F. Cryptanthus beuckeri (Leme 7341). E. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. F. Details of the muri. G–H. C. argyrophyllus (Leme 4872). G. Details of the muri. H. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. I–J. C. bromelioides (Leme 016-B). I. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. J. Details of the muri. K. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus of Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). L–N. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus of Orthocryptanthus. L. O. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). M. O. santaritensis (Leme 8945). N. O. arcanus (Leme 9093). Bars = 10 µm (A, D–F, H, I, K–N). Bars = 5 µm (B, C, G, J) (SEM photos: H. Halbritter).

PLATE 4 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

PLATE 4. SEM micrographs of pollen in Astragalus L. (polar view, colpus view and surface ornamentation), (a–c) A. hostilis Boiss. (d–f) A. kuramensis Baker (g–i) A. psilacanthus Boiss. (j–l) A. purpurascens Bunge (m–o) A. stocksii Bunge

PLATE 2 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

PLATE 2. Pollen LM micrographs of Astragalus L. PV= polar view; EV= equatorial view (a-b) A. amherstianus Benth. (PV-EV), (c- d) A. auganus Bunge (PV-EV), (e-f) A. brahuicus Bunge (PV-EV), (g-h) A. chorizanthus Rech.f. & Gilli (PV-EV), (i-j) A. commixtus Bunge (PV-EV), (k-l) A. hostilis Boiss. (PV-EV), (m-n) A. kuramensis Baker (PV-EV), (o-p) A. psilacanthus Boiss. (PV-EV), (q-r) A. purpurascens Bunge (PV-EV), (s-t) A. stocksii Bunge (PV-EV). Scale bar= 40X

FIGURE 13 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

FIGURE 13. Dendrogram showing the relationship of Astragalus L. species based on palynological data (taxa according to Table 1).

FIGURE 12 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

FIGURE 12. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) biplot of Astragalus L. species based on palynological data (taxa according to Table 1).

FIGURE 11 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

FIGURE 11. Principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plot of Astragalus L. species based on palynological data (taxa according to Table 1).

PLATE 1 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

PLATE 1. Field photographs of Astragalus L. taxa. (a) A. amherstianus Benth. (b) A. auganus Bunge (c) A. brahuicus Bunge (d) A. chorizanthus Rech.f. & Gilli (e) A. commixtus Bunge (f) A. hostilis Boiss. (g) A. kurramensis Baker (h) A. psilacanthus Boiss. (i) A. purpurascens Bunge (j) A. stocksii Bunge.

FIGURE 1 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

FIGURE 1. Study area map and grid system showing in blue the regions where plant specimens were collected with reddish star.

PLATE 3 in Systematic significance of pollen morphology in rare endemic taxa of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)

PLATE 3. SEM micrographs of pollen in Astragalus L. (polar view, colpus view and surface ornamentation), (a-c) A. amherstianus Benth. (d-f) A. auganus Bunge (g-i) A. brahuicus Bunge (j-l) A. chorizanthus Rech.f. & Gilli (m-o) A. commixtus Bunge

FIGURE 7 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 7. Cluster dendrogram of Hyacinthella taxa and Muscari azureum based on pollen morphological data.

FIGURE 8 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 8. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scatter plot of the first two axes for the quantitative pollen morphological features of Hyacinthella taxa and Muscari azureum.

FIGURE 5 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 5. SEM microphotographs of Hyacinthella pollen. a–e H. acutiloba, f–j H. campanulata, k–o H. glabrescens, p–t H. heldreichii, u–y H. hispida, z–Ad H. lazulina. a–f–k–p–u–z Equatorial view, b–g–l–q–v–Aa Ornamentation in equatorial view, c–h–m–r–w–Ab Polardistal view, d–I–n–s–x–Ac Ornamentation in polar-distal view, e–j–o–t–y–Ad Polar-proximal view. Scale bars, 5 µm (a,c,e,f,h,j,k,m,o,p,r,t,u,v,w,y,z,Ab,Ad), 1 µm (b,d,g,I,l,n,q,s,v,x,Aa,Ac).

FIGURE 6 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 6. SEM microphotographs of Hyacinthella and Muscari azureum pollen. a–e H. lineata, f–j H. micrantha, k–o H. nervosa, p–t H. siirtensis, u–y H. venusta, z–Ad M. azureum. a–f–k–p–u–z Equatorial view, b–g–l–q–v–Aa Ornamentation in equatorial view, c–h–m–r–w–Ab Polar–distal view, d–I–n–s–x–Ac Ornamentation in polar distal view, e–j–o–t–y–Ad Polar-proximal view. Scale bars, 5 µm (a,c,e,f,h,j,k,m,o,p,r,t,u,v,w,y,z,Ab,Ad), 1 µm (b,d,g,I,l,n,q,s,v,x,Aa,Ac).

FIGURE 4 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 4. LM microphotographs of Hyacinthella and Muscari azureum pollen. a–c H. nervosa, d–f H. siirtensis, g–I H. venusta, j–l M. azureum. a–d–g–j Polar-distal view, b–e–h–k Ornamentation in polar-proximal view with, c–f–I–l Aperture in polar distal view (Scale bar: 10µm).

FIGURE 3 in Pollen morphology of the genus Hyacinthella (Asparagaceae) and Muscari azureum in Türkiye

FIGURE 3. LM microphotographs of Hyacinthella pollen. a–c H. hispida, d–f H. lazulina, g–I H. lineata, j–l H. micrantha. a–d–g–j Polar-distal view, b–e–h–k Ornamentation in polar-proximal view with, c–f–I–l Aperture in polar-distal view (Scale bar: 10µm).