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40 results for “pollination limitation”
Limited phenological and pollinator-mediated isolation among selfing and outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata populations
<p>Transitions from outcrossing to selfing have been a frequent evolutionary shift in plants and clearly play a role in species divergence. However, many questions remain about the initial mechanistic basis of reproductive isolation during the evolution of selfing. For instance, how important are pre-zygotic pre-pollination mechanisms (e.g. changes in phenology and pollinator visitation) in maintaining reproductive isolation between newly arisen selfing populations and their outcrossing ancestors? To test whether changes in phenology and pollinator visitation isolate selfing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata from outcrossing populations, we conducted a common garden experiment with plants from selfing and outcrossing populations as well as their between-population hybrids. Specifically, we asked whether there was isolation between outcrossing and selfing plants and their between-population hybrids through differences in (1) the timing or intensity of flowering; and/or (2) pollinator visitation. We found that phenology largely overlapped between plants from outcrossing and selfing populations. There were also no differences in pollinator preference related to mating system. Additionally, pollinators preferred to visit flowers on the same plant rather than exploring nearby plants, creating a large opportunity for self-fertilization. Overall, this suggests that pre-zygotic pre-pollination mechanisms do not strongly reproductively isolate plants from selfing and outcrossing populations of Arabidopsis lyrata.</p>
Data from: Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle
<p>Intact interactions between plants and pollinators are essential for the reproduction of pollinator-dependent plant species. Global change factors, such as climate change, have the potential to disrupt these interactions and subsequently impair pollination service. This disruption can result in insufficient pollen receipt for plants and lower their reproduction success. High latitude sites experience particularly rapid climate change and plants at these locations are expected to be vulnerable to lower reproductive success due to pollen limitation. Pollen supplementation experiments, which assess the degree to which plant reproduction is pollen limited, have been conducted across the globe but are rare in high latitude regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we experimentally investigated the pollinator dependence and magnitude of pollen limitation in eight plant species north the Arctic Circle in Lapland, Finland. Our findings show that all plant species were pollinator dependent, but not pollen limited. We discuss several mechanisms that might buffer our focal plants from pollen limitation. Our results demonstrate that many plant species north of the Arctic Circle are currently receiving adequate pollinator service and provide a baseline for future comparisons of pollinator dependence and pollen limitation in the Arctic across species and time.</p>
Data from: High-elevation range limit of an annual herb is neither caused nor reinforced by declining pollinator service
1. Pollination failure has been proposed to be an important determinant of plant species' range limits, if pollinator activity declines along an environmental gradient, directly limiting plant populations, or if plant populations decline along an environmental gradient and subsequently fail to attract sufficient visitation. Both mechanisms predict reduced pollinator visitation, increased pollen limitation, and decreased seed production towards range limits, and the first additionally predicts declining pollinator abundance independent of any particular plant species. However, many self-compatible species have some capacity for autonomous self-fertilization, which may buffer reproductive success from declining pollinator visitation if inbreeding depression is mild. Thus pollinator-mediated limits may also predict selection for reduced reliance on pollinators towards range limits. 2. We tested these predictions towards the high-elevation limit of the self-compatible, bumble bee (Bombus) pollinated Rhinanthus minor, along two elevation transects in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. 3. Bombus abundance was highest at mid- (range-centre) and high-elevation (range limit) sites, so declining pollinator abundance is unlikely to impose high-elevation limits for bumble bee pollinated species in this area. 4. Flowers per plant and per m2 declined at upper range limits, potentially rendering edge populations less attractive. However, visitation rate did not decline towards the range limit at either transect. Stigmatic pollen receipt declined with increasing elevation, but seed set did not, nor did outcross pollen supplementation increase seed set at any site. 5. Investment in floral attractiveness (corolla area/ovary area) increased towards range limits, but capacity for high-quality autonomous seed set and adult inbreeding coefficients inferred from genetic markers were uniformly high, suggesting frequent self-fertilization and weak inbreeding depression throughout the range. 6. Synthesis We found no evidence for pollination failure towards the upper range limit of R. minor. Moreover, unlike some species with a capacity for autogamy, autonomous selfing makes a major contribution to R. minor's mating system and demography, and likely buffers reproductive success from stochasticity in pollination. Continued investment in floral attractiveness despite high autonomous selfing suggests some evolutionary benefit to pollinator-mediated outcrossing, rather than ecological benefits via increasing seed quantity or quality. Given that >50% of angiosperms are self-compatible, the reproductive assurance provided by selfing may reduce the importance of pollination in limiting plant distributions compared to other biotic interactions.
Reduced pollinator service in small populations of Arabidopsis lyrata at its southern range limit
<p>Even though a high fraction of angiosperm plants depend on animal pollinators for sexual reproduction, little is known how pollinator service changes across the ranges of plant species' and whether it may contribute to range limits. Here, we tested for variation in pollinator service in the North American Arabidopsis lyrata from its southern to northern range edge and evaluated the driving mechanisms. We monitored insect pollinators using time-lapse cameras in 13 populations over two years and spotted 67 pollinating insect taxa, indicating the generalist nature of this plant-pollinator system. Pollinator service was highest at intermediate local flower densities and higher in large compared to small plant populations. Southern populations had generally smaller population sizes, and visitation rate and pollination ratio decreased with latitude. We also found that pollinator visitation was positively correlated with the richness of other flowering plants. Synthesis: This study indicates that plant populations at southern range edges receive only marginal pollinator service if they are small, and the effect of lower pollination is also detectable within populations across the range when the local flower density is low. Results therefore suggest the potential for an Allee effect in pollination that manifests itself across spatial scales.</p>
Data from: Mitigation of pollen limitation in the lowbush blueberry agroecosystem: effect of augmenting natural pollinators
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Data from: Tropical forest fragmentation limits movements, but not occurrence of a generalist pollinator species
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Data from: Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators
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Data from: High-elevation range limit of an annual herb is neither caused nor reinforced by declining pollinator service
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Reduced pollinator service in small populations of Arabidopsis lyrata at its southern range limit
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Data from: Distinct effects of pollinator dependence and self-incompatibility on pollen limitation in South African biodiversity hotspots
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Data from: Pollinator dependence but no pollen limitation for eight plants occurring north of the Arctic Circle
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Limited phenological and pollinator-mediated isolation among selfing and outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata populations
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Pollinator-mediated facilitation alleviates pollen limitation through effects on the quality of plant reproduction
<p>Facilitation and competition among plants sharing pollinators have contrasting consequences for each species' fitness. However, it is unclear whether pollinator-mediated indirect interactions between plants affect plant fitness in a multispecies context. Here, we investigated how pollinator sharing affects pollen limitation (contribution of pollination to fitness) in a tropical hummingbird-pollinated community marked by facilitation. We employed indices describing how much a plant species is important to shared pollinators (acting degree) and have its shared pollinators influenced by other plants (target degree) within the plant-hummingbird network. Since facilitation often increases pollination quantity but not necessarily quality, we expected both indices to be associated with reductions in pollen limitation estimates that depend on pollination quantity (fruit set and seed number) rather than estimates more strictly related to quality (seed weight and germination). Instead, we found that both indices were associated with reductions in pollen limitation only for seed weight and germination. Thus, facilitation acted on qualitative estimates of pollen limitation. Our results suggest that facilitation may enhance plant fitness even if quantitative components of plant fecundity are already saturated. Overall, we showed that pollinator-mediated indirect effects in a multispecies context are important drivers of plant fitness with consequences for coexistence in diverse communities.</p>
Database from: Managed honey bees decrease pollination limitation in self-compatible but not in self-incompatible crops
<p><span>Modern agriculture is becoming increasingly pollinator-dependent. However, the global stock of domesticated honey bees is growing at a slower rate than its demand while wild bees are declining worldwide. This uneven scenario of high pollinator demand and low pollinator availability can translate into increasing pollination limitation, reducing the yield of pollinator-dependent crops. However, overall assessments of crop pollination limitation and the factors determining its magnitude are missing.</span></p> <p><span><span>W</span><span>e assembled the first global database of pollination limitation in pollinator-dependent crops, encompassing </span><span>107 metadata comparing the quantity/quality of fruits/seeds produced by pollen supplemented vs naturally pollinated flowers. This database, based on 52 published studies, cover 30 crops in 52 crop systems. </span></span><span>We conducted a meta-analysis comparing crop yield in pollen-supplemented vs. open-pollinated flowers. We assessed the overall magnitude of pollination limitation and whether this magnitude was influenced by (a) the presence/absence of managed honey bees, (b) crop compatibility system (i.e., self-compatible/self-incompatible), and (c) the interaction between these two factors. </span></p>
Capabilities and limitations of using DNA metabarcoding to study plant-pollinator interactions
<p>Many pollinator populations are experiencing declines, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of the complex relationship between bees and flowering plants. Using DNA metabarcoding to describe plant-pollinator interactions eliminates many challenges associated with traditional methods and has the potential to reveal a more comprehensive understanding of foraging behavior and pollinator life history. Here we use DNA metabarcoding of ITS2 and<i> rbcL</i> gene regions to identify plant species present in pollen loads of 404 bees from three habitats in eastern Oregon. Our specific objectives were to 1) determine whether plant species identified using DNA metabarcoding are consistent with plant species identified using observations, 2) compare characterizations of diet breadth derived from foraging observations to those based on plant species assignments obtained using DNA metabarcoding, and 3) compare plant species assignments produced by DNA metabarcoding using a "regional" reference database to those produced using a "local" database. At the three locations, 31-86% of foraging observations were consistent with DNA metabarcoding data, 8-50% of diet breadth characterizations based on observations differed from those based on DNA metabarcoding data, and 22-25% of plant species detected using the regional database were not known to occur in the study area in question. Plant-pollinator networks produced from DNA metabarcoding data had higher sampling completeness and significantly lower specialization than networks based on observations. Here, we examine some strengths and limitations of using DNA metabarcoding to identify plant species present in bee pollen loads, make ecological inferences about foraging behavior, and provide guidance for future research.</p>
Data from: There is more to pollinator-mediated selection than pollen limitation
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Importance of maternal resources in pollen limitation studies with pollinator gradients: A case study with sunflower
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Pollinator-mediated facilitation alleviates pollen limitation through effects on the quality of plant reproduction
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Database from: Managed honey bees decrease pollination limitation in self-compatible but not in self-incompatible crops
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Capabilities and limitations of using DNA metabarcoding to study plant-pollinator interactions
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