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opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: genetic evidence of differential dispersal pattern in Asiatic wild dog: comparing populations with different pack size and tiger densities

Dispersal is a multi-causal, crucial life-history event in shaping the genetic and behavioral structure of mammals. We assessed the dispersal pattern of dholes aka Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus), a social monogamous mammal at two tiger reserves of Maharashtra with different degrees of pack size and competition with tigers i.e. Tadoba-Andhari (TATR, smaller pack size, higher tiger density) and Nawegaon-Nagzira (NNTR, larger pack size, lower tiger density). We used the microsatellite data of 174 individual genotypes (98 males and 67 females) to assess the dispersal pattern of dholes from two populations with varying pack size, tiger density, and landscape connectivity using gene flow as a proxy. We compared the population structure, pairwise F statistics, assignment index, and relatedness across a spatial scale. Overall, the results suggested a difference in sex-bias dispersal pattern for the two sub-populations, exhibiting significant results for female-biased dispersal in the TATR population with a smaller pack size and higher tiger density. Our study highlights the variability in sex-biased dispersal patterns in two different populations which could be the consequence of different variables such as pack size, tiger density, and geographical scale. The study warrants further quantitative investigation including several factors including individual behavior, pack composition, pack size, tiger density, etc. In the present Anthropocene era, determining the sex bias in dispersal patterns for a short-range, pack-living carnivore will help in devising an effective conservation management plan for their long-term survival.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Population differentiation and intraspecific genetic admixture in two Eucryptorrhynchus weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) across northern China

Inreasing damage of pests in agriculture and forestry can arise both as a consequence of changes in local species and through the introduction of alien species. In this study, we used population genetics approaches to examine population processes of two pests of the tree-of-heaven trunk weevil (TTW), Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) and the tree-of-heaven root weevil (TRW), E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky) on the tree-of-heaven across their native range of China. We analyzed the population genetics of the two weevils based on ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Population genetic diversity analysis showed strong population differentiation among populations of each species, with FST ranges from 0.0197 to 0.6650 and from -0.0724 to 0.6845, respectively. Populations from the same geographical areas can be divided into different genetic clusters, and the same genetic cluster contained populations from different geographical populations, pointing to dispersal of the weevils possibly being human-mediated. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could account for 93.94% and 29.70% of the explained genetic variance in TTW, and 41.90% and 55.73% of the explained genetic variance in TRW, respectively, indicating possible impacts of local climates on population genetic differentiation. Our study helps to uncover population genetic processes of these local pest species with relevance to control methods.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Genetic Differentiation Of Ukrainian Populations Of Eusomus Ovulum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Evidence Of Multiple Hybrid Speciation

Fig. 3. Polyclonal structure of studied Eusomus ovlulum samples inUkraine.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Genetic Differentiation Of Ukrainian Populations Of Eusomus Ovulum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Evidence Of Multiple Hybrid Speciation

Fig. 2. The electrophoretic spectra of the esterases in the Eusomus ovulum specimens.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Genetic Differentiation Of Ukrainian Populations Of Eusomus Ovulum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Evidence Of Multiple Hybrid Speciation

Fig. 1. Geographic localization of Eusomus ovulum samples.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Genetic diversity and differentiation of populations of Anthyllis vulneraria along elevational and latitudinal gradients

The abundant centre model (ACM) predicts that the suitability of environmental conditions for a species decreases from the centre of its distribution towards its range periphery and consequently its populations will become scarcer, smaller and more isolated, resulting in lower genetic diversity and increased differentiation. However, little is known about whether genetic diversity shows similar patterns along elevational and latitudinal gradients with similar changes in important environmental conditions. Using microsatellite markers we studied the genetic diversity and structure of 20 populations each of Anthyllis vulneraria along elevational gradients in the Alps from the valleys to the elevational limit (2500 m), and along a latitudinal gradient (2500 km) from Central Europe to the range margin in northern Scandinavia. Both types of gradients corresponded to a 11.5 °C difference in mean annual temperature. Genetic diversity strongly declined and differentiation increased with latitude in line with the predictions of the ACM. However, as population size did not decline with latitude and genetic diversity was not related to population size in A. vulneraria, this pattern is not likely to be due to less favourable conditions in the North, but due to serial founder effects during the post-glacial recolonization process. Genetic diversity was not related to elevation, but we found significant isolation by distance along both gradients, although the elevational gradient was shorter by orders of magnitude. Subarctic populations differed genetically from alpine populations indicating that the northern populations did not originate from high elevational Alpine ones. Our results support the notion that postglacial latitudinal colonization over large distances resulted in a larger loss of genetic diversity than elevational range shifts. The lack of genetic diversity in subarctic populations may threaten their long-term persistence in the face of climate change, whereas alpine populations could benefit from gene flow from low-elevation populations.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Pollinator data from: Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs

In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. and Anemone nemorosa L.) in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) and the hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb P. multiflorum in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest-associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.

Fig. 6. RAPD band patterns and mean heterozygosity across S in MORPHOLOGICALAND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SAXIFRAGA HIRCULUS L. (SAXIFRAGACEAE) POPULATIONS IN LITHUANIA Edita Meškauskaitė, Donatas Naugžemys, Donatas Žvingila, Jonas Remigijus

Fig. 6. RAPD band patterns and mean heterozygosity across S. hirculus populations in Lithuania

Fig. 2 in MORPHOLOGICALAND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SAXIFRAGA HIRCULUS L. (SAXIFRAGACEAE) POPULATIONS IN LITHUANIA Edita Meškauskaitė, Donatas Naugžemys, Donatas Žvingila, Jonas Remigijus

Fig. 2. Variation in morphologic features of S. hirculus generative individuals in Lithuania

Fig. 1 in MORPHOLOGICALAND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SAXIFRAGA HIRCULUS L. (SAXIFRAGACEAE) POPULATIONS IN LITHUANIA Edita Meškauskaitė, Donatas Naugžemys, Donatas Žvingila, Jonas Remigijus

Fig. 1. The location of S. hirculus research sites in Lithuan

Fig. 3 in MORPHOLOGICALAND GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SAXIFRAGA HIRCULUS L. (SAXIFRAGACEAE) POPULATIONS IN LITHUANIA Edita Meškauskaitė, Donatas Naugžemys, Donatas Žvingila, Jonas Remigijus

Fig. 3. Frequency distribution of runners per S. hirculus floral shoot in the studied populations

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Soil composition, phenotypic and genetic data to: Adaptive differentiation on serpentine soil in diploid versus autotetraploid populations of Biscutella laevigata (Brassicaceae)

Serpentine soils exhibit extreme properties (e.g. high magnesium content) influencing plant growth and survival and have been repeatedly documented to promote adaptive edaphic differentiation in plants. Individuals from four pairs of nearby diploid and autotetraploid populations of Biscutella laevigata sampled on serpentine vs non-serpentine soils in a factorial design are used to assess the genetic and phenotypic changes associated with edaphic origin and ploidy level. Individual samples from natural populations were subjected to soil elemental analysis and genotyping using restriction site-associated DNA sequences (RAD-seq) to link genetic variation with contrasting soils and ploidy levels. In diploids, genetic variation was consistent with demographic contraction and a pattern of isolation by environment with respect to the ratio of calcium / magnesium concentrations, whereas tetraploids presented evidence of expansion with limited edaphic differentiation. The genetic basis of tolerance and adaptation to serpentine was further assessed experimentally on seed-grown individuals from all populations subjected to high (serpentine-like) vs low (control) concentrations of magnesium in hydropony. Fitness-related phenotypic traits under experimental cultivation were consistent with adaptive differentiation among diploid ecotypes but not among the tetraploids that similarly grow in both habitats and consistently present higher investment in roots. Further work comparing experimentally resynthesized polyploids to natural diploids and polyploids has to tease the role of whole genome duplication apart from the impact of post-polyploidy evolution.