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157 results for “process from pattern”

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zenodo36/100

Ecoregional patterns of protist communities in mineral and organic soils: assembly processes, functional traits and diversity of testate amoebae in Northern Eurasia

TA_Traits.csv file includes trait data for testate amoebae. TA_Abundance.csv file includes environmental variables (soil type and region) and relative abundance data of testate amoebae.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Datasets for the article "Emerging patterns of CO2:O2 dynamics in rivers and their link to ecosystem carbon processing "

Datasets supporting the article "Emerging patterns of CO2:O2 dynamics in rivers and their link to ecosystem carbon processing". The datasets are analized using the acompanying repository in github (https://github.com/rocher-ros/O2_CO2_rivers).   Currently the publication is under review, for further information and details on the analysis visit the github repository or the acompannying article.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Contrasting patterns of sequence variation in steelhead populations reflect distinct evolutionary processes

Multiple evolutionary processes influence genome‐wide allele frequencies and quantifying effects of genetic drift, and multiple forms of selection remain challenging in natural populations. Here, we investigate variation at major effect loci in contrast to patterns of neutral drift across a wide collection of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations that have declined in abundance due to anthropogenic impacts. Whole‐genome resequencing of 74 populations of steelhead revealed genome‐wide patterns (~8 million SNPs) consistent with expected neutral population structure. However, allelic variation at major effect loci associated with adult migration timing (chromosome 28: GREB1L/ROCK1) and age at maturity (chromosome 25: SIX6) reflected how selection has acted on phenotypic variation in contrast with neutral structure. Variation at major effect loci was influenced by evolutionary processes with differing signals between the strongly divergent Coastal and Inland lineages, while allele frequencies within and among populations within the Inland lineage have been driven by local natural selection as well as recent anthropogenic influences. Recent anthropogenic effects appeared to have influenced the frequency of major effect alleles including artificial selection for specific traits in hatchery stocks with subsequent gene flow into natural populations. Selection from environmental factors at various scales has also likely influenced variation for major effect alleles. These results reveal evolutionary mechanisms that influence allele frequencies at major effect loci that are critical for conservation of phenotypic traits and life history variation of this protected species.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Underlying microevolutionary processes parallel macroevolutionary patterns in ancient Neotropical Mountains - Ecological Niche Modeling and Corridors files

Aim Ancient climatic fluctuations are invoked as the main driving force that generates the astonishing biodiversity in ancient mountains. As a result, endemism and spatial turnover are usually high and few species are widespread among entire mountain ranges, precluding the understanding of origins of macroevolutionary patterns. Here, we used a species endemic to, but widespread in, one of the most species-rich ancient mountains on the globe to test how environmental changes acted on them and how their macroevolutionary patterns were shaped. Location Espinhaço Range, Eastern Brazil. Taxon Vriesea oligantha species complex (Bromeliaceae). Methods We compiled data for plastidial regions and nuclear microsatellites to assess genetic diversity, population structure, migration rates and phylogenetic relationships. Using temperature and precipitation variables we modeled suitable areas for the present and the past, estimating corridors between isolated populations. We also implemented Bayesian demographic analyses to estimate ancient populations dynamics. Finally, we tested if population structure is driven by isolation by environment or by distance using a Bayesian modeling approach. Results Our results showed that the intraspecific divergence events of V. oligantha are older than those associated with the latest Pleistocene climatic oscillations, supporting the view that Quaternary climatic fluctuations are key components for understanding its population differentiation processes. Species distribution modeling estimated corridors between populations in the past, as also shown in the demographic analyses, depicting a major spatial reorganization during colder climates. Besides, the high genetic structure estimated results from both models of isolation by distance and by environment. Main conclusions V. oligantha is a remarkable model to test the effects of climatic oscillations over the biological community, since this species originated in the early-Pleistocene, prevailing over several cycles of climatic fluctuations until today. The estimated demographic dynamics of V. oligantha agrees with the species-pump mechanism, suggesting it as the main cause of speciation within the Espinhaço Range. Moreover, the phylogeographic patterns of V. oligantha reflect previously recognized spatial and temporal macroevolutionary patterns in the Espinhaço Range, providing insights into how microevolutionary processes may have given rise to this astonishing mountain biodiversity.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly

The analysis of spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of plant communities provides insight into the underlying processes and interactions governing their assembly, and how these may change during plant ontogeny. We used point pattern analysis to find out if saplings and adult plants are surrounded by phylogenetically and phenotypically more similar or dissimilar neighbours than expected by chance, and whether these associations change from the sapling to the adult stage. To this end, we combined information on the phylogenetic structure and eight phenotypic traits of 15 woody plant species in two Mediterranean mixed forests of southeastern Spain. At the community level, we found that the sapling bank at both sites did not show phylogenetic or phenotypic spatial patterns, but adults showed phylogenetic clustering (i.e., heterospecific neighbours were more similar than expected). At the species level, we found frequently repulsive patterns in the sapling bank of less abundant species (i.e., heterospecific sapling or adult neighbours were more dissimilar than expected) in both, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses. For the adult stage, we found phylogenetic attraction (i.e., more similar neighbours) in just one species and phenotypic clustering in four species. The processes driving the assembly of the communities of saplings and adults leave detectable signals in the spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of our two forest communities. Our findings reinforce the existence of ontogenetic shifts in the mechanisms involved in plant community assembly. Facilitation between phylogenetically distant and phenotypically divergent species favours the recruitment of less abundant species. However, processes acting later in the ontogeny ameliorate the competition between close relatives and determine the spatial structure of adult plants. Nevertheless, the role of phenotype in shaping adult-adult interactions was context- and trait-dependent. The use of spatial point pattern analysis allowed a nuanced interpretation of the phylogenetic and phenotypic structures of the plant community.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Establishment of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) on a glacial outwash plain: spatial patterns and decadal processes

Most of the Earth's surface has now been modified by humans. In many countries, natural and semi-natural ecosystems mostly occur as islands, isolated by land converted to agriculture and a variety of other land-uses. In this fragmented state, long-distance dispersal may be the only option for species to adapt their ranges in response to changing climate. The order of arrival of species may leave a lasting imprint on community assembly. Although mostly studied at and above the species level, such priority effects also apply at the intraspecific level. We suggest that this may be particularly important in subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) is characterised by great intraspecific variation. We explored spatio-temporal patterns of the first two mountain birch generations on a homogeneous, early successional glacial outwash plain in SE Iceland that was the recipient of spatially extensive long-distance dispersal ca. 30 years ago. We evaluated the decadal progress of the young population by remeasuring in 2018, tree density and growth form, plant size, and reproductive effort on 30 transects (150 m2) established in 2008 at four sites on the plain and two adjacent sites ca. 10 km away. All measured variables showed positive increases, but contrary to our predictions of converging dynamics among sites, they had significantly diverged. Thus, two of the sites (only 500 m apart) could not be distinguished in 2008 but by 2018, one of them had much faster growth rates than the other, a higher growth form index reflecting more upright tree stature, greater reproductive effort, and much greater second-generation seedling recruitment. We discuss two hypotheses that may explain the diverging dynamics, site-scale environmental heterogeneity and legacies of intraspecific priority effects.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: seasonal patterns and processes of migration in a long-distance migratory bird: energy or time minimization?

Optimal migration theory prescribes adaptive strategies of energy, time or mortality minimization. To test alternative hypotheses of energy and time minimization migration we used multisensory data loggers recording time-resolved flight activity and light for positioning by geolocation in a long-distance migratory shorebird, little ringed plover Charadrius dubius. We could reject the hypothesis of energy minimization based on a relationship between stopover duration and subsequent flight time as predicted for a time minimizer. We found seasonally diverging slopes between stopover and flight durations in relation to the progress (time) of migration, which follows for a time minimizing policy if resource gradients increase and decrease, respectively. Total flight duration did not differ significantly between autumn and spring migration, although spring migration was 6% shorter. Overall duration of autumn migration was longer than that in spring, mainly due to a mid-migration stop in most birds, when they likely initiated moult. Overall migration speed was not significantly different between autumn and spring. Migratory flights often occurred as runs of 2-7 nocturnal flights on adjacent days, which may be countering a time minimization strategy. Other factors may influence a preference for nocturnal migration, such as avoiding flight in turbulent conditions, heat stress, and diurnal predators.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Intraguild processes drive space-use patterns in a large-bodied marine predator community

Interspecific interactions, including predator-prey, intraguild predation (IGP), and competition, may drive distribution and habitat use of predator communities. However, elucidating the relative importance of these interactions in shaping predator distributions is challenging, especially in marine communities comprising highly mobile species. We used individual-based models (IBMs) to predict the habitat distributions of apex predators, intraguild (IG) prey, and prey. We then used passive acoustic telemetry to test these predictions in a subtropical marine predator community consisting of eight elasmobranch (i.e., shark and ray) species in Bimini, The Bahamas. IBMs predicted that prey and IG prey will preferentially select habitats based on safety over resources (food), with stronger selection for safe habitat by smaller prey. Elasmobranch space-use patterns matched these predictions. Species with predator-prey and asymmetrical IGP (between apex and small mesopredators) interactions showed the clearest spatial separation, followed by asymmetrical IGP among apex and large mesopredators. Competitors showed greater spatial overlap although with finer-scale differences in microhabitat use. Our study suggests space-use patterns in elasmobranchs are at least partially driven by interspecific interactions, with stronger spatial separation occurring where interactions include predator-prey relationships or IGP.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Unveiling the Patterns of Reticulated Evolutionary Processes with Phylogenomics: Hybridization and Polyploidy in the genus Rosa

Reticulation, caused by hybridization and allopolyploidization, is considered an important and frequent phenomenon in the evolution of numerous plant lineages. Although both processes represent important driving forces of evolution, they are mostly ignored in phylogenetic studies involving a large number of species. Indeed only a scattering of methods exists to recover a comprehensive reticulated evolutionary history for a broad taxon sampling. Plastid markers, sometimes combined with a few nuclear sequences, are therefore favored, even though they restrict in-depth studies of hybridization and polyploidization. The genus Rosa encompasses c. 150 species widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and represents a challenging taxonomic group in which hybridization and polyploidization are prominent. Our main objective was to develop a general framework that would take patterns of reticulation into account in the study of the phylogenetic relationships among Rosa species. Using amplicon sequencing we targeted allele variation in the nuclear genome as well as haploid sequences in the chloroplast genome. A stepwise diploids-first approach was developed to reconstruct the reticulate evolutionary history of the genus Rosa. We successfully recovered robust plastid and nuclear phylogenies and performed in-depth tests for several scenarios of hybridization. Using this strategy, we were able to resolve most of the evolutionary relationships among Rosa subgenera, sections, and selected species, and we provide new directions for a future revision of the infrageneric classification in Rosa. The stepwise strategy proposed here can be used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of other challenging taxonomic groups with large numbers of hybrid and polyploid taxa.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Scripts for post-processing Delft3d output data and figures for manuscript 'Longitudinal scour-bar pattern in estuaries'

The 7z file contains two folders, one named 'mat' contains the matlab scripts for post-processing Delft3D output data and plotting, the other named 'Figures' contains main outputs for the manuscript 'Longitudinal scour-bar pattern in estuaries'.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Patterns and processes in the history of body size in turritelline gastropods, Jurassic-to-Recent

Body size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that 1) turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene-Recent diversification of small-bodied Southern Hemisphere taxa. A time series model was applied to distinguish among three possible macroevolutionary patterns: unbiased random walk (no directional trend), biased random walk (directional trend), and stasis (no net change). We found that 2) turritelline gastropods have experienced stasis in body size throughout their evolutionary history, adding to the growing literature documenting directionless body size trends in marine invertebrate clades. Stasis of geographically widespread clades may be the result of ecological variability across the environmental range occupied by the group or differential diversification into opposing environments. Turritelline life-history patterns, especially their reproductive strategy that combines a short lifespan and decline in growth rate around 1 year of age to reallocate energy to reproduction, might circumvent selection for longevity and larger size while further decrease in minimum size is likely limited by feeding efficiency and anti-predatory defense. The expectation that species or clades should continue to evolve to occupy larger size classes conflicts with the evolutionary advantages of small size, which in turritelline gastropods include high generational turnover and larger population sizes that yield opportunities for genetic variance.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Microevolutionary processes in a foundation tree inform macrosystem patterns of community biodiversity and structure

Despite an increased focus on multiscale relationships and interdisciplinary integration, few macroecological studies consider the contribution of genetic-based processes to landscape-scale patterns. We tested the hypothesis that tree genetics, climate, and geography jointly drive continental-scale patterns of community structure, using genome-wide SNP data from a broadly distributed foundation tree species (<a>Populus fremontii</a> S. Watson) and two dependent communities (leaf-modifying arthropods and fungal endophytes) spanning southwestern North America. Four key findings emerged: (1) Tree genetic structure was a significant predictor for both communities; however, the strength of influence was both scale- and community-dependent. (2) Tree genetics was the primary driver for endophytes, explaining 17% of variation in continental-scale community structure, whereas (3) climate was the strongest predictor of arthropod structure (24%). (4) Power to detect tree genotype<a>—</a>community phenotype associations changed with scale of genetic organization, increasing from individuals to populations to ecotypes, emphasizing the need to consider nonstationarity (i.e., changes in the effects of factors on ecological processes across scales) when inferring macrosystem properties. Our findings highlight the role of foundation tree species as drivers of macroscale community structure and provide macrosystems ecology with a theoretical framework for linking fine- and intermediate-scale genetic processes to landscape-scale patterns. Management of genetic diversity harbored within foundation species is a critical consideration for conserving and sustaining regional biodiversity.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad36/100