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342 results for “proxies”
Measurements of ethylene production (using the acetylene reduction assay) as a proxy for nitrogen fixation of epiphytes on seagrass in West Falmouth Harbor during July from 2005 through 2019.
West Falmouth Harbor (West Falmouth, MA, USA) has been experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen loading from an upgradient municipal wastewater treatment facility since the early 2000’s. As part of a long-term study into the effects of this nitrogen enrichment, we have measured nitrogen fixation rates of seagrass-associated epiphytes using the acetylene reduction technique. Samples were taken annually in July at two sites, one in the well-flushed outer basin (OH) and one in the inner basin closer to the dominant groundwater N source (Snug Harbor, SH). Additional data are presented in 2019 at 18 sites spatially distributed through the seagrass bed to assess spatial heterogeneity. Individual replicate data are presented. These data are in support of a manuscript submitted to the journal Biogeochemistry by Marino et al, submitted for publication (12/2022).
Collapse and Continuity: A multi-proxy reconstruction of settlement organization and population trajectories in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the 4.2kya Rapid Climate Change event (dataset and R scripts)
<p>The present digital archive is the outcome of the paper: <strong>Lawrence, D., Palmisano, A., and de Gruchy, M.W., 2021. <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244871">Collapse and Continuity: A multi-proxy reconstruction of settlement organization and population trajectories in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the 4.2kya Rapid Climate Change event</a></strong><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0244871">.</a> <em><strong>PLoS ONE</strong></em><strong>,</strong> <strong><em>16</em></strong>(1).</p> <p>The dataset included here provides a collection of <strong>920 </strong>radiocarbon dates and <strong>1070</strong> sites from archaeological surveys. In addition, the digital archive related to this paper provides reproducible analyses in the form of three scripts written in R statistical computing language.</p>
Holocene regional population dynamics and climatic trends in the Near East: a first comparison using archaeo-demographic proxies (dataset and R scripts)
<p>The present digital archive is the outcome of the paper: <strong>Palmisano, A., Lawrence, D., de Gruchy, M.W., Bevan, A., and Shennan, S., 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106739">Holocene regional population dynamics and climatic trends in the Near East: a first comparison using archaeo-demographic proxies</a>. <em>Quaternary Science Reviews</em>, <em>252</em></strong>.</p> <p>The dataset included here provides a collection of <strong>10,606</strong> radiocarbon dates, <strong>1884</strong> sites from archaeological surveys (1336 from Central Anatolia and 478 from Upper Mesopotamia) and <strong>16</strong> palaeoclimatic records for a period spanning between 14,000 and 2500 BP. In addition, the digital archive related to this paper provides reproducible analyses in the form of four scripts written in R statistical computing language.</p> <p>List of versions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>2.0.</strong> 15 December 2020 — Includes a few minor error corrections (the files 'References.txt' within the folder csv and the script 'radiocarbon.R').</li> <li><strong>1.0</strong> 28 November 2020 — First public release of the dataset on Zenodo.</li> </ul>
Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in Cyprus, Eastern Mediterranean
<p>This file is a record of relative sea level proxies of the last Interglacial sea-level (MIS 5e) along the Cyprus coastline. It has been exported from the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines - WALIS</p>
sea-surface temperature proxy data (TEX86 and UK'37) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1168
<p>These 2 data files contain the TEX86 and UK'37 sea surface temperature proxy data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1168, covering the Eocene to recent (35–0 Ma). These were updated compared to previous versions, wherein some alkenone data was omitted.</p>
Paleo Sea Level Proxies and Indicators for Greenland
<p>This repository contains the spreadsheets containing the paleo sea level data in ODS spreadsheet and tab delimited text formats. I also included the bibtex file that has all of the references used in the spreadsheet. For updates, please<br>go to the main GAPSLIP database on Github:</p><p>https://github.com/evangowan/paleo_sea_level</p><p>Version 1.0.1 corrects some of the place names.</p>
Dataset for: Integrated trophic position as a proxy for food-web complexity
<div> <p>There are two distinct approaches to describing the distributions of biomass and species in food webs: one to consider them as discrete trophic levels (TLs); and the other to consider them as continuous trophic positions (TPs). Bridging the gap between these two perspectives presents a non-trivial challenge in integrating biodiversity and food-web structure.</p> <p>Food Network Unfolding (FNU) is a technique used to bridge this gap by partitioning the biomass of species into integer TLs to compute three complexity indices, namely vertical (<em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), horizontal (<em>D</em><sub>H</sub>), and range (<em>D</em><sub>R</sub>) diversity (<em>D</em> indices), through decomposition of Shannon's index <em>H'</em>. Using FNU, the food web (a network of species with unique TPs) is converted to a linear food chain (a biomass distribution at discrete TLs). This enables us to expect that the unfolded biomass within species decreases exponentially as the TL increases. Under this condition, the mean TL value in unfolded food chains is hypothesized to have an exponential relationship with the vertical diversity, <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. To explore this, we implemented FNU and calculated <em>D</em> indices for food webs publicly available at EcoBase (<em>n</em> = 158) and calculated the integrated TP (iTP), defined as the biomass-weighted average TP of a given food web. The iTP corresponds to the mean TL in unfolded food chains and can be empirically measured through compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA).</p> <p>Although our analysis is biased towards marine ecosystems, we revealed an exponential relationship between iTP and <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>, suggesting that iTP can serve as a measurable proxy for <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the iTP observed in the total communities (total iTP) and the iTPs of partial communities consisting only of species with 2.0 ≤ TP < 3.0 (partial iTP; <em>r<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.48), suggesting that <em>D</em><sub>V</sub> can be predicted using partial iTP.</p> <p>Our findings suggest that the net effect of species diversity, excluding the effect of biomass (corresponding to <em>H'</em> − <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), on food-web complexity can be revealed by combining CSIA-AA with biodiversity analysis (e.g., environmental DNA).</p> </div>
FIGURE 1 in Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
FIGURE 1. Geographic sketch showing the location of the plant-bearing sites. For locality numbers see Table 1.
FIGURE 6 in Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
FIGURE 6. Representation of modern European vegetation formations for the test set of fossil assemblages as delivered by Drudges 1 and 2. Formation H - Hygrophilous thermophytic mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation G - Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation F - Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation D - Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broadleaved-coniferous forests; Formation C - Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation. More detailed information on subdivisions and units is available in Appendix 9.
FIGURE 4 in Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
FIGURE 4. Representation of East Asian and European vegetation types and formations as delivered by Drudges 1 and Drudge 2 for the IPR Similarity, Taxonomic Similarity (TS), and Results Mix. See also Appendix 8.
FIGURE 8 in Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
FIGURE 8. Mean annual temperature (MAT), warm-month mean temperature (WMMT), and cold-month mean temperature (CMMT) based on CLAMP and the Coexistence Approach (CA) for the fossil plant record (sources are Kvaček et al., 2011; Teodoridis and Kvaček, 2015; Teodoridis et al., 2009, 2012, 2015, 2017). black columns: minimum CA. light grey columns: maximum CA, narrow, dark grey columns: CLAMP result. For more comprehensive climate data see Appendix 10.
FIGURE 9 in Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia
FIGURE 9. Climate parameters of the modern European vegetation Formations F, G, and H based on Bohn et al. (2004) and Traiser and Mosbrugger (2004) represented as columns spanning the minimum and maximum of the respective data. Vegetation of Formation F tends to lower temperatures (note, however, that climate data for formations F.3 – F.1 are more complex). Vegetation of Formation G tends to lower MAP. Asterisks indicate single data points (no climate interval was available). The data are listed in Appendix 11. Abbreviations: MAT = mean annual temperature; WMMT = warm-month mean temperature; CMMT = cold-month mean temperature; MAP = mean annual precipitation.
Figure 12 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 12. Phylomorphospace of the principal components 1 and 2 for the forelimb (a) and its correlation circle (b). The dotted circle delimits the Ziphiidae family. The branches represent the phylogenetic relationships between the different species. The abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 11 except for the following: Dele: Delphinapterus leucas; Doat: Dorudon atrox; Mebo:Mesoplodon bowdoini; Oror: Orcinus orca; Stco: Stenella commersonii.
Figure 11 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 11. Phylomorphospace of the principal components 1 and 2 for the hamular fossa of the pterygoid sinus (a) and its correlation circle (b). The dotted circle delimits the Ziphiidae family. The branches represent the phylogenetic relationships between the different species. Abbreviations: Ceco: Cephalorhynchus commersonii; Glme: Globicephala melas; Grgr: Grampus griseus; Hyam: Hyperoodon ampullatus; Laac: Lagenorhynchus acutus; Mebi: Mesoplodon bidens; Megr: Mesoplodon grayi; Megre: Messapicetus gregarius; Mepe: Mesoplodon peruvianus; Momo: Monodon monoceros; Orbr:Orcaella brevirostris; Phma: Physeter macrocephalus; Pobl: Pontoporia blainvillei; Plga: Platanista gangetica; Pscr: Pseudorca crassidens; Saob:Sagmatias obscurus; Sofl: Sotalia fluviatilis; Stat: Stenella attenuata; Stcl: Stenella clymene; Stfr: Stenella frontalis; Tutr: Tursiops truncatus; Zica: Ziphius cavirostris.
Figure 7 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 7. Humeri and left radius of MUSM 2542, Messapicetus gregarius. Right humerus in medial (a), lateral (b), ulnar (c), and radial view (d); left humerus in medial (e), lateral (f), ulnar (g), radial (h), and posterior view (i); left radius in lateral (j), medial (k), and ulnar view (l).
Figure 5 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 5. Ribs of the specimen MUSM 2548, Messapicetus gregarius, in anterior view. Pair 1 (a) and (b); pair 2 (c) and (d); pair 3 (e) and (f); pair 4 (g) and (h); (i), (j), (k), and (l) cannot be precisely positioned.
Figure 8 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 8. Comparison of muscular insertions along the atlas and axis in Messapicetus gregarius MUSM 2548 in ventral view (a) and posterior view (b); in Ninoziphius platyrostris MNHN SAS 941 in ventral view (c) and posterior view (d); in Mesoplodon densirostris USNM 593522 in ventral view (e) and posterior view (f); in Berardius sp. MNHN 1885-278.
Figure 3 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 3. Thoracic and post-thoracic vertebrae of the specimen MUSM 2548, Messapicetus gregarius. Thoracic vertebra A in anterior (a), posterior (b), and dorsal view (c); thoracic B in posterior (d), left lateral (e), and ventral view (f); thoracic C in posterior (g), lateral (h), and ventral view (i); thoracic–post-thoracic D in posterior (j) and lateral view (k); thoracic–post-thoracic E in lateral view (l).
Figure 10 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 10. Comparison of the muscle origins and insertions of the scapula and humerus in lateral view in Tursiops truncatus (SNM CN2x) (a); a reconstruction of the scapula of Messapicetus gregarius (MUSM 2548) (b); Mesoplodon bidens (SNM CN4x) (c); Physeter macrocephalus (SNM CN1x) (d); Inia geoffrensis (NRS A608415) (e); Pontoporia blainvillei (SNM CN1x) (f). Insertion of the M. infraspinatus could not be assessed in M. gregarius. Scale = 50 mm. Dotted lines correspond to the reconstructed parts.
Figure 9 in Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Figure 9. Comparative reconstructions of the cervical complex in several cetaceans with neck muscle origins discussed in this paper. The reconstructions concerned Messapicetus gregarius (MUSM 2548) (a), Ninoziphius platyrostris (MNHN SAS 941) (b), Hyperoodon ampullatus (SNM CN1x) (c), Mesoplodon bidens (MNHN A14519) (d), Inia geoffrensis (SNM CN1x) (e), and Xiphiacetus cristatus (IRSNB 3240-M.361) (f). Dotted lines correspond to broken parts.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.