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653 results for “rain”
Supplementary data: Rain-on-snow events in mountainous catchments under climate change
<p>The file in this record represents supplementary data for the journal paper Hotovy, O., Nedelcev, O., Seibert, J., Jenicek, M. (2024): Rain-on-snow events in mountainous catchments under climate change submitted to Hydrology and Earth System Sciences.<br>The presented files contain daily simulations of the HBV rainfall-runoff model for 93 mountain catchments in Czechia, Germany and Switzerland. The model simulated different water balance components, such as runoff, base flow, snow water equivalent, evapotranspiration, and soil and groundwater storages for the study period 1980-2010 as well as hydrological projections assuming different increases in air temperature and precipitation.</p>
Data for the publication "Incorporation of inline warm rain diagnostics into the COSP2 satellite simulator for process-oriented model evaluation"
<p>Michibata et al. (2019), currently under peer-review for publication in <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, incorporated a diagnostic tool for warm rain microphysics into the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP; Bodas-Salcedo et al. 2011; Swales et al., 2018), designed to evaluate model representations of aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions at a fundamental process-level. The tool automatically generates two diagnostics related to warm rain microphysics during COSP execution in a host model. One is the contoured frequency by optical depth diagram (CFODD), which visualizes a cloud-to-rain microphysical vertical structure (Suzuki et al., 2015). The other diagnostic is a global map of warm rain fraction classified as non-precipitating clouds (< –15 dBZ<sub>e</sub>), drizzling clouds (–15 < dBZ<sub>e</sub>< 0), and precipitating clouds (0 < dBZ<sub>e</sub>).</p> <p>This repository contains the MIROC6/COSP2 input data and A-Train satellite statistics used in Michibata et al. (2019). A sample of the post-processing scripts for visualization using the GrADS software is also included in this repository.</p>
Satellite-based precipitation estimates using a dense rain gauge network over the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon: Implication for identifying trends in dry season rainfall
<h1>Satellite-based precipitation estimates using a dense rain gauge network over the Southwestern Brazilian Amazon.</h1>
The Application of a Snowpack Runoff Decision Support System for Rain-on-Snow Events Dataset
<p>This work was funded by the State of Nevada - Department of Transportation award No. P296-22-803 and UCAR COMET Outreach Program SUBAWD004566. </p>
Non-relativistic abberation and Doppler shift as experienced in walking with different velocities relative to falling rain
<p>Non-relativistic aberration and Doppler shift as experienced in walking with different velocities relative to falling rain. The scenario on the left (standing) shows the orientation of the umbrella for maximum protection of a person at rest perpendicular to the falling drops. On the right (walking), the situation for a person with an umbrella moving relative to the scenario on the left is shown. The bottom panels depict the related velocities and how they are added. vr is the velocity of the raindrops in the frame of reference of the ground, vr′ that in the frame of references of the person with the umbrella, with (right) and without (left) velocity vP with respect to the ground. Note, in the frame of reference of the person the ground moves with −vP. The arrival angle and rate of the raindrops depend on the velocities and are described with aberration and Doppler shift, respectively.</p> <p>Figure adapted from Hoffmann (1983).</p>
Temperature Rain Dataset without Missing Values
<p>This dataset contains 32072 daily time series showing the temperature observations and rain forecasts, gathered by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for 422 weather stations across Australia, between 02/05/2015 and 26/04/2017.</p> <p>The original dataset contains missing values and they have been simply replaced by zeros.<br> </p>
Temperature Rain Dataset with Missing Values
<p>This dataset contains 32072 daily time series showing the temperature observations and rain forecasts, gathered by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology for 422 weather stations across Australia, between 02/05/2015 and 26/04/2017.<br> </p>
Observational rainfall data of the 2021 mid-July flood event in Belgium – Part 1. Rain gauges observations
<p>From July 13th to 16th 2021, a long period of sustained and heavy rainfall affected Central Europe producing extreme rainfall amounts in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg and The Netherlands. In Belgium, this unusual event induced massive flooding on a large part of the country and was responsible for 39 fatalities and strong damages to buildings and infrastructures.</p><p>Such extremely rare event needs to be documented as much as possible and data must be made available for further studies in hydrology, in urban planning and, more generally, in all multi-disciplinary studies aiming at identifying and understanding all factors leading to such disaster.</p><p>The observational rainfall data available for Belgium during the period from July 13th to July 16th 2021 are here shared with the scientific community. These data are twofold and provided in 2 parts:</p><p><br><strong>Part 1. </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739983"><strong>Observations from high-quality rain gauges</strong></a></p><p>The dataset includes daily precipitation accumulation recorded by 323 weighing and manual rain gauges in Belgium as well as 5-min precipitation data recorded by 168 weighing rain gauges. These data were checked for possible errors and inconsistencies.</p><p>The rain gauges observations are provided in csv format in 2 files:</p><ul><li>RainGaugesData_FLOOD21_daily.csv</li><li>RainGaugesData_FLOOD21_5min.csv</li></ul><p><br><strong>Part 2. </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7740059"><strong>Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation (RADFLOOD21)</strong></a></p><p>This product provides a quantitative precipitation estimation of the event at high spatial (i.e., 1 km) and temporal (i.e., 5 min and hourly) resolutions. It is obtained after a careful processing of the weather radar measurements and a merging with rain gauge measurements. The data is provided in hdf5 format. In addition, an animation of the 5-min RADFLOOD21 data is also made available.</p><p> </p><p>These data are exposed and discussed in <a href="https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/3169/2023/">https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/3169/2023/</a>. In particular, several analyses of these data are performed to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the event and to illustrate its exceptional character.</p><p> </p>
Rain exclusion, herbivory, and vegetaton in Greenstar Meadow at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellson, MI (2023)
Precipitation affects water availability, which subsequently influences plant growth, species persistence, and productivity. Critically, global change is causing precipitation patterns to shift, which can lead to changes in plant community composition and may affect the capacity of plant communities to perform essential ecosystem functions. We can use rainout shelters to intercept incoming ambient rainfall and simulate future precipitation conditions to better predict how plant communities may respond to shifts in precipitation. Here, we aimed to study if altered summer precipitation affects plant diversity and biomass by experimentally decreasing summer precipitation using rainout shelters. Furthermore, there can be two experimental plots under a single rainout shelter allowing us to test the combined effects of multiple factors on plant communities. So in addition to manipulating summer precipitation, we also manipulated the presence of insect herbivores using exclosures to quantify the independent and interactive effects of precipitation and insect herbivory on plant species richness, diversity, and biomass. The top-down effects of insect herbivores on plant communities can vary depending on plant water status, suggesting that precipitation and insect herbivory may have interactive effects on plant diversity, community composition, and biomass.
Variation in the Composition of Understory Vegetation in a Tropical Rain Forest as a Function of Soil and Topographic Position. 1986 - 1990
Understory plants are a major contribution to the high plant species diversity of Neotropical rain forests. Shrubs, understory trees, saplings of overstory trees, and herbs occupy a habitat of generally low light levels and high humidity in which there seem to be few obvious mechanisms to support habitat partitioning. Moreover several plant families are characterized by a high number of co-occurring understory species. In 1987-1989 we sampled understory vegetation in 18 sites at the La Selva Biological Station of the Organization for Tropical Studies in Heredia Province, Costa Rica. At each site we used 20 nested quadrats to investigate the effects of soil type on replicated sites of mapped alluvial and residual volcanic soils (5 map units) and topographic positions (ridges, midslopes and flats) on composition, density and diversity of small (1m tall to 5cm dbh, 25 m2 quadrat) and large(5-10cm dbh, 100 m2 quadrat) understory plants. We also measured fine litter dry mass, extractable P, total organic matter, percent slope and percent incident light radiation in each quadrat.
APEX beta NW site: hourly soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature and RH, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and rain.
This dataset contains hourly averages of air temperature and RH, soil temperature and moisture, PAR, and rain. This basic environmental data supports the other research that is going on at this site.
Rain, well and river water oxygen and deuterium isotope analyses/values for Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest and LTTG sites ( 2002 - Present)
Isotope values for oxygen and hydrogen in waters provide information as to the source of the water, the climate at the time of collection, and the geographical location of the water source. Climate variations may be indicated in changes in the relationship between deuterium and 18O over an extended period. The sources and proportions of sources of ground water can be determined by isotope analysis. Rain, well and river waters were analyzed for ?18O and ?D values from LTER and LTTG sites in 2002, and LTER1, LTER2, UP2, and FP3 sites from 2003 on. Deuterium values were not replicable until the latter part of the 2005 field season and so were not reported until August, 2005.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Rain Gages: GIS Shapefile
These data replace an earlier GIS coverage. Locations have been updated with Trimble GeoXT. Data distributed as shapefile in Coordinate system EPSG:26919 - NAD83 / UTM zone 19N
Daily summary precipitation data from a tipping bucket rain gauge near former Jornada Basin LTER Biodiversity study site, 1996-ongoing
This data package contains daily precipitation values from a rain gauge near the former Biodiversity study site at the Jornada Basin LTER in southern New Mexico, USA. Data collection at the Biodiversity site began in 1996 and is now complete. Data collection from the tipping bucket rain gauge near this site commenced in April 1996. The data file included here reports daily precipitation totals in millimeters (mm). Data collection from this tipping bucket rain gauge is ongoing and collected on a monthly basis (data package may be updated less frequently).
Daily precipitation from a network of weighing rain gauges on the Jornada Experimental Range (Jornada Basin LTER), 1976-2011.
This completed dataset contains daily precipitation measurements from a network of weighing rain gauges (Belfort Universal Precipitation Gauges, Series 5-780) at 58 locations on the Jornada Experimental Range in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, USA between January 1976 and December 2011. Locations and the dates during which data were collected were generally project-oriented. Temporal coverage per location is quite variable and ranges between 1,647 and 13,024 days. The network was maintained by USDA Agricultural Research Service personnel. After 2011 the remaining weighing rain gauges were replaced by tipping bucket gauges and those data are available separately.
Video footage of December 2018 rain event at Lake Fryxell Camp, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
This data package consists of video footage of a rare rain event that occurred in the Fryxell and Hoare Basins of Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, on December 21, 2018. Footage was captured at 0600 NZDT at Lake Fryxell camp by Laura Smarrito, a Leidos contract carpenter. Permission was granted to publish this footage for the purposes of obtaining a DOI to properly cite this occurence in a scientific manuscript under revision by JE Barrett et al. Please properly cite this data package according to the suggested citation format anytime this footage is referenced and/or used.
Data from: Proximate cues of flowering in a subtropical rain forest
<p><span>Plants have evolved mechanisms to track seasonal variation in environmental resources, enabling them to time key life-history events to appropriate seasons. While the proximate cues for flowering initiation are well documented in the temperate region, it is still unclear what the flowering cues are in the tropics, especially in the subtropics. Our study compared first flowering dates (FFDs) predicted by eight hypothesized proximate cues concerning photoperiod, mean and directional changes in solar irradiance and warm/cool temperature, and rainfall with flowering dates observed over 19 years of weekly monitoring for 16 species in a subtropical rainforest. We observed considerable inter-annual variation in the median FFDs for the study species, ranging from 21 to 101 days. The early-spring flowering species tended to have greater inter-annual variation in FFDs than the summer flowering species. For 13 study species, temperature cues best explained inter-annual variation in FFDs. Cool temperatures in the previous fall/winter and warm temperatures in the current spring (or previous summer) might trigger the onset of flowering in these 13 species. Cues associated with photoperiod and irradiance also predicted inter-annual variation in FFDs with small root mean square error (<1.5 census intervals) for 12 species but generally had higher prediction errors than temperature-related cues. Cues associated with seasonal variation in rainfall failed to predict flowering times in any species. Our results suggest that future changes in temperature may alter flowering times for most species in subtropical forests, leading to changes in ecosystem processes and biosphere feedback to the climate system.</span></p>
FIG. 1 in Epiphyllous bryophyte diversity in lowland rain forest and lowland cloud forest of French Guiana
FIG. 1. ― Species accumulation curves and estimated total number of species (*) of epiphyllous bryophytes in the understory of lowland cloud forest (LCF) and lowland rain forest (LRF) at Nouragues, French Guiana.
Data for: Bulk microphysics schemes may perform better with a unified cloud-rain category
<p>Bulk microphysics schemes continue to face challenges due in part to the necessary simplification of hydrometeor properties and processes that are inherent to any parameterization. In all operational bulk schemes, one such simplification is the division of liquid water into two subcategories (cloud and rain) when predicting the evolution of warm clouds. It was previously found that biases in collisional growth in a bulk scheme with these separate liquid water categories can be mitigated with a unified liquid water category in which cloud and rain are contained within the same category. In this study, we examine the effect of artificially separating the liquid water category on other microphysical processes and in more realistic settings. Both our idealized 1D and 3D results show that a unified category bulk scheme is fundamentally better at predicting the timing and intensity of rain from warm-phase cumulus clouds compared to a traditional (separate) category bulk scheme. This is because a unified category bulk scheme allows a bimodal distribution to exist within one traditional "rain" category, whereas separate category bulk schemes only have one mode per category. This advantage allows the unified bulk scheme to retain the information of the largest droplets even as they fall through a layer of small raindrops. A separate category bulk scheme fails to represent this bimodal feature in comparison.</p>
A dataset of three vine water status indicators, weather records and soil water capacity components collected from a rain-fed Mediterranean vineyard
<p>This dataset contains three key indicators of vine water status: vine shoot growth index (iG-Apex), predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C). Additionally, it includes weather data and soil measurements. Spatial data files of studied fields, plots, and some vines’ locations are also provided. The data were collected from a rain-fed vineyard in Southern France, 4 km north of the Mediterranean Sea. Measurements were made at the plot level, with each plot consisting of 10 adjacent grapevines (Vitis Vinifera). The iG-Apex was recorded weekly from June 10 to August 22, 2022, across 70 vine plots. Ψpd was measured weekly between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. in 12 of these plots using a pressure chamber. On August 23, 2022, 100 berries were sampled from each plot, and 1.5 mL of grape juice was extracted for δ13C analysis using a carbon analyzer and mass spectrometer. The dataset contains 761 iG-Apex measurements (70 time series), 720 Ψpd measurements (60 time series), and 70 single-date δ13C measurements. Weather data were recorded daily in 2022 from a weather station located at the vineyard's center, providing five parameters: cumulative rainfall, relative humidity, and three air temperatures (mean, minimum, and maximum). Soil available water capacity components (horizon thickness, field capacity, permanent wilting point, bulk density, and rock fragment content) were measured in 5 of the 70 plots after prior soil profile wall analyses. Monitoring vine water status is essential for optimizing grape yield and wine quality. While Ψpd and δ13C are considered reference methods, they are expensive and prone to logistical constrains. In contrast, iG-Apex can be collected with minimal time and financial investment. This dataset enables not only the exploration of statistical relationships between the plant-based and soil-based indicators, but also the modeling of Ψpd and/or δ13C using iG-Apex, while accounting for weather and soil influences. All data were georeferenced, allowing future integration of ancillary spatial data sources, like multi-spectral remote sensing images or yield data.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.