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172 results for “ranging patterns”
Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range-size patterns for Malesian flora
<p>Our goal was to interrogate the idea that "mountain passes are higher in the tropics" by investigating ecological and biogeographic drivers of elevational range-sizes patterns among equatorial flora. We used herbarium records for sixty species-rich plant families, representing 18535 species total, to estimate distributions over a 4500 m elevational gradient. For each family, we estimated the change in average range-sizes with increasing elevation (i.e. Rapoport's rule, abbreviated as ERR) and quantified 15 metrics of familial richness distribution, evolutionary age, and biogeographic affiliation. We visualized covariation across families using phylogenetic principal components analysis (pPCA). We then evaluated how family-level ERR slopes correlated with each metric individually, as well as when using multivariate techniques to reduce dimensionality. We hypothesized that if long term climate stability over millions of years promotes habitat specialization, then among taxa with longer-term tropical affiliations, we would expect smaller range-sizes within lowland forests, with greater range-size expansion towards higher elevations, expressed as a positive ERR slope. Conversely, variation in growing conditions should promote larger, relatively consistent, range-sizes at all sections of an elevational gradient, expressed as a neutral ERR slope. Our results support this corollary because of the dichotomy of ERR slopes observed in relation to the elevational distribution of richness and historical biogeographic positioning. We found that families with greater Sundaland endemism, or richness that was restricted to tropical lowland forests, had positive ERR slopes. Families with stronger Sahul affiliation, or montane centered richness, had shallower, neutral, or negative ERR slopes, as did clades with temperate origins. Families with Wallacea affiliation, broader latitudinal or elevational distributions, cosmopolitanism, greater richness, or older evolutionary age had mixed results. We conclude that the relative steepness of an ERR slope is an indicator of a taxonomic group's tolerance of habitat variation and vulnerability to contemporary climate change.</p>
Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
<p>This dataset was used to review and analyze coyote diets across North America in "Coyote diets in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion" by Jensen et al. in Mammal Review. We only include data from studies that reported data as percent frequency of occurrence and from multiple seasons. We ultimately used 93 of the included studies (294 seasonal records) in our analyses.</p>
Riding an escalator: upward range shift and patterns of genetic response to climate change in Acer caudatifolium
<p><strong>Aim </strong></p> <p>Rapid global warming is threatening global biodiversity, and it will likely lead to varying degrees of local adaptation, particularly among plant species. Besides, rising temperatures frequently result in upslope distribution shifts towards climatic optima (i.e., the escalator effect) within a limited dispersal space, such as in insular environments. Here, we integrated ecological and genetic approaches to investigate how climate change will impact the genetic compositions and spatial distributions of Taiwan endemic maple <em>Acer caudatifolium</em>.</p> <p><strong>Location </strong></p> <p>Taiwan</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>We estimate the distribution range shifts of <em>A. caudatifolium</em> under climate change through species distribution modeling (SDM). We also use 368 genotyped samples to infer dispersal and genetic hotspots and quantify the contributions of geography/environments to genetic variations. We further assess the potential risk to <em>A. caudatifolium</em> under different climate warming scenarios.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>We detected three genetic diversity hotspots near mountainous glacial refugia and two dispersal hotspots in northern Taiwan and the central-to-southern Central Mountain Range. Overall range reductions and an altitudinal upslope-shift were observed in SDM. Using both linear and nonlinear regression approaches, we found that genetic variation was significantly associated with geographic distance and elevation-related climatic variables. The potential risk analysis revealed that the northernmost summit-dwelling populations were the most vulnerable. Furthermore, the major risk factor differed among populations: for central populations, temperature and precipitation jointly determined the potential risk, whereas precipitation was the only risk factor for northern and southern populations.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong></p> <p>This case study demonstrates how various climate factors, mountain height, and the availability of corridors jointly determine the demographic fates and sustainability of island maples in the face of climate change. This study also provided estimates of the implications of global warming, which can be conducive to developing appropriate conservation strategies.</p>
Fig. 4 in The Study Of Age-Related Variability Of Pigmentation Patterns Of The Shells Of Dreissena Polymorpha (Bivalvia, Dreissenidae) From Different Parts Of It'S Range
Fig. 4. Frequences of main pattern types at different age zones on zebra mussel shells.
Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic diversity and alpine specialization across the alpine flora of the American mountain range system
<p>Although mountainous habitats contribute substantially to global biodiversity, comparatively little is known about biogeographic patterns of distributions of alpine species across multiple mountain ranges. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the distributions and phylogenetic affinities of alpine seed plant lineages across North, Central, and South American mountain systems. Using a comprehensive dataset that characterized the elevational niches of American seed plants in a continuously valued way, we were able to quantitatively investigate how the proportion of alpine habitat occupied by plants related to their biogeographic distributions at a regional scale and place these results in a phylogenetic context. We found alpine species diversity to be greatest in the central Andes and western North America, and that sites with lower phylogenetic diversity contained species with a greater degree of alpine specialization. In particular, near Arctic/ boreal alpine communities were characterized by low phylogenetic diversity and higher degrees of alpine specialization, whereas the opposite was observed for southern Patagonian communities. These results suggest that abiotic filtering alone in these climatically similar regions is unlikely to explain alpine community assembly. Nevertheless, the overall relative rarity of alpine specialists, and the tendency for such specialists to be most closely related to montane lineages, suggested that filtering was still an important factor in shaping alpine community structure. This work corroborates the importance of a nuanced and scale-dependent perspective on the 'history-filtering' debate axis, as both factors have likely contributed to modern biodiversity patterns observed in alpine plant communities across the Americas.</p>
Environmental range per unit space determines a unimodal pattern of species richness along a heterogeneity gradient
<p>Although many studies have focused on the effects of the environment and area on local patterns of species richness, few studies have demonstrated how to reconcile the availability of more niches with smaller habitat areas in heterogeneous localities. Here, the environmental range that a species prefers was defined as a niche; a space was defined as an available space if the environmental range of the space matches a niche; and the metric "environmental range per unit space (ERUS)" was presented to describe the heterogeneity of localities. Because the spaces with stressful environmental ranges, outside the niche, increased with increasing heterogeneity, available spaces did not continue to indefinitely increase, but the proportion of available spaces in spaces was low at high heterogeneous localities. Consequently, the probability of species occurring in their respective available spaces was unimodal. Due to the presence of large spaces in homogenous localities and more spaces in heterogeneous localities, the interval distances between nonadjacent spaces were large in these localities. Together, the changes in the number and proportion of available spaces and distance between spaces determined the unimodal probability of species dispersing into their respective available spaces. Thus, the probability of species coexisting was unimodal because it is important for coexisting species to grow in their respective available spaces. The probability of population extinction increased with increasing heterogeneity because the available spaces became narrower. In this way, the ERUS strongly influence species richness: a unimodal richness along the heterogeneity gradient occurred in suitable, suboptimal<i> </i>and stressful environments, and a unimodal algae richness occurred in a lake and river. These results challenge the viewpoint that richness increases with heterogeneity, providing information about the conservation of richness in very homogeneous and heterogeneous regions, and highlighting the importance of balancing the roles of environment and space in understanding and predicting richness.</p>
Fig. 1 in Home range and activity patterns of Sunda scops owl in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 1. Location of Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia.
Daily ranging and den usage patterns structure fission-fusion dynamics and social associations in spotted hyenas
<p>Environment structure often shapes social interactions. Spatial attractors that draw multiple individuals may play a particularly important role in dispersed groups, where individuals must first encounter one another to interact. We use GPS data recorded simultaneously from five spotted hyenas (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) within a single clan to investigate how communal dens and daily ranging patterns shape fission-fusion dynamics (subgroup splits and merges). We introduce a species-general framework for identifying and characterizing dyadic fission-fusion events and describe a taxonomy of ten possible configurations of these events. Applying this framework to the hyena data illuminates the spatiotemporal structure of social interactions within hyenas' daily routines. The most common types of fission-fusion events involve close approaches between individuals, do not involve co-travel together, and occur at the communal den. Comparison to permutation-based reference models suggests that den usage structures broad-scale patterns of social encounters, but that other factors influence how those encounters unfold. We discuss the dual role of communal dens in hyenas as physical and social resources, and suggest that dens are an example of a general "social piggybacking" process whereby environmental attractors take on social importance as reliable places to encounter conspecifics, causing social and spatial processes to become fundamentally intertwined.</p>
Decoupling pioneering traits from latitudinal patterns in a North American bird experiencing a southward range shift
<ol> <li>Eco-geographic rules describe spatial patterns in biological trait variation and shed light on the drivers of such variation. In animals, a consensus is emerging that 'pioneering' traits may facilitate range shifts via a set of bold, aggressive, and stress-resilient traits. Many of these same traits are associated with more northern latitudes, and most range shifts in the northern hemisphere indicate northward movement. As a consequence, it is unclear whether pioneering traits are simply corollaries of existing latitudinal variation, or whether they override other well-trodden latitudinal patterning as a unique eco-geographic rule of phenotypic variation.</li> <li>The tree swallow (<em>Tachycineta</em> <em>bicolor</em>) is a songbird undergoing a <em>southward</em> range shift in the eastern United States, in direct opposition of the poleward movement seen in most other native species' range shifts. Because this organic range shift countervails the typical direction of movement, this case study provides for unique ecological insights on organisms and their ability to thrive in our changing world.</li> <li>We sampled female birds across seven populations, quantifying behavioral, physiological, and morphological traits. We also used GIS and field data to quantify a core set of ecological factors with strong ties to these traits as well as female performance.</li> <li>Females at more southern expansion sites displayed higher maternal aggression, higher baseline corticosterone, and more pronounced elevation of corticosterone following a standardized stressor, contrary to otherwise largely conserved latitudinal patterning in these traits. Microhabitat variation explained some quantitative phenotypic variation, but the expansion and historic ranges did not differ in openness, distance to water, or breeding density.</li> <li>This countervailing range shift therefore suggests that pioneering traits are not simply corollaries of existing latitudinal variation, but rather, they may override other well-trodden latitudinal patterning as a unique eco-geographic rule of phenotypic variation.</li> </ol>
Geographic patterns in range sizes and their drivers of endemic angiosperms in China
<p><span>Geographic range size of endemic species is the most important indicator of</span><span> species' vulnerability to extinction and conservation prioritization, yet </span><span>variation in </span><span>range size among species and across space has been relatively underst</span><span>udied</span><span>. We investigated the variations and geographic patterns of the range sizes of 9,898 angiosperm species endemic to China and compared them with effects of historical and contemporary climate, physiological tolerances of species and species functional traits associated with dispersal ability (including growth form, fruit type and sexual system) on range size variations</span><span>. Our </span><span>results revealed </span><span>that</span><span> narrow-ranged species are clustered</span> <span>in Southwest China where angiosperm species richness peaks. Winter temperature had the strongest and most negative effects on the range size variations of narrow-ranged species across space and species, while climate seasonality had the strongest and most positive effects on the range size variations of wide-ranged species across space and species. Climate also influenced species range size indirectly via its effects on species' functional traits associated with dispersal ability. Range size of all species, narrow-ranged, and wide-ranged species showed little phylogenetic signal, suggesting that phylogenetic conservatism plays a very weak role in range size variations. Our results show that the range size of angiosperm species endemic to China is driven by both extrinsic spatio-temporal environmental factors and intrinsic species' traits that allow species to cope with environment change.</span></p>
Inpatient, Dose-Ranging Study of Staccato Alprazolam in Epilepsy With Predictable Seizure Pattern
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03478982. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Daily ranging and den usage patterns structure fission-fusion dynamics and social associations in spotted hyenas
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Decoupling pioneering traits from latitudinal patterns in a North American bird experiencing a southward range shift
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Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
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Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic diversity and alpine specialization across the alpine flora of the American mountain range system
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Geographic patterns in range sizes and their drivers of endemic angiosperms in China
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Data from: Coyote diet in North America: geographic and ecological patterns during range expansion
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Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range-size patterns for Malesian flora
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Riding an escalator: upward range shift and patterns of genetic response to climate change in Acer caudatifolium
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Data from: Contrasted patterns of local adaptation to climate change across the range of an evergreen oak, Quercus aquifolioides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.