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188 results for “rapid adaptation”
Data for Rapid phenotypic differentiation and local adaptation in Japanese knotweed s.l. (Reynoutria japonica and R. × bohemica, Polygonaceae) invading novel habitats
<p><span><strong>PREMISE:</strong> Many plant invaders like the Japanese knotweeds are thought to colonize new habitats with low genetic diversity. Such species provide an opportunity to study rapid adaptation to complex environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span><strong>METHODS:</strong> Using replicate reciprocal transplants of clones across three habitats, we described patterns of phenotypic response and assessed degree of local adaptation.</span></p> <p><span><strong>KEY RESULTS:</strong> We found plants from beach habitats had decreased height, number of leaves, leaf area, and biomass allocation to roots and shoots compared to plants from marsh and roadside habitats when grown in their home habitat. In the marsh habitat, marsh plants were generally larger than beach plants, but not different from roadside plants. There were no differences among plants from different habitats grown in the roadside habitat. Despite this evidence of differentiation in beach and marsh habitats, we found mixed evidence for local adaptation. In their "home site" plants from the marsh habitat had greater biomass than plants from the beaches but not compared to plants from roadsides. Biomass comparisons in other habitats were either maladaptive or not significant. However, plants from the roadside had greater survival in their "home site" compared to foreign plants. There were no differences in survival in the other habitats.</span></p> <p><span><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> We found phenotypic differentiation associated with habitats despite the low reported genetic diversity for these populations. Our results partially support the hypothesis of local adaptation in marsh and roadside habitats. Identifying whether these patterns of differentiation result from genetic or heritable non-genetic mechanisms will require further work.</span></p>
Thermal regimes, but not mean temperatures, drive patterns of rapid climate adaptation at a continent-scale: evidence from the introduced European earwig across North America
<p>Full data set + R script</p>
Multiple Distinct Timescales of Rapid Adaptation in the Thalamocortical Circuit
<p><span>Data and code to accompany "Multiple Distinct Timescales of Rapid Adaptation in the Thalamocortical Circuit" by Yi Juin Liew<sup>*</sup>, Elaida D Dimwamwa<sup>*</sup>, Nathaniel C Wright, Yong Zhang, and Garrett B Stanley. </span></p>
Rapid Identification of Bacterial isolates Using Microfluidic Adaptive Channels and Multiplexed Fluorescence Microscopy
<p>Dataset for: Rapid Identification of Bacterial isolates Using Microfluidic Adaptive Channels and Multiplexed Fluorescence Microscopy</p> <p>doi: <a title="Link to landing page via DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LC00325J">10.1039/D4LC00325J</a></p>
Genomic signatures of rapid adaptive divergence in a tropical montane species
<p>This dataset contains data from a study described in the paper: Ericson, P.G.P., Irestedt, M., She, H., and Qu, Y. (2021) "Genomic signatures of rapid adaptive divergence in a tropical montane species". <em>Biology Letters</em> (in print).</p> <p>The study investigates allopatric divergence and selection in Archbold's Bowerbird (<i>Amblyornis papuensis</i>), an iconic bird living in a tropical mountain region in New Guinea, using a novel chromosome-level genome and population genomic comparisons.</p> <p>Our results show that the two populations inhabiting the eastern and western Central Range became isolated ca 11,800 years ago, probably because the suitable habitats for this cold-tolerating bird decreased when the climate got warmer. Our genomic scans detect that genes in highly divergent genomic regions are over-represented in developmental processes, which is likely associated with the observed differences in body size between the populations. Overall, our results suggest that environmental differences between eastern and western Central Range likely drive adaptive divergence between them.</p>
Rapid adaptive evolution to drought in a subset of plant traits in a large-scale climate change experiment
<p>Rapid evolution of traits and of plasticity may enable adaptation to climate change, yet solid experimental evidence under natural conditions is scarce. Here, we imposed rainfall manipulations (+30%, control, -30%) for ten years on entire natural plant communities in two Eastern Mediterranean sites. Additional sites along a natural rainfall gradient and selection analyses in a greenhouse assessed whether potential responses were adaptive. In both sites, our annual target species <i>Biscutella didyma</i> consistently evolved earlier phenology and higher reproductive allocation under drought. Multiple arguments suggest that this response was adaptive: it aligned with theory, corresponding trait shifts along the natural rainfall gradient, and selection analyses under differential watering in the greenhouse. However, another seven candidate traits did not evolve, and there was little support for evolution of plasticity. Our results provide compelling evidence for rapid adaptive evolution under climate change. Yet, several non-evolving traits may indicate potential constraints to full adaptation.</p>
Data from: Experimental evidence of rapid heritable adaptation in the absence of initial standing genetic variation
<p>The success of genetically depauperate populations in the face of environmental change is contrary to the expectation that high genetic diversity is required for rapid adaptation. Alternative pathways such as environmentally induced genetic modifications and non-genetic heritable phenotypes have been proposed mechanisms for heritable adaptation within an ecologically relevant timeframe. However, experimental evidence is currently lacking to establish if, and to what extent, these sources of phenotypic variation can produce a response.<br> <br> To test if adaptation can rapidly occur in the absence of initial standing genetic variation and recombination in small populations, we (i) exposed replicate monoclonal populations of the microzooplankton <em>Brachionus calyciflorus</em> to a culturing regime that selected for phenotypic variants with elevated population growth with either high or low phosphorus food for a period of 55 days and (ii) examined population-level response in two fully factorial common garden experiments at day 15 and 35 of the exposure experiment.<br> <br> Within six generations, we observed heritable local adaptation to nutrient limitation. More specifically, populations with a history of exposure to P-limited food exhibited higher population growth rates under low P food conditions than populations with a high P exposure history. However, the capacity for such a response was found to vary among clones.<br> <br> Our study finds that although standing genetic variation is considered essential for rapid heritable adaptation, the rapid emergence of <em>de novo</em> genetic variation or alternative sources of phenotypic variation could aid in the establishment and persistence of low diversity populations.</p>
Within-generation and transgenerational social plasticity interact during rapid adaptive evolution
<p>The effects of within-generation plasticity versus transgenerational plasticity on trait expression are poorly understood, but important for evaluating plasticity's evolutionary consequences. We tested how genetics, within-generation plasticity, and transgenerational plasticity jointly shape traits influencing rapid evolution in the field cricket <em>Teleogryllus oceanicus</em>. In Hawaiian populations attacked by acoustically-orienting parasitoid flies, a protective, X-linked variant ("<em>flatwing</em>") eliminates male acoustic sexual signals. Silent males rapidly spread to fixation, dramatically changing the acoustic environment. First, we found evidence supporting <em>flatwing</em>-associated pleiotropy in juveniles: pure-breeding <em>flatwing</em> males and females exhibit greater locomotion than those with <em>normal-wing</em> genotypes. Second, within-generation plasticity caused homozygous-<em>flatwing</em> females developing in silence, which mimics all-<em>flatwing</em> populations, to attain lower adult body condition and reproductive investment than those experimentally exposed to song. Third, maternal song exposure caused transgenerational plasticity in offspring, affecting adult, but not juvenile, size, condition, and reproductive investment. This contrasted with behavioral traits, which were only influenced by within-generation plasticity. Fourth, we matched and mismatched maternal and offspring social environments and found that transgenerational plasticity sometimes interacted with within-generation plasticity and sometimes opposed it. Our findings stress the importance of evaluating the plasticity of different traits and stages across generations when evaluating their fitness consequences and role in adaptation.</p>
On the fast track: Hybrids adapt more rapidly than parental populations in a novel environment
<p>Rates of hybridization are predicted to increase due to climate change and human activity that cause redistribution of species and bring previously isolated populations into contact. At the same time, climate change leads to rapid changes in the environment, requiring populations to adapt rapidly in order to survive. A few empirical cases suggest hybridization can facilitate adaptation despite its potential for incompatibilities and deleterious fitness consequences. Here we use simulations and Fisher's Geometric model to evaluate the conditions and time frame of adaptation via hybridization in both diploids and haplodiploids. We find that hybrids adapt faster to new environments compared to parental populations in nearly all simulated scenarios, generating a fitness advantage that can offset intrinsic incompatibilities and last for tens of generations, regardless of whether the population was diploid or haplodiploid. Our results highlight the creative role of hybridization and suggest that hybridization may help contemporary populations adapt to the changing climate. However, adaptation by hybrids may well happen at the cost of reduced biodiversity, if previously isolated lineages collapse into one.</p>
Adapting camera-trap placement based on animal behaviour for rapid detection: a focus on the Endangered, white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis)
<p>Table containing detection data of species using two camera trap placement strategies (log vs non-log)</p>
Rapid reduction of Paraoxonase expression followed by inactivation across semiaquatic mammals suggests adaptive benefit of gene loss
<p>Convergent adaptation to the same environment by multiple lineages frequently involves rapid evolutionary change at the same genes, implicating these genes as important for environmental adaptation. Such adaptive molecular changes may yield either change or loss of function; loss of protein function can eliminate newly deleterious proteins or reduce energy necessary for protein production. We previously found a striking case of recurrent pseudogenization of the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene among aquatic mammal lineages – Pon1 became a pseudogene at least six times independently in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals with clear genetic lesions, such as stop codons and frameshifts. Here, we assess the landscape and pace of pseudogenization by studying Pon1 sequences, expression levels, and blood plasma activity across four major aquatic and semiaquatic mammal lineages: pinnipeds, cetaceans, otters, and beavers. We also observed in beavers and pinnipeds an unexpected reduction in expression of Pon3, a paralog with similar expression patterns but different substrate preferences. Ultimately, in all lineages with aquatic/semiaquatic members, we find that preceding any coding level pseudogenization events in Pon1, there is a drastic decrease in expression, followed by relaxed selection, thus allowing for accumulation of disrupting mutations. The recurrent and rapid loss of Pon1 even suggests that it is adaptive in aquatic mammals. Accordingly, we examined diving and dietary traits across pinniped species as potential driving forces of Pon1 loss. We found that loss is best correlated with diving activity and is likely the result of selective pressures associated with hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammation.</p>
Data for: Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Animal hosts can adapt to emerging infectious disease through both disease resistance, which decreases pathogen numbers, and disease tolerance, which limits damage during infection without limiting pathogen replication. Both resistance and tolerance mechanisms can drive pathogen transmission dynamics. However, it is not well understood how quickly host tolerance evolves in response to novel pathogens or what physiological mechanisms underlie this defense. Using natural populations of house finches (<em>Haemorhous mexicanus</em>) across the temporal invasion gradient of a recently emerged bacterial pathogen (<em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</em>), we find rapid evolution of tolerance (<25 years). In particular, populations with a longer history of MG endemism have less pathology but similar pathogen loads compared with populations with a shorter history of MG endemism. Further, gene expression data reveal that more targeted immune responses early in infection are associated with tolerance. These results suggest an important role for tolerance in host adaptation to emerging infectious diseases, a phenomenon with broad implications for pathogen spread and evolution. </span></p>
Rapid hyperthyroidism-induced adaptation of Salmonid fish in response to environmental pollution
<p><span>The streams draining volcanic landscapes are often characterized by a complex of factors that negatively affect hydrobionts and lead to a decline of their populations. However, in a number of cases, hydrobionts ensure the resilience of populations througth a range of rapid adaptive changes. Here, we present both field and experimental data shedding light on the physiological basis of adaptation in populations of Dolly Varden charr (<em>Salvelinus malma</em>) differing in the duration of isolation in volcanic streams contaminated with heavy metals. The study reveals that isolated populations have a physiological phenotype that distinguishes them from the populations inhabiting clean waters. They are characterized by a hyperthyroid status accompanied by an increased metabolic rate, elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased ionic conductivity of tissues and reduced stored energetic reserves. The experimental data elucidate that hyperthyroidism is an adaptive characteristic enhancing the resistance to heavy metal contamination and shaping the evolution of these populations. The similarity of physiological, developmental and morphological changes in isolated populations suggests a common source and mechanisms underpinning their "evolutionary rescue". Thus, populations of <em>S. malma</em> trapped in volcanic streams represent a genuine case of a rapid neuroendocrine-driven adaptation to changing environmental stimuli.</span></p>
Data from: Parallel shifts in trout feeding morphology suggest rapid adaptation to alpine lake environments
<p>Eco-evolutionary interactions following ecosystem change provide critical insight into the ability of organisms to adapt to shifting resource landscapes. Here we explore evidence for the rapid parallel evolution of trout feeding morphology following eco-evolutionary interactions with zooplankton in alpine lakes stocked at different points in time in the Wind River Range (Wyoming, USA). In this system, trout predation has altered the zooplankton species community and driven a decrease in average zooplankton size. In some lakes that were stocked decades ago, we find shifts in gill raker traits consistent with the hypothesis that trout have rapidly adapted to exploit available smaller-bodied zooplankton more effectively. We explore this morphological response in multiple lake populations across two species of trout (cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii, and golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita) and examine the impact of resource availability on morphological variation in gill raker number among lakes. Furthermore, we present genetic data to provide evidence that historically stocked cutthroat trout populations likely derive from multiple population sources, and incorporate variation from genomic relatedness in our exploration of environmental predictors of feeding morphology. These findings describe rapid adaptation and eco-evolutionary interactions in trout and document an evolutionary response to novel, contemporary ecosystem change.</p>
Unfiltered VCF for pink salmon rapid adaptation
<div> <p>Introduced and invasive species make excellent natural experiments for investigating rapid evolution. Here, we describe the effects of genetic drift and rapid genetic adaptation in pink salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</em>) that were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes via a single introduction event 31-generations ago. Using whole-genome resequencing for 134 fish spanning five sample groups across the native and introduced range, we estimate that the source population's effective population size was 146,886 at the time of introduction, whereas the founding population's effective population size was just 72—a 2040-fold decrease. As expected with a severe founder event, we show reductions in genome-wide measures of genetic diversity, specifically a 37.7% reduction in the number of SNPs and an 8.2% reduction in observed heterozygosity. Despite this decline in genetic diversity, we provide evidence for putative selection at 47 loci across multiple chromosomes in the introduced populations, including missense variants in genes associated with circadian rhythm, immunological response, and maturation, which match expected or known phenotypic changes in the Great Lakes. For one of these genes, we use a species-specific agent-based model to rule out genetic drift and conclude our results support a strong response to selection that occurred in a period gene (per2) that plays a predominant role in determining an organism's daily clock, matching large day-length differences experienced by introduced salmon during important phenological periods. Together, these results inform how populations might evolve rapidly to new environments, even with a small pool of standing genetic variation.</p> </div>
Spatial sorting promotes rapid (mal)adaptation in the red-shouldered soapberry bug after hurricane-driven local extinctions
<p>Predicting future evolutionary change is a critical challenge in the Anthropocene as geographic range shifts and local extinction emerge as hallmarks of planetary change. Hence, spatial sorting – a driver of rapid evolution in which dispersal-associated traits accumulate along expanding range edges and within recolonized habitats – might be of growing importance in ecology and conservation. We report on the results of a natural experiment that monitored re-colonization of host plants by the seed-feeding, red-shouldered soapberry bug, <em>Jadera</em> <em>haematoloma</em>, after local extinctions from catastrophic flooding in an extreme hurricane. We tested the contribution of spatial sorting to generate rapid and persistent evolution in dispersal traits, as well as in feeding traits unrelated to dispersal. Long-winged dispersal forms accumulated in re-colonized habitats, and due to genetic correlation, mouthparts also became longer, and this shift persisted across generations. Those longer mouthparts were likely adaptive on one host plant species but maladaptive on two others based on matching the optimum depth of seeds within their host fruits. Moreover, spatial sorting eroded recently evolved adaptive divergence in mouthpart length among all host-associated biotypes, an outcome pointing to profound practical consequences of the extreme weather event for local adaptation, population resilience, and evolutionary futures.</p>
Rapid and strong population genetic differentiation and genomic signatures of climatic adaptation in an invasive mealybug
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Rapid adaptive evolution of the diapause program during range expansion of an invasive mosquito
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Within-generation and transgenerational social plasticity interact during rapid adaptive evolution
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Unfiltered VCF for pink salmon rapid adaptation
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.