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357 results for “recession”
Data from: Incubation recess behaviors influence nest survival of Wild Turkeys
<p>In ground nesting upland birds, reproductive activities contribute to elevated predation risk, so females presumably use multiple strategies to ensure nest success. Identification of drivers reducing predation risk have primarily focused on evaluating vegetative conditions at nest sites, but behavioral decisions manifested through movements during incubation may be additional drivers of nest survival. However, our understanding of how movements during incubation impact nest survival is limited for most ground nesting birds. Using GPS data collected from female Eastern Wild Turkeys (<i>n</i> = 206), we evaluated nest survival as it relates to movement behaviors during incubation, including recess frequency, distance traveled during recesses, and habitat selection during recess movements. We identified 9,361 movements off nests and 6,529 recess events based on approximately 62,065 hours of incubation data, and estimated mean nest attentiveness of 84.0%. Numbers of recesses taken daily were variable across females (range: 1‒7). Nest survival modeling indicated that increased cumulative distance moved during recesses each day was the primary driver of positive daily nest survival. Our results suggest behavioral decisions are influencing trade-offs between nest survival and adult female survival during incubation to reduce predation risk, specifically through adjustments to distances traveled during recesses.</p>
Data from: Does rapid glacial recession affect feeding habits of alpine stream insects?
<p>1. Glacial retreat, accompanied by shifts in riparian vegetation and glacier meltwater inputs, alters the energy supply and trophic structure of alpine stream food webs. Our goal in this study was to enhance understanding of dietary niches of macroinvertebrates inhabiting different alpine streams with contrasting glacial and non-glacial (groundwater, precipitation, snowmelt) water inputs in conjunction with seasonal and habitat-specific variation in basal resource availability. </p> <p>2. We measured a range of stream physico-chemical attributes as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N) of macroinvertebrates and primary food sources at seven sites across seasons within a Swiss glaciated catchment (Val Roseg) undergoing rapid glacial retreat (1-2 km between years 1997–2014). Sampling sites corresponded to streams used in a previous (1997/1998) study within the same alpine catchment.</p> <p>3. Physico-chemical attributes showed wide variation in environmental conditions across streams and seasons. Significant correlation among physico-chemical proxies of glacier meltwater (P-PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, TIC, conductivity, turbidity) and macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N and SEA<sub>c</sub> (a proxy for feeding niche width) values showed that the extent of glacial water input shapes the energy base among alpine streams. Feeding niche differences among common alpine stream insect taxa (Chironomidae, Baetidae, Heptageniidae) were not significant, indicating that these organisms likely are plastic in feeding behaviour, opportunistically relying on food resources available in a particular stream and season.</p> <p>4. Seasonal trends in macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C largely followed patterns in periphyton δ<sup>13</sup>C values, indicating that autochthonous resources were the main consumer energy source within the stream network, as shown previously. The overall range in macroinvertebrate δ<sup>13</sup>C (-33.5 to -18.4 ‰) and δ<sup>15</sup>N (-6.9 to 6.7 ‰) values also corresponded to values measured in the previous study, suggesting that macroinvertebrates altered diets in line with changes in environmental conditions and food resources during a period of rapid glacial retreat. Our results suggest that environmental changes brought on by rapid glacial retreat have not yet caused a profound change in the trophic structure within these fluvial networks.</p>
Data from: Evidence of the phenotypic expression of a lethal recessive allele under inbreeding in a wild population of conservation concern
Deleterious recessive alleles that are masked in outbred populations are predicted to be expressed in small, inbred populations, reducing both individual fitness and population viability. However, there are few definitive examples of phenotypic expression of lethal recessive alleles under inbreeding conditions in wild populations. Studies that demonstrate the action of such alleles, and infer their distribution and dynamics, are required to understand their potential impact on population viability and inform management responses. The Scottish population of red-billed choughs (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), which currently totals <60 breeding pairs and is of major conservation concern, has recently been affected by lethal blindness in nestlings. We used family data to show that the pattern of occurrence of blindness within and across affected families that produced blind nestlings was exactly 0·25, matching that expected given a single-locus autosomal lethal recessive allele. Furthermore, the observed distribution of blind nestlings within affected families did not differ from that expected given Mendelian inheritance of such an allele. Relatedness estimates showed that individuals from affected families were not more closely related to each other than they were to individuals from unaffected families that did not produce blind nestlings. Blind individuals tended to be less heterozygous than non-blind individuals, as expected if blindness was caused by the expression of a recessive allele under inbreeding. However, there was no difference in the variance in heterozygosity estimates, suggesting that some blind individuals were relatively outbred. These results suggest carriers of the blindness allele may be widely distributed across contemporary families rather than restricted to a single family lineage, implying that the allele has persisted across multiple generations. Blindness occurred at low frequency (affecting 1·6% of observed nestlings since 1981). However, affected families had larger initial brood sizes than unaffected families. Such high fecundity of carriers of a lethal recessive allele might reflect overdominance, potentially reducing purging and increasing allele persistence probability. We thereby demonstrate the phenotypic expression of a lethal recessive allele in a wild population of conservation concern, and provide a general framework for inferring allele distribution and persistence and informing management responses.
Data from: An X-linked meiotic drive allele has strong, recessive fitness costs in female Drosophila pseudoobscura
<p>Selfish 'meiotic drive' alleles are transmitted to >50% of offspring, allowing them to rapidly invade populations even if they reduce the fitness of individuals carrying them. Theory predicts that drivers should either fix or go extinct, yet some drivers defy these predictions by persisting at low, stable frequencies for decades. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that drivers are especially costly when homozygous, although empirical tests of this idea are rare and equivocal. Here, we measure the fitness of female Drosophila pseudoobscura carrying zero, one, or two copies of the X-linked driver Sex-Ratio (SR). SR had strong negative effects on female offspring production and the probability of reproductive failure, and these effects were largely similar across four genetic backgrounds. SR was especially costly when homozygous. We used our fitness measurements to parameterise a population genetic model, and found that the female fitness costs observed here can explain the puzzlingly low allele frequency of SR in nature. We also use the model to show how spatial variation in female mating behaviour, fitness costs of SR, and the reduced siring success of SR males can jointly explain the North-South cline in SR frequencies across North America.</p>
Prediction of individual disease progression including parameter uncertainty in rare neurodegenerative diseases: the example of Autosomal-Recessive Spastic Ataxia Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS) - code and data sets
<p>This repository contains the scripts for the paper in revision to the AAPS J: Prediction of individual disease progression including parameter uncertainty in rare neurodegenerative diseases: the example of Autosomal-Recessive Spastic Ataxia Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS) </p> <p>Authors: Niels Hendrickx, MSc, France Mentré, MD, PhD, Andreas Traschütz, MD, PhD, Cynthia Gagnon, PhD, Rebecca Schüle, MD, ARCA Study Group, EVIDENCE-RND consortium, Matthis Synofzik, MD, Emmanuelle Comets, PhD</p> <p>A simulated dataset (<strong>simulated_arsacs.csv</strong>) has been included in the repository to make the code executable as a standalone. Four main scripts have been provided in addition with the present Readme describing the files. The repository also includes 3 R objects and 2 folders which will be overwritten when the scripts are run, and are included as examples of the expected outputs. The main scripts are:</p> <p>- <strong>Script_imputation_selection.R</strong>: runs the covariate selection method. It uses a simulated dataset provided in the depot. The multiple imputation model is hardcoded as an input to the mice package to generate 10 imputed datasets, saved in current_directory/imputed_data_sets/df_arsacs_mi_i.csv. The script then runs the covariate selection method. The script prints out the list of selected covariates and returns a saemixObject containing the fit of the selected covariate model.<br> After the script executes, a list will be saved with the name of the selected covariates in the current directory (an example is included under the name "cov_matrix_model.RData" in the repository), the output of the selection, containing the whole history of runs will be saved under "final_covariate_model.RData", the list of selected covariate names will be saved under "list_covariates.RData".</p> <p>- <strong>source_mi.R</strong>: contains the functions used by Script_imputation_selection.R</p> <p>- <strong>script_bootstrap_indfit.R</strong>: This script loads "cov_matrix_model.RData" containing the matrix of covariate effects (used by saemix) and "list_covariates.RData", the list of covariates included, fits the model on the imputed data sets and computes its bootstrap distribution for each imputed data set (in the script, using only 20 samples for computation time, saved in current_directory/bootstrap/boot.arsacs.case.mi.i). It then computes the mean parameter and relative standard error of each parameter. It then computes the conditional distribution of each patient in each bootstrap samples and returns a data frame of individual predictions. The script will then plot 4 indivudal predictions. </p> <p>-<strong> source_bootstrap.R</strong>: contains the functions used by script_bootstrap_indfit.R</p> <p>Both scripts need the saemix package to run, which we haven’t included in the repository as it is freely available on the CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/saemix/index.html). Additional libraries we make use of in the code (MICE, tidyverse, ggplot2) also need to be installed prior to execution. <br>The R code provided can be further customised to be adapted to different scenarios.</p> <p>For the code to run, it is preferable to unzip the whole folder and set the working directory to the source file location as the script uses the "bootstrap" and "imputed_data_sets" sub-folders</p> <p>To execute this code, assuming the required libraries are available in the local R installation, please open an R session and run:<br>source("Script_imputation_selection.R") # for the covariate selection method (runtime: 3h on a i7-8565U laptop)<br>source("script_bootstrap_indfit.R") # to obtain individual trajectories (runtime: 1h on a i7-8565U laptop)</p>
Replication package for: "Subsidizing Labor Hoarding in Recessions: The Employment & Welfare Effects of Short Time Work"
<p>This package contains all the necessary code to replicate figures, tables and in-text statistics in Giupponi and Landais (forthcoming), "Subsidizing Labor Hoarding in Recessions: The Employment & Welfare Effects of Short Time Work", Review of Economic Studies. Detailed instructions are also provided on how to access the raw data.</p>
Data presented in: Glacier recession and the response of summer streamflow in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1960‐2099
<p>This is an archive of data that is presented and described in:</p> <p>Glacier recession and the response of summer streamflow in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1960‐2099</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021764">https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021764</a></p>
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c).
text-fig. 16. Ventral view of the braincase, showing different states for characters 56 and 57. a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics; based on Sereno (1991b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis based on QG 195; the postorbital processes of the laterosphenoid are broken in this specimen of Syntarsus; their attachments are placed above and slightly posterior to the trigeminal foramen. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bpt, basipterygoid process; bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tuber; fo, fenestra ovalis; Is, laterosphenoid; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pop, paroccipital process; popls, postorbital process of the laterosphenoid; psp, parasphenoid; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 16. Ventral view of the braincase, showing different states for characters 56 and 57. a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics; based on Sereno (1991b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis based on QG 195; the postorbital processes of the laterosphenoid are broken in this specimen of Syntarsus; their attachments are placed above and slightly posterior to the trigeminal foramen. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bpt, basipterygoid process; bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tuber; fo, fenestra ovalis; Is, laterosphenoid; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pop, paroccipital process; popls, postorbital process of the laterosphenoid; psp, parasphenoid; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 17. Lateral view of the braincase, illustrating states for several braincase characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus; redrawn from Sereno (1991Z?). B, Troödon formosus; based on Currie and Zhao (1993a); the paroccipital process of Troödon is shown in cross-section to illustrate the internal pneumatic cavity within this bone. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; bpt, basipterygoid process; boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; ep, episthotic; f, frontal; fo, fenestra ovalis; ic, foramen for the entrance of the vidian canal for the internal carotid; jf, jugular foramen; Is, laterosphenoid; mf, metotic fissure; o, orbital facet on the frontal; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; osp, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pn, pneumatic openings or cavities; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; ps, parasphenoid; pspc, parasphenoid capsule; ptf, posttemporal foramen; vcm, exit of the vena capitis medialis; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 17. Lateral view of the braincase, illustrating states for several braincase characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus; redrawn from Sereno (1991Z?). B, Troödon formosus; based on Currie and Zhao (1993a); the paroccipital process of Troödon is shown in cross-section to illustrate the internal pneumatic cavity within this bone. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; bpt, basipterygoid process; boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; ep, episthotic; f, frontal; fo, fenestra ovalis; ic, foramen for the entrance of the vidian canal for the internal carotid; jf, jugular foramen; Is, laterosphenoid; mf, metotic fissure; o, orbital facet on the frontal; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; osp, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pn, pneumatic openings or cavities; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; ps, parasphenoid; pspc, parasphenoid capsule; ptf, posttemporal foramen; vcm, exit of the vena capitis medialis; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
Hydrograph and Recession Flows Predictions Simulations using Deep Learning: Watershed Uniqueness and Objective Functions
<p>This resource contains the results presented in the paper titled 'Hydrograph and Recession Flows Simulations using Deep Learning: Watershed Uniqueness and Objective Functions' by Abhinav Gupta and Sean McKenna.<span><span><br></span></span></p> <p>'</p>
Data from: Cryptic recessive lethality of a supergene controlling social organization in ants
<p>Supergenes are clusters of linked loci that control complex phenotypes, such as alternate forms of social organization in ants. Explaining the long-term maintenance of supergenes is challenging, particularly when the derived haplotype lacks homozygous lethality and causes gene drive. In the Alpine silver ant, <em>Formica selysi</em>, a large and ancient social supergene with two haplotypes, <em>M</em> and <em>P</em>, controls colony social organization. Single-queen colonies only contain <em>MM </em>females, while multi-queen colonies contain <em>MP</em> and <em>PP</em> females. The derived <em>P</em> haplotype, found only in multi-queen colonies, selfishly enhances its transmission through maternal effect killing, which could have led to its fixation. A population genetic model showed that a stable social polymorphism can only be maintained under a narrow set of conditions, which includes partial assortative mating by social form (which is known to occur in the wild), and low fitness of <em>PP</em> queens. With a combination of field and laboratory experiments, we show that the <em>P</em> haplotype has deleterious effects on female fitness. The survival rate of <em>PP</em> queens and workers was around half the one of other genotypes. Moreover, <em>P</em>-carrying queens had lower fertility and fecundity compared to other queens. We discuss how cryptic lethal effects of the P haplotype help stabilize this ancient polymorphism.</p>
The Efficacy of Amnion Chorion Allograft in Management of Gingival Recession.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06508476. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 17.
Tunnel Technique With Emdogain® in Addition to Connective Tissue Graft Compared With Connective Tissue Graft Alone for the Treatment of Gingival Recessions: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03354104. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparison Between Connective Graft and Xenogeneic Matrix, in Patients With Multiple Gingival Recessions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03207984. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Er,Cr:YSGG Laser For Recipient Bed Bio-modification And Connective Tissue Harvesting in Treatment of Gingival Recession
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03200392. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Treatment of Single Maxillary Gingival Recession With Loss of Inter-dental Attachment. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05460182. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
m-VISTA Technique vs. CAF in the Treatment of Class III Multiple Recessions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03258996. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 28.
Evaluating Coronally Advanced Flap With Platelet-rich Fibrin Membrane and Chorion Membrane for Gingival Recession
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07308405. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Reducing Eye Strain and Anxiety Using a Digital Intervention During Online Learning Class Recess Among Children at Home: A Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04309097. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
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